PAPR Reduction Using Low Complexity PTS to Construct OFDM Signal

Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing has become evident due to its higher frequency multiplicity to achieve high data rate and greater immunity to multipath fading. The imperative drawback of OFDM is its high peak-to-average power ratio which results in power inefficiency. There are numerous techniques used to overcome problem of high PAPR in OFDM modulation system. Partial transmit sequence (PTS) is most prominent peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) reduction techniques proposed for orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) systems. The main drawback of the conventional PTS (C-PTS) is its higher computational complexity and transmission of several side information bits. A new PTS with simple detector is recommended here to deal with these drawbacks of C-PTS. The candidates can be generated by cyclically shift of each sub block sequence in time domain and combining them in a recursive manner. At the receiver, by using the natural diversity of phase constellation for different candidates, the detector can successfully regain the original signal without side information. The probability of detecting failure of the side information found that detector can work without any side information with high reliability. The scheme in this paper achieves almost the same bit error rate (BER) performance as the C-PTS with perfect side information, under additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) channel and Rayleigh fading channel

Scanning electron microscopic studies of Beauveria bassiana against Lipaphis erysimi Kalt

This work was aimed to identify the LC50 of the indigenous fungal isolates for controlling L. erysimi infesta-tion in mustard aphid besides to probe the mechanism of action of the local isolates and comparison of the efficacy with the reference culture and commercial formulation ‘Mycojaal’. Three isolates of entomopathogenic fungi Beauveria bassiana were tested for infection on nymph of Lipaphis erysimi Kalt. using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to record any variation. The SEM revealed adhesion of spores of B.bassiana followed by penetration of L.erysimi nymph surface. It was observed that all Beauveria isolates showed little variation with respect to penetration and adhesion at different time intervals. Further, lethal concentration (LC50) values of B. bassiana isolates against L. erysimi was recorded and was lowest (0.05x107 spores/ml) in B. bassiana MTCC 4495 and highest (0.11.X107 spores/ml) was recorded in native isolate F10 after 120 hours of treatment. The study has established the need for the isolation and evaluation of the indigenous Beauveria isolate. Moreover, it also exhibited the efficacy of the reference and commercially available biocontrol agents

Xanthogranulomatous orchitis: a case series

Xanthogranulomatous orchitis (XGO) is a sporadic disorder that has no definite aetiology and is a mimicker of several conditions, most significant of which are testicular neoplasms. We present a case series of three cases. The first case presented with swelling in his scrotum. The second case presented with similar symptoms and had prior history of trauma to the scrotum. Both cases were clinically diagnosed with testicular tumour. The third case was a referred case of left chronic orchitis with sinus tract. All three patients underwent high inguinal orchidectomy. Regardless of clinical work-up and diagnoses, upon histopathological evaluation, all three cases were diagnosed with XGO. This study explores the variety of risk factors and aetiologies that may result in XGO

Yolk Sac Tumor (Endodermal Sinus Tumor) with Component of Mature Cystic Teratoma at Sacrococcygeal Region in Children less than Two Years - A Case Series

Sacrococcygeal germ cell tumors in neonates and infants are always primary. About 75-95% of the cases occur in females. Chromosomal analysis of these extragonadal teratomas suggest that they arise from postmitotic/ premitotic cells. The majority of sacrococcygeal tumors are benign, teratomas. These benign teratomas have potential for malignant transformation. The most common malignancy which can occur is yolk sac tumor (YST) also known as endodermal sinus tumor (EST). Malignant germ cell tumors account for 3% of childhood neoplasms and extragonadal germ cell tumor constitutes 1–5% of all germ cell tumors which are highly aggressive. Presented here are three cases of yolk sac tumor arising in a sacrococcygeal mature cystic teratoma in less than 2 years of age

(R1954) Fractional Order on Modeling the Transmission of Devastative COVID-19 Infection: Efficacy of Vaccination

The second wave of COVID-19 is an unprecedented condition in India and began in mid February 2021. Individuals who were already suffering from other comorbidities were found with lung infection, and hence, the number of disease induced deaths were rising faster during the second wave in relation to the first wave. This paper has proposed a mathematical model with fractional order derivatives by correlating the model based number of infectives with the real number of infectives in India. For the system of fractional differential equations, a disease-free state has been computed and proved to be locally asymptotically stable with certain restrictions. The mathematical model has been numerically simulated using the predictor-corrector method to highlight the role played by fractional order in controlling the disease spread. Numerical simulations signify the fact that a vital role has been played by fractional order model over integer order model in determining the transmission of COVID-19. It can be visualized that the increment rate in the infectives is lower by taking into consideration the memory effect due to a previous exposure to COVID-19

