Evaluating Usages of Social Media and Educational Teaching Methods in Consonance with the Teachings of Islam

Social media plays a very important role in the present education system of the world on the whole and in Islamic Republic of Pakistan in special. People in this area prefer to find information on social sites rather than find them face to face. Social media sites provide a variety of mediums for interacting and communicating while learning. However, this widespread use of social media is misused by some of the less responsible. The use of social media that is not Islamic values ​​can be harmful to society. Integrity in the dissemination of information on social media has been an issue often overlooked by some writers. Therefore, the application of Islamic values ​​is important in preventing these problems from continuing to spread and producing less educated communities. Based on the analysis of the study, there are four topics that cover teaching methods through social media from an Islamic perspective. Firstly think of social media as a medium of teaching. Subsequently, this article addresses the issue of using social media as a medium of instruction. The application of Islamic values ​​in communicating information through social media is also elaborated. Finally, this article also discusses the importance and benefits of emphasizing Islamic values ​​in communicating information on social media

Regulatory Quality and Employment Generation Empirical Evidence from selected Developing Economies of Asia

Theory of economic regulation gained importance in economics literature in the era of 1990s. Market failure caused by market imperfections has legitimized government intervention and regulation in the economic affairs of state. But positive response to regulation in developed countries and failure of regulatory institutions in developing countries have created doubts about the role of regulation in developing countries. This study is an effort to explore relation between regulatory quality and employment generation in 6 developing economies of Asia namely China, Indonesia, Malaysia, Pakistan, Philippines and Thailand, using data from 1996 to 2011. Panel Model has been assessed by using fixed effects technique and Generalized Method of Moments (GMM). We have found a strong positive effect of regulatory quality on level of employment in selected economies. We suggest enhancing quality of regulatory institutions to tackle the issue of wide range unemployment in developing economies like of Asia.Key Words: Regulatory Quality, Employment, Governance, Fixed Effects, Developing Economies, Institution

Transformational leadership and employee voice for product and process innovation in SMEs

Purpose – This study aims to investigate the impact of transformational leadership on the innovation ofsmall and medium enterprises (SMEs) through employee voice behaviors. Drawing from the upper echelontheory, it is hypothesized that employee voice is the mediating mechanism through which transformationalleadership affects the process and product innovation in SMEs.Design/methodology/approach – Data was collected from 169 SMEs of Pakistan through an onlineself-administered questionnaire. The proposed hypotheses were tested using partial least squares structuralequation modeling (PLS-SEM).Findings – Findings confirm that transformational leadership positively affects both process and productinnovation in SMEs and employee voice behavior mediates between these relationships.Originality/value – This research contributes to both theoretical and practical domains by providingevidence that encouraging employees to raise their voice positively impacts product and process innovationand transformational leadership is a potential organizational factor to shape employee voice and process andproduct innovation. To the best knowledge, this is the first study that investigates the mediating role ofemployee voice between transformational leadership and process and product innovation in SMEs anddeveloping country’s context

FREQUENCY OF CAROTID ATHEROSCLEROSIS IN CEREBRAL INFARCTION

Objective: To know the frequency of carotid atherosclerosis in ischaemic stroke patients in our population using color Doppler ultrasound. Methodology: This is an observational study conducted in the department of Medicine Nishtar Hospital, Multan. All the patients admitted during this duration with CT scan proof of stroke were included in the study. Risk factors in all these patients were stratified. Doppler ultrasound was performed on all patients with ischaemic stroke according to the study protocol. Results: A total of 100 patients were included in this study over a period of five months. 66% of these were having cerebral infarction. Hypertension (72%), diabetes (35%), smoking (29%) and obesity (20%) were the common risk factors. The frequency of significant carotid atherosclerosis in acute ischaemic stroke patients was 21%. Conclusion: Carotid atherosclerosis is one of the most important indicators, predictors as well as an independent risk factor in the development of ischaemic stroke. KEY WORDS: Carotid, Atherosclerosis, Doppler ultrasound

