Evaluative conceptualization in paroemiology language (on examples of Russian and English languages)

The problem of layer organization of evaluative categorization is analyzed in the article. Main attention is drawn to the problem of evaluative category forming in paroemiological worldview. Lingual ways of reality reflection is shown on the base of English and Russian proverbs. Authors note benefactive character of evaluative characterization of reality objects, situations, etc. in paroemies. This fact points out modeling function of paroemeis as leading function that actually is the function of correction of people behavior

Leadership in the university student environment: How to become a person-oriented leader

© 2018 International Journal of Instruction. Currently there is a vital need to teach youth to demonstrate leadership skills as well as to work in the competitive market environment. This article is devoted to the problem of leadership training among university students. The sample included 474 students of Kazan Federal University. The project was based on the use of person-oriented interaction between the university tutors and students to help young people overcome the barriers to develop leadership qualities while being engaged in the organizational activities. In the first phase, the participants' levels of leadership qualities, organizational inclination, and communication skills were determined. The experimental stage was aimed at teaching student organizers create a positive atmosphere in the group being guided by the principles of person-oriented interaction between a leader and his followers. The experiment has demonstrated that collaboration of people with a high level of leadership qualities and those ones with a low level of leadership qualities do not give positive results. Collaboration with the university tutors gave support to the student participants and helped them develop the traits of a leader

Production and Application of Multicistronic Constructs for Various Human Disease Therapies

The development of multicistronic vectors has opened up new opportunities to address the fundamental issues of molecular and cellular biology related to the need for the simultaneous delivery and joint expression of several genes. To date, the examples of the successful use of multicistronic vectors have been described for the development of new methods of treatment of various human diseases, including cardiovascular, oncological, metabolic, autoimmune, and neurodegenerative disorders. The safety and effectiveness of the joint delivery of therapeutic genes in multicistronic vectors based on the internal ribosome entry site (IRES) and self-cleaving 2A peptides have been shown in both in vitro and in vivo experiments as well as in clinical trials. Co-expression of several genes in one vector has also been used to create animal models of various inherited diseases which are caused by mutations in several genes. Multicistronic vectors provide expression of all mutant genes, which allows the most complete mimicking disease pathogenesis. This review comprehensively discusses multicistronic vectors based on IRES nucleotide sequence and self-cleaving 2A peptides, including its features and possible application for the treatment and modeling of various human diseases

Некоторые пути улучшения отдаленных результатов лечения рака почки

Objective: to estimate the incidence of local recurrences and distant metastases, and the long-term results of treatment for renal cancer (RC) in relation to the used treatment option and surgical access.Subjects and methods. The results of treatment were analyzed in 392 patients with RC, by using the 1993-to-2000 materials of the municipal cancer dispensary and other Kazan therapeutic-and-prophylactic institutions.Results. With a laparotomic access, there were no local recurrences in any patients whereas with a lumbar access, local recurrence rate was 25%, which is, in the authors' opinion, associated with the disintegration of Gerota's fascia and with the spread of cancer cells. With the application of lumbotomic and transabdominal accesses, the incidence of metachronous distant metastases was 38.9 and 15.1%, respectively. With the laparatomic access, 3- and 5-year survival was also 10—20% higher than that with the lumbotomic access. Postoperative radiotherapy and/or hormonotherapy does not affect the incidence of local recurrences and distant metastases at all stages of the disease.Conclusion. Midline laparotomy with hardware access correction with Sigal-Kabanov retractors (SKR-10) should be considered to be the access of choice in treating RC.

Особенности полиморфизма генов вирулентности Helicobacter pylori и генов ИЛ-1 при язвенной болезни желудка и двенадцатиперстной кишки, ассоциированной с Helicobacter pylori

The prevalence of H.pylori virulence genes (iceA, cagA, babA2, vacA) as well as the distribution of the IL-1 genes was studied in patients with H.pylori-associated gastric and duodenal ulcer disease. VacA s1/m2 iceA1 cagA+ и vacA s1/m2 iceA1 cagA+ babA2 genotypes of H. pylori were shown to be prevalent in the clinic isolates. Four patients were found to be infected with Ureaplasma urealyticum. The combination of the IL‑1B ‑511*Т / IL‑1B +3954*C / IL-1RN*2 alleles was shown to be prevalent among the patients with gastric and duodenal ulcer disease. The correlation between the H. pylori genotypes, the IL-1 genes and the peculiarities of ulcer disease was not found.Исследовали особенности распределения генов вирулентности (iceA, cagA, babA2, vacA) и генов ИЛ-1 в клинических изолятах Helicobacter pylori (H.p.), полученных от пациентов с эндоскопически подтвержденными диагнозами язвенной болезни двенадцатиперстной кишки (ЯБД) и язвенной болезни желудка (ЯБЖ). Обнаружено, что в биоптатах превалируют штаммы H.p. с генотипом vacA s1/m2 iceA1 cagA+ и vacA s1/m2 iceA1 cagA+ babA2. При этом у больных ЯБЖ и ЯБД наиболее часто встречается комбинация аллелей IL‑1B‑511*Т/IL‑1B +3954*C/IL-1RN*2. У 4 пациентов в биоптатах обнаружены микоплазмы (Ureaplasma urealyticum). Связь между разновидностью комбинации генов вирулентности H.p., генов ИЛ-1 и особенностью течения язвенной болезни не установлена

