Intelligent Greenhouse Monitoring and Control System Based Arduino UNO Microcontroller

Nowadays, there is a significant diminution in agricultural production due to the unpredictable control of crop climate conditions. Thus, to alleviate the crops exposure from excess cold or heat and unwanted pests, an intelligent environment monitoring and control system based Arduino UNO board consisting of ATmega 328P microcontroller has been developed for a small-scale agriculture namely greenhouse. The system user can monitor and control the greenhouse climate conditions remotely via web interface/mobile applications and GSM in a real-time manner. To deliver the environmental conditions in a timely manner, low-cost wireless sensor network (WSN) is used to monitor the temperature, humidity, soil moisture and light of the greenhouse. The sensor network constitutes a multi-hop network structure for large coverage. The developed system is implemented and tested in laboratory conditions using Proteus toolkit. Arduino Integrated Development Environment (IDE) tool is used to develop necessary software. The results show that the proposed system can closely monitor and evaluate greenhouse farming field conditions accurately. Finally, the user can send control decisions instantly to boost the yield growth conditions and thus, increase the crop production considerably

Resilient IEEE802.15.4MAC Protocol for Multi-Hop Mesh Wireless Sensor Network

The success of a modern power grid system is inevitably based on the integration of a smart data exchange amid several devices in power production, transportation, dispatching and loads. For large coverage data exhange, a distributed multi-hop mesh is structured from low voltage distribution boards to the substations. Thus, being cheap, less power intake, easy set-up and operating in a free licensed spectrum, ZigBee/IEEE802.15.4 makes the most suitable wireless protocol for communicating in power grid systems. Nevertheless, IEEE802.15.4MAC protocol lacks a mechanism to enable a multi-hop mesh network with efficient energy and quality of service (QoS). Hence, in this paper, a Multi-Hop Mesh IEEE802.15.4MAC protocol is designed for a large coverage data exchange. This developed model provides a resilient network with energy efficiency and QoS. Hence, the IEEE802.15.4 super_frame_standard_structure is modified by swapping the contention_free period (CFP) and contention_access_period (CAP) for time sensitive applications. For network resilience, a Reserved_Broadcast Duration_Slot (RB_DS) is introduced in the active super_frame standard_structure as beacon_offset reference time computation. Finally, for the network performance analysis, the developed Markov chain_Model with retry and saturated traffic regime without feedback is run on NS-2 simulator. Here, the hidden terminal problem is not considered since it is assumed that all nodes can "hear" each other. The simulation results are encouraging as the developed IEEE802.15.4MAC protocol is capable of improving the time delivery delay up to 35.7%

Improving Spectral Efficiency in Space Communications using SRRC Pulse-Shaping Technique

This paper proposes an improved spectral efficiency in space communications using square root raised cosine (SRRC) pulse-shaping technique. The proposal is necessitated by the global shortage of bandwidths confronting the wireless communication system. The major contribution of this technique is its ability to reduce the channel bandwidth and eliminate inter-symbol interference and spectral seepages with ease. This is achieved by tightly constraining wider channel bandwidths in a given frequency spectrum using SRRC pulse-shape filtering, thus eliciting more channels, higher data rates per channel and more users in the system. To authenticate the rationality of the proposed technique, MATLAB simulations are carried out under varying SRRC filter roll-off factors. The proposed technique is capable of achieving 43.76% channel bandwidth improvement, which is close to an ideal case of 50%. This is a great achievement in band-limited communication system. It is envisioned that this technique will be very helpful to designers of high performing and bandwidth efficient space communication system

Automated rescuing boat tracking system using raspberry pi

During floods, safety boats will be dispatched to help flood victims. The location tracking system is important to ensure the safety of the victim. Therefore, this project is conducted to track live locations and monitor flood survivors wirelessly. In tracking the victim’s location, a small and compact computer, called a Raspberry Piis installed on the boat and the recorded data has been uploaded online. This will help firefighters to monitor the location of the boat easily and help the victims navigate the boat to a safe place. A safety camera is installed to help firefighters monitor the situation as well. For system validation, various tests are conducted on-road, swimming pool and Panchor river in Muar, Johor, Malaysia. Hence, the performance on road is accurate. In fact, the recorded speed reading is similar to the speed measured by Google Maps. At the Pagoh Higher Education Hub (HPTP), Johor, Malaysia swimming pool, it is observed that, the faster the boat speed, the shorter the time required to complete a 50 meters trip. Finally, the river testing has shown that the boat speed increases when the boat moves in the same direction as the water current and slows down if the boat and river currents move in opposite directions

Wireless Communication Techniques, the Right Path to Smart Grid Distribution Systems: A Review

The quality and reliability of electric power supply are the key indicators for the comfort of a society. Hence, to serve customers with high quality electricity, the Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) system is being used in the distribution system (DS) for power monitoring and control. The SCADA is feed with operation data like current and voltage via Feeder_Remote Terminal_Units (FRTUs). The FRTUs are capable of triggering actions to detach the portion of DS experiencing an unusual condition. Nevertheless, the existing grids do not operate at their optimal capacity due to the usage of one way data communication installations. Thus, to optimize the operation of the legacy power distribution grids, the innovation of the state-of-the-art communication techniques play a vital role—leading to the creation of smart grid Systems. This paper reviews the development of wireless communication technologies envisioned as full-duplex information exchange medium in the on-going development of Smart Grid Systems

Adaptive Algorithm for Optimal Route Configuration in Multi-Hop Wireless Sensor Network

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) are best solutions for numerous aspects of engineering applications such as monitoring, control and surveillance of electrical plant amongst others. Autonomously, sensors will communicate with each other, collaborate, share and forward information in a multi-hop fashion without any centralized controller. To gather relevant data, the route optimization mechanism is used to solve the long routing problem and provide the shortest path amongst communicating nodes. Thus, this shortest path criterion is not suitable for WSN as it may lead to power drainage of several nodes and may cause high signaling and processing costs due to the network reconstruction. This paper proposes an optimal route configuration technique based on an adaptive genetic algorithm in which the architecture of multi-hop wireless sensor network is considered as a distributed computing infrastructure. The obtained results show that the proposed algorithm provides an optimal route configuration with the best performance in terms of evaluating the covered distance, packet loss and time delay