EFFICACY OF INTRAVENOUS ACETAMINOPHEN VERSUS KETAMINE FOR POSTOPERATIVE PAIN AFTER ABDOMINAL HYSTERECTOMY

Objective; To determine the efficacy of intravenous acetaminophen versus ketamine for postoperative pain after abdominal hysterectomy. Material and Methods; A total of 114 women undergoing abdominal hysterectomy were taken in this study. The study was conducted from June 2017 to May 2018 at department of Anesthesiology, Nishtar Hospital, Multan. Results; Our study comprised of 114 ladies undergoing abdominal hysterectomy, mean age of the study cases was 54.13 ± 6.89 years (with minimum age of the patients was 39 years while maximum age was 68 years). Majority of our study cases i.e. 92 (80.7 %) had parity more than 3 and American Society of Anesthesiology (ASA) score level 1 in 93 (81.6%). Sixty one (53.1%) belonged to rural areas, while mean duration of surgery was 72.80 ± 11.32 minutes. Mean BMI level in our study cases was noted to be 23.98 ±4.17 Kg/m2 and obesity was present in 34 (29.8%) of our study cases. Efficacy was noted in 60 (52.6 %) of our study cases. Efficacy was 73.7% study cases in group A while 18 (31.6%) in group B (p=0.000). Conclusion; Our study results support the use of intravenous acetaminophen (IVA) for pain management in patients undergoing abdominal hysterectomy compared with ketamine. Intravenous acetaminophen is safe, reliable and effective for the pain management in postoperative abdominal hysterectomy patients which was associated with shorter hospital stay and cost effective for the suffering families. No adverse reactions were noted in this study with the use of intravenous acetaminophen. Keywords; Intravenous acetaminophen, Ketamine, Abdominal Hysterectomy.

(2R)-2-Benzene­sulfonamido-2-phenyl­ethanoic acid: a new monoclinic polymorph

In the title compound, C14H13NO4S, a sulfonamide derivative of phenyl glycine, the aromatic rings are inclined at a dihedral angle of 28.03 (12)°. In the crystal, O—H⋯O hydrogen bonds link the molecules into chains propagating in [100] and a weak C—H⋯O interaction cross-links the chains in the c-axis direction. In the previously published polymorph, the dihedral angle between the aromatic rings is 45.52 (18)° and the structure is stabilized by three different types of ring motif

Surgical research: Exploring our history - navigating the future

In the fifteenth century, trained individuals called' barber surgeons' mastered the art of handling sharp instruments and performing basic surgical procedures. They even founded a 'United Company of Barber Surgeons' in 1540.1 Besides shaving and haircutting, they were trained to perform dental extractions and a few surgical procedures. Later in 1745, qualified doctors and surgeons came together and founded 'Company of Surgeons' in the UK, which later became the Royal College of Surgeons in London.2 This progression from anecdotal experiences of the guild of barbers to a formal society that helped the implementation of scientifically reasoned decisions by Royal College Surgeons was only possible because surgeons were able to appreciate the value of the evidence and incorporate it into their practices. Continuous..

Evaluation and optimization of supercritical cycles using CO₂ based mixtures as working fluids:A thermodynamic study

This study focuses on the thermodynamic performance analysis and optimization of CO2-based binary fluid mixtures in supercritical thermodynamic power cycles exploiting high-temperature waste heat. Response surface method is used to establish relationships between cycle performances and significant cycle parameters. Multi-objective optimization is carried out to obtain optimal solutions with higher cycle specific work and higher cycle efficiency. The analysis reveals that increasing additive molar fraction of the considered mixtures improves cycle thermodynamic performance. Among considered mixtures, the CO2-R152a mixture exhibits a higher cycle specific work and a larger cycle efficiency. For instance, in the recompression cycle configuration, the CO2-R152a mixture achieves cycle specific work of 83.9 kJ/kg and corresponding cycle efficiency of 37.2% at the optimal conditions. Comparative analysis demonstrates improved cycle-specific work for CO2-based mixtures compared to supercritical pure CO2 power cycles. In the recompression cycle configuration, the CO2-R152a mixture shows an average increase of 12 kJ/kg in cycle specific work compared to the supercritical CO2 power cycle. The simple recuperated cycle configuration exhibits an average increase of 13 kJ/kg. The utilization of these mixtures results in a substantial gain in cycle specific work, thereby contributing to enhanced energy efficiency and sustainability in high-temperature waste heat recovery applications.</p

CD14 Gene (−159 C>T) Polymorphism and its Surface Expression on Monocytes in Pulmonary Tuberculosis Patients

BACKGROUND: Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease that affects millions of people around the world. The innate immune response against TB starts by interaction of several receptors on monocytes with mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB). CD14 is one of these receptors present on the monocytes which facilitate the entry of MTB into the cell. Certain polymorphisms in CD14 gene, for example, CD14 (−159 C&gt;T) in the promotor region have suggested susceptibility of TB. AIM: This study was designed to determine and compare CD14 (−159 C&gt;T) gene polymorphism and its surface expression in pulmonary TB patients (before and during anti-TB treatment) and healthy controls. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study population comprised three groups (pulmonary TB patients before treatment, pulmonary TB patients during treatment, and healthy controls) whereas 53 blood samples were collected from each group. The percentage of monocytes and CD14 mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) was measured by flow cytometry whereas polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism was used to determine gene polymorphism. RESULTS: CD14 MFI was significantly high in healthy controls than in TB patients (432 as compared to 193 and 365, p &lt; 0.0001). There was no significant difference in CD14 single nucleotide polymorphism allele frequencies or genotypes between TB patients and healthy controls. CONCLUSION: CD14 gene (−159 C&gt;T) polymorphism was not associated with pulmonary TB disease in a sample of Pakistani population and surface expression of CD14 receptor on peripheral blood monocytes decreases with active TB disease and during treatment