The new directions in genetics, breeding and biotechnology of ornamental and berry crops in the N.I. Vavilov Institute of Plant Genetic Resources (VIR)

The use of modern breeding methods, biotechnology, and molecular genetics makes it possible to identify promising accessions with specified economically important traits at early pre-breeding stages. The success of creating new varieties depends on the availability of unique collections of plant genetic resources, information about genomes, possibility of in vitro cultivation with high regenerative capacity, and practical skills and competencies in this area. One of the advanced methods for accelerating the breeding process is genome editing using the CRISPR/Cas system. This method allows the effective modification of genes in order to obtain varieties with desired traits. In 2022, a new youth laboratory of genetics, breeding, biotechnology of ornamental and berry crops was set up at VIR as part of the National Project "Science and Universities". It is noteworthy that this event coincided with the 135th anniversary of the birth of N.I. Vavilov. The work of the laboratory is aimed at obtaining lines with desired properties for the further breeding process; identifying target genes of economically important traits for obtaining new varieties, lines, and hybrids; as well as creating protocols for the accelerated reproduction of virus-free material of commercially demanded varieties oriented towards import substitution. This review discusses current trends in breeding of ornamental and berry crops: e.g., flower color change in snapdragon and peony; flower aroma improvement in rose; architectonics change in actinidia; and increase of resistance to stress factors in blackberries, strawberries, and grapes

Evaluative conceptualization in paroemiology language (on examples of Russian and English languages)

The problem of layer organization of evaluative categorization is analyzed in the article. Main attention is drawn to the problem of evaluative category forming in paroemiological worldview. Lingual ways of reality reflection is shown on the base of English and Russian proverbs. Authors note benefactive character of evaluative characterization of reality objects, situations, etc. in paroemies. This fact points out modeling function of paroemeis as leading function that actually is the function of correction of people behavior

Evaluative conceptualization in paroemiology language (on examples of Russian and English languages)

The problem of layer organization of evaluative categorization is analyzed in the article. Main attention is drawn to the problem of evaluative category forming in paroemiological worldview. Lingual ways of reality reflection is shown on the base of English and Russian proverbs. Authors note benefactive character of evaluative characterization of reality objects, situations, etc. in paroemies. This fact points out modeling function of paroemeis as leading function that actually is the function of correction of people behavior

Socialization of foreign university students through the formation of reading literacy

© 2020, Association for Social Studies Educa. All rights reserved. The article considers the concept of reading literacy as a means of successful socialization of foreign students of Elabuga Institute of Kazan Federal University. As a prerequisite for the research served the growth of number of foreign students in the Institute. That in its chain caused the problem of socialization of foreign students in the Russian society. The authors analyze the process of reading literacy formation at three levels (baseline, functional, multiple). Each level corresponds to a certain stage of learning a foreign language (the language of the host country). The first stage presumes a digital educational resource “Russian as a foreign language (RuStart)”. At the second stage students’ study at preparatory courses of studying Russian as a foreign language on the basis of university. The third stage of socialization of foreign students (multiple literacy) is characterized by formation of students' professional socialization by means of studying the English language. The level of socialization of students at each of the considered stages is determined. Besides, the influence of reading literacy on the process of socialization of foreign students is revealed. The aim of the paper is to reveal and analyse value of reading literacy in the course of socialization of students from Central Asia in the Republic of Tatarstan (Russia). To meet the aims of the research the authors use cross sectional research design. To reveal a relationship between reading literacy levels and students' socialization, the authors track changes at every stage of the study through testing, questioning, and interviewing foreign students. Thus, correlation characteristics are determined. The impact of the development of reading literacy on the socialization of foreign students becomes evident through the analysis of the results of interviews. The analysis is performed using the method of correlational analysis. The conducted research revealed the integral role of reading literacy in socialization of foreign students in our higher education institution

The word-formation category “displacement causation”: Mutational and modification semantics of German, Russian and tatar verbs

© 2019, Slovenska Vzdelavacia Obstaravacia. All rights reserved. The aim of the study is to determine the semantic, structural and cognitive specificity of the derivational embodiment of the semantics of “displacement” in the difference-structured languages. 16 subcategories of the derivational category “displacement causation”, 102 derivational types are described in the article taking into account differential semi forming formants. It was determined that the maximum number of word-formative types had been found in German - 49 word-formative types (48%), and the minimum number of word-formative types has been stated in the Tatar language - 25 word-formative types (24,5 %). In the Russian language there were 28 word-formative types (27,5%). The German language consciousness is characterized by a precise description of the movement of an object, taking into account both the directional and temporal, technical and other characteristics of the action. It is also considered to be essential to explicit at the word-formation level the relation of the subject to the reality and the perception of oneself as part of space, that is the ability to express unique meanings which in other languages require additional lexical specification or exist at the connotative level. Russian and Tatar derived verbs are characterized by a high nominative potential and require a greater deal of inference. The empirical material presented in this article indicates that in the word-formation category “causation of movement” two main types of word-formation values in derivative verbs are implemented: modification, determined by an original verb of an additional characteristics, and a mutation, which is accompanied by a change in the categorial meaning of the derivative verb, its desemantization. There is a need to form a complete picture of the structural and semantic system of the Russian, German, and Tatar languages in general and the verb system in particular. Thus, this paper gives an opportunity to realize the peculiarities of linguistic consciousness of peoples, reconstruction of the linguistic picture of the world, and the development of intercultural competence of contemporary people