User-Centric Deployment of Automated Program Repair at Bloomberg

Automated program repair (APR) tools have unlocked the potential for the rapid rectification of codebase issues. However, to encourage wider adoption of program repair in practice, it is necessary to address the usability concerns related to generating irrelevant or out-of-context patches. When software engineers are presented with patches they deem uninteresting or unhelpful, they are burdened with more "noise" in their workflows and become less likely to engage with APR tools in future. This paper presents a novel approach to optimally time, target, and present auto-generated patches to software engineers. To achieve this, we designed, developed, and deployed a new tool dubbed B-Assist, which leverages GitHub's Suggested Changes interface to seamlessly integrate automated suggestions into active pull requests (PRs), as opposed to creating new, potentially distracting PRs. This strategy ensures that suggestions are not only timely, but also contextually relevant and delivered to engineers most familiar with the affected code. Evaluation among Bloomberg software engineers demonstrated their preference for this approach. From our user study, B-Assist's efficacy is evident, with the acceptance rate of patch suggestions being as high as 74.56%; engineers also found the suggestions valuable, giving usefulness ratings of at least 4 out of 5 in 78.2% of cases. Further, this paper sheds light on persisting usability challenges in APR and lays the groundwork for enhancing the user experience in future APR tools

Towards Developer-Centered Automatic Program Repair:Findings from Bloomberg

This paper reports on qualitative research into automatic program repair (APR) at Bloomberg. Six focus groups were conducted with a total of seventeen participants (including both developers of the APR tool and developers using the tool) to consider: the development at Bloomberg of a prototype APR tool (Fixie); developers' early experiences using the tool; and developers' perspectives on how they would like to interact with the tool in future. APR is developing rapidly and it is important to understand in greater detail developers' experiences using this emerging technology. In this paper, we provide in-depth, qualitative data from an industrial setting. We found that the development of APR at Bloomberg had become increasingly user-centered, emphasising how fixes were presented to developers, as well as particular features, such as cus-tomisability. From the focus groups with developers who had used Fixie, we found particular concern with the pragmatic aspects of APR, such as how and when fixes were presented to them. Based on our findings, we make a series of recommendations to inform future APR development, highlighting how APR tools should 'start small', be customisable, and fit with developers' workflows. We also suggest that APR tools should capitalise on the promise of repair bots and draw on advances in explainable AI

Towards Developer-Centered Automatic Program Repair: Findings from Bloomberg

This paper reports on qualitative research into automatic program repair (APR) at Bloomberg. Six focus groups were conducted with a total of seventeen participants (including both developers of the APR tool and developers using the tool) to consider: the development at Bloomberg of a prototype APR tool (Fixie); developers' early experiences using the tool; and developers' perspectives on how they would like to interact with the tool in future. APR is developing rapidly and it is important to understand in greater detail developers' experiences using this emerging technology. In this paper, we provide in-depth, qualitative data from an industrial setting. We found that the development of APR at Bloomberg had become increasingly user-centered, emphasising how fixes were presented to developers, as well as particular features, such as cus-tomisability. From the focus groups with developers who had used Fixie, we found particular concern with the pragmatic aspects of APR, such as how and when fixes were presented to them. Based on our findings, we make a series of recommendations to inform future APR development, highlighting how APR tools should 'start small', be customisable, and fit with developers' workflows. We also suggest that APR tools should capitalise on the promise of repair bots and draw on advances in explainable AI.Output Status: Forthcomin

Towards Developer-Centered Automatic Program Repair: Findings from Bloomberg

This paper reports on qualitative research into automatic program repair (APR) at Bloomberg. Six focus groups were conducted with a total of seventeen participants (including both developers of the APR tool and developers using the tool) to consider: the development at Bloomberg of a prototype APR tool (Fixie); developers' early experiences using the tool; and developers' perspectives on how they would like to interact with the tool in future. APR is developing rapidly and it is important to understand in greater detail developers' experiences using this emerging technology. In this paper, we provide in-depth, qualitative data from an industrial setting. We found that the development of APR at Bloomberg had become increasingly user-centered, emphasising how fixes were presented to developers, as well as particular features, such as cus-tomisability. From the focus groups with developers who had used Fixie, we found particular concern with the pragmatic aspects of APR, such as how and when fixes were presented to them. Based on our findings, we make a series of recommendations to inform future APR development, highlighting how APR tools should 'start small', be customisable, and fit with developers' workflows. We also suggest that APR tools should capitalise on the promise of repair bots and draw on advances in explainable AI

Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer Thickness in Parkinson Disease

Dopaminergic neuronal cells have been identified in the inner nuclear and inner plexiform layers of the human retina. The dopaminergic content of the retina is reduced in patients with idiopathic Parkinson disease (PD). These observations led us to study the retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness in patients with PD without visual impairment compared to healthy controls using spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT). Eighty-two subjects, including 42 patients with PD, newly diagnosed and untreated (24 men, 18 women, age range: 47-66 years), and 40 healthy controls, were enrolled. Both eyes of patients with PD and controls were imaged with SD-OCT. The mean RNFL thickness was 77 - 11.5 mm in PD patients and 89 - 8.7 mm in healthy controls (P = 0.001). Selective thinning of the RNFL was found in the temporal region with mean temporal RNFL thickness of 66 - 6.7 mm in PD patients and 75 - 4.8 mm in controls (P = 0.001). The thickness of the RNFL is decreased in PD patients. Demonstrating progressi thinning of RNFL over time will be critical for validating optical coherence tomography as a viable biomarker of patients with PD

Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer Thickness in Patients With Alzheimer Disease

The aim of this study was to investigate retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness in patients with Alzheimer disease (AD) without visual impairment using spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) and to compare the results with healthy controls. A total of 80 subjects, including 40 patients with early untreated AD (mean age, 69.3 - 4.9 years) and 40 healthy controls (mean age, 68.9 - 5.1 years) were enrolled. Both eyes of patients with AD and controls were imaged using SD-OCT. The average RNFL thickness was significantly less in the AD patients than in controls (65 - 6.2 mm vs 75 - 3.8mm; P = 0.001). There was selective thinning of the RNFL in the superior quadrant, the mean superior quadrant RNFL thickness being 76 - 6.7 mm in AD patients and 105 - 4.8 mm in controls (P = 0.001). In our study, the thickness of RNFL in patient with AD was lower than that of controls. This suggests that SD- OCT has the potential to be used in the early diagnosis of AD as well as in the study of therapeutic agents Further studies are needed to validate this technology as a viable ocular biomarker over time in AD

Serum paraoxonase and arylesterase activity and oxidative status in patients with multiple sclerosis

yilmaz, adnan/0000-0001-9769-9791; yilmaz, adnan/0000-0003-4842-1173WOS: 000322500300011PubMed: 23669169The aim of this study was to investigate serum paraoxonase and arylesterase activities, and to determine oxidative status via the measurement of total oxidant status (TOS), total antioxidant status (TAS) and the oxidative stress index (OSI) in patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS). Results were compared with data from healthy controls. A total of 60 subjects, including 30 newly diagnosed and untreated patients with RRMS (20 females, 10 males, 18-40 years of age) and 30 healthy controls (20 female, 10 male 20-40 years of age) were enrolled in this study. the oxidative status of the RRMS patients was measured by TOS, TAS and estimation of the OSI was made by a new automated method. Paraoxonase (PON1) and arylesterase activities were measured spectrophotometrically. TAS levels of RRMS patients were significantly lower than that of controls (p 0.05). There was no correlation between serum PON1 activity and OSI in patients with RRMS (p > 0.05). Hypercholesterolemia was not observed in multiple sclerosis patients. in conclusion, although the mechanism underlying the significant reduction of TAS levels of multiple sclerosis patients compared with those of controls is unknown, the results imply that endogenous antioxidants may have been exhausted by increased oxidative stress and we believe that additional antioxidant treatment might be beneficial for these patients. Crown Copyright (C) 2012 Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved

Evaluation of Peripapillary Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer Thickness in Patients With Vitamin B12 Deficiency Using Spectral Domain Optical Coherence Tomography

WOS: 000318646600009PubMed: 23317171Purpose: To compare peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thicknesses measured by Cirrus HD optical coherence tomography (OCT) of patients with vitamin B12 deficiency with healthy controls and to evaluate the correlation between the peripapillary RNFL thickness and plasma vitamin B12 levels. Materials and Methods: Forty-five patients (19 male and 26 female) with a diagnosis of vitamin B12 deficiency (patient group) and 45 age-and sex-matched healthy subjects (control group) were consecutively enrolled in this study. Average, temporal, nasal, inferior, and superior quadrant peripapillary RNFL thicknesses of each subject were obtained using the Cirrus HD OCT. Disc area (DA) and rim area (RA), central subfield thickness (CST), cube volume (CV), and cube average thickness (CAT) were also measured. Results: Mean age of each group was 33.1 +/- 6.5 years (range: 21-45 years). Mean plasma vitamin B12 level was 114.8 +/- 34.0 pg/mL in the patient group and was 405.1 +/- 20.0 pg/mL in the control group (p < 0.001). the patient and control groups were similar regarding axial length, plasma folate levels, DA, RA, CST, CV, CAT, and RNFL thicknesses in superior, nasal, and inferior quadrants. However, average RNFL and RNFL in temporal quadrant were significantly thinner in the patient group than in the control group (p = 0.013 and p < 0.001, respectively). in addition, temporal (r = 0.356, p = 0.001) and average (r = 0.212, p = 0.045) peripapillary RNFL thicknesses were correlated with plasma vitamin B12 levels. Conclusion: We have shown that, as in other non-glaucomatous optic neuropathies, temporal quadrant RNFL thickness was thinner in patients with vitamin B12 deficiency and it was correlated with plasma vitamin B12 levels. Further studies are warranted to clarify the clinical relevance of these findings and the effects of vitamin B12 replacement therapy

The relationship between evolutionary coupling and defects in large industrial software (journal-first abstract)

In this study, we investigate the effect of EC on the defect-proneness of large industrial software systems and explain why the effects vary

T Ü RK Bİ Y O K İM YA DE R N E Ğ İ D ERGİS İ 1976 ORJİNAL 1. ÖRNEK 2. ÖRNEK

ABSTRACT Objective: Arterial hypertension is often associated with pathologies related with oxidative stress. Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors have been used as a safe and effective treatment of hypertension and coronary heart disease. However, the significance of ACE inhibitor usage in hypertension-induced cerebrovascular and neurodegenerative diseases is still unknown. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effects of lisinopril, an ACE inhibitor, on oxidative stress and antioxidant enzyme activities in brain tissues of rats with L-NAME (N ω -Nitro-L-Arginine Methyl Ester hydrochloride) induced hypertension. Methods: Thirty-two Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into four groups: Control, L-NAME, L-NAME plus lisinopril, and only lisinopril. Hypertension was induced by oral administration of the L-NAME (75 mg/kg/day) in drinking water for 6 weeks. Rats were treated with Lisinopril (10 mg/kg/day) for six weeks. Systolic blood pressures were measured at the first, third and sixth weeks by using tail cuff method. Malondialdehyde (MDA), Superoxide dismutase (SOD), Catalase (CAT) and Glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity were measured from the brain tissue. Nitric oxide (NO) levels were measured from plasma. Results: Our results showed that L-NAME leads to an increase in systolic blood pressure of animals. The antihypertensive effect of lisinopril was observed. MDA level was significantly increased, and antioxidant enzymes activities were decreased in L-NAME given group (p&lt;0.05). However, there was no statistically significant differences between the lisinopril given and other groups according to antioxidant enzymes activities (p&gt;0.05). Conclusion: In our study, hypertension led to oxidative damage in brain tissues. Although lisinopril prevents the hypertension induced oxidative damage, direct antioxidant effect was not observed. Further studies are needed in order to gain certainty effect of lisinopril in brain tissue