Software-Defined-Radio techniques against jammers for in car GNSS navigation

It is well know that jamming is an easy and low cost attack method against GNSS-based applications. In the last years these types of attacks have increased significantly due to the availability of GPS jammers that can be easily found, for example, on the internet and due to the constant growth of in-car GNSS-based applications. Usually a jamming device, also called in-car jammer, is a quite simple electronic device which emits a single frequency tone or some type of chirp signal. These types of signal can be considered as an instantaneous narrow band and can be mitigated with very simple processing, based on Short Time Fourier Transform. These considerations lead to the development of an equipment able to reduce the effect of these harmful signals over a generic GNSS receiver through a Software Defined Radio (SDR) equipment. In this paper a brief introduction to the problem is presented and a time-frequency mitigation technique is shown along with some results for a set of in-car jammers

Postoperative gastric complications in vascular patients.

Although there is no etiopathogenetic correlation between arterial diseases and gastroduodenal ulcer, a chronic gastric disease can increase postoperative morbidity and mortality, in patients with arterial diseases. Furthermore, postoperative complications due to the development of acute hemorrhagic gastritis are frequent and dangerous, even in patients without any pre-existing gastric pathology. The experience of our Department in this field is reported here, and the risk and severity of hemorrhagic complications after administration of prophylaxis in patients with arterial diseases and gastroduodenal ulcer are evaluated

Spectacular retroperitoneal impalement.

A 47-year-old woman presented with a history of an accidental fall against a glass door at home, causing a 15 cm-wide wound on the right gluteal region and hematuria. General health was good: blood pressure115/70 mmHg with a heart rate of 100 beats/min; red cell count 4.460 x103/100 mL; hemoglobin concentration 10 g/100 ml; and hematocrit 31% . Computed tomography of the thorax and abdomen (Figure) showed the presence of a foreign body penetrating the right gluteal region and extending along the retroperitoneum. The object had passed across the entire longitudinal diameter of the right kidney. A concomitant retroperitoneal hematoma in the right perirenal space and pelvis was present. At emergency laparotomy a 25cm piece of glass was extracted from the gluteal wound after right nefrectomy and suture of a 2 cm laceration of the suprarenal inferior vena cava. The postoperative course was uneventful. Impalement injuries are rare and may occur either as a result of fall or collision of the human body against an immobile object or by means of a mobile object penetrating a stationary subject. They often pose particular challenges in surgical management. Mortality for penetrating abdominal vena cava injury is 36%-66%. Admission hypotension, suprarenal vena cava injuries and association with other visceral and/or other major vascular injuries are predictive of mortality