Study of effect of intravenous iron sucrose on different haematological parameters in patients of anaemia in pregnancy

Background: The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of intravenous Iron sucrose by comparing the various hematological parameters before and after infusion of intravenous iron sucrose and also the safety and compliance in cases of pregnancy with anaemia.Methods: One fifty patients visited in OPD with haemoglobin level <7 gm/dl during 1st and 2nd trimester of pregnancy and all patients of 3rd trimester with mild, moderate or severe anemia after satisfying the inclusion criteria were included. These patients were investigated with different hematological parameters. Patient’s hemoglobin, serum iron, total iron binding capacity, peripheral blood smear repeated after the completion of doses after 21 days.Results: Results were significant with increase in haemoglobin from baseline 6.7 ± 1.2 to 10.2 ± 1.9 after 21 days of treatment. There was significant rise of serum iron levels (93.14 ± 1.9 mcg/dl) post treatment. However repeat TIBC (94.66%) significantly decreased from baseline, mean TIBC was 314.66 ± 1.8 mcg/dl. Significant increase was also noted in MCV, MCH and PCV.Conclusions: This study showed significant improvement of hemoglobin and iron stores in pregnant women given calculated dose of iron sucrose complex infusion. It was safe for mother and fetus and is well tolerated

Synthesis, characterization and fungicidal activity of novel 2-aminopyrimidine Schiff bases

2-Aminopyrimidines represents vital class of bioactive molecules where its structural changes would lead to its peculiar properties. N-heterocyclic compound i.e. 2-aminopyrimidine had wide range of applications in pharmacological, material chemistry and agriculture as antifungal, antimicrobial and antibacterial agents. 2-Aminopyrimidine and its derivatives are good candidates for antimicrobial, antifungal and anticorrosion activity. In the present study, a series of substituted N-benzylidine-2-aminopyrimidine compounds have been synthesized by condensation reaction of 2-aminopyrimidine with substituted benzaldehydes (o-chloro, m-hydroxybenzaldehyde, p-hydroxybenzaldehyde, 2,5-dimethoxybenzaldehyde, p-dimethylaminobenzaldehye, syringaldehyde, o-phthaldehyde, isovanillin benzaldehyde, veratraldehyde and thiophene-2-carboxyaldehyde) using glacial acetic acid or NaOH (40%). The synthesised Schiff bases have been characterized using UV, IR, 1H NMR and 13C spectral studies. 2-Aminopyrimidine Schiff bases (1-10) have been examined for fungitoxicity on the growth of Fusarium verticillioides, Rhizoctonia solani and Macrophomina phaseolina using poisoned food technique

Changes in insulin sensitivity over time and associated factors in HIV-infected adolescents

OBJECTIVE: To compare prevalence of insulin resistance between perinatally HIV-infected (PHIV+) and perinatally HIV-exposed, but uninfected adolescents (PHEU), determine incidence of and contributory factors to new and resolved cases of insulin resistance in PHIV+, and evaluate glucose metabolism. DESIGN: Cross-sectional design for comparison of prevalence among PHIV+ and PHEU. Longitudinal design for incidence and resolution of insulin resistance among PHIV+ at risk for these outcomes. METHODS: The source population was adolescents from pediatric HIV clinics in the United States and Puerto Rico participating in the Pediatric HIV/AIDS Cohort Study, an ongoing prospective cohort study designed to evaluate impact of HIV infection and its treatment on multiple domains in preadolescents and adolescents. Insulin resistance was assessed by homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance. Those with incident insulin resistance underwent 2-h oral glucose tolerance test and HbA1c. Baseline demographic, metabolic, and HIV-specific variables were evaluated for association with incident or resolved insulin resistance. RESULTS: Unadjusted prevalence of insulin resistance in PHIV+ was 27.3 versus 34.1% in PHEU. After adjustment for Tanner stage, age, sex, and race/ethnicity, there was no significant difference between groups. Factors positively associated with developing insulin resistance included female sex, higher BMI z score, and higher waist circumference; those associated with resolving insulin resistance included male sex and lower BMI z score. CONCLUSION: Prevalence of insulin resistance in PHIV+ and PHEU was substantially higher than that reported in HIV-uninfected nonoverweight youth, but similar to that in HIV-uninfected obese youth. Factors associated with incident or resolved insulin resistance among PHIV+ were similar to those reported in HIV-negative obese youth. However, a contributory role of HIV infection and/or its treatment to the incident risk of insulin resistance cannot be excluded