Manage or Being Managed? Towards a Dual Perspective on Boundary Management in Digital Innovation Teams

To achieve better and faster digital innovations, organizations rely on self-managing teams. Boundary management refers to activities that bridge boundaries between different entities. It can foster the effectiveness of self-managing teams, especially in highly digitized working contexts, since virtual collaboration fosters fluid team boundaries. Prior work considers external leaders as responsible for boundary management. However, the increased relevance of self-managing teams also raises the question of how team members can engage in boundary management and how their behaviors relate to leaders’ behaviors. Conducting a qualitative multiple case study with 27 digital innovation workers from three different industries, we identified four categories of boundary management behaviors that self-managing digital innovation teams engage in: fostering psychological safety, exploring through experimentation, building networks, and acting with autonomy. As we demonstrate, these team behaviors complement existing leader behaviors and suggest a dual perspective of boundary management in digital innovation teams

Developmental and tissue-specific expression of the Q5k gene

Expression of the Q5k gene was examined by northern blot analysis and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in the AKR mouse and various cell lines, each of the H-2k haplotype. Our results show that Q5k mRNA is present during the whole postimplantational development of the AKR embryo/fetus (gestation day 6 to 15). In the juvenile mouse (week 2 to 4) transcription of the Q5k gene persisted in all organs examined. In contrast, in the adult animal expression of the Q5k gene was limited to the thymus and uterus of the pregnant mouse. Upon malignant transformation, the amount of Q5k-specific mRNA increased dramatically in thymus and could also be observed in the spleen of thymoma bearing animals. Expression of the Q5k gene was also detectable in several transformed mouse cell lines. Mitogen stimulation or treatment with cytokines induced Q5k expression in primary spleen cell cultures. A possible explanation for the tissue-restricted expression in the adult AKR mouse is discussed

Expected and Unexpected Features of the Newly Discovered Bat Influenza A-like Viruses

Citation: Ma, W. J., Garcia-Sastre, A., & Schwemmle, M. (2015). Expected and Unexpected Features of the Newly Discovered Bat Influenza A-like Viruses. Plos Pathogens, 11(6), 6. doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.1004819Influenza A viruses (IAVs) are important zoonotic pathogens that cause epidemic outbreaks in poultry, wild birds, swine, and other mammals. In humans, IAVs cause severe respiratory illness, and zoonotic transmission of IAVs from avian reservoirs poses a constant threat to the public health, as exemplified by the recent outbreak of an avian IAV of the H7N9 subtype [1]. Aquatic birds are considered to be the major reservoir of IAVs, and 16 hemagglutinin (HA) and nine neuraminidase (NA) viral subtypes have been isolated from avian species to date. It is now well documented that from time to time IAVs overcome the species barrier and establish new lineages in other animals, including domestic animals, sea mammals, and humans (Fig 1). Our understanding of IAVs was recently challenged by the identification of two novel genome sequences of influenza A-like viruses from bat specimens by next-generation sequencing. These viruses were provisionally designated "H17N10" (from yellow-shouldered fruit bats [Sturnira lilium] in Guatemala) and "H18N11" (from flat-faced fruit bats [Artibeus planirostris] in Peru) [2,3], which might signal an expansion of IAV host range (Fig 1)

Characterization of the major nuclear localization signal of the Borna disease virus phosphoprotein

Borna disease virus (BDV) replicates and transcribes its negative-sense RNA genome in the nucleus. The BDV phosphoprotein (P) is localized in the nucleus of infected cells and cells transfected with P expression constructs. To identify the nuclear localization signal (NLS) of P, COS- 7 cells were transfected with wild-type or mutant forms of P fused with green fluorescent protein (GFP). Whereas GFP alone was exclusively cytoplasmic, P or P-GFP were nuclear. Analysis of carboxy- and amino- terminal truncation mutants of P indicated that amino acids (aa) 20-37 are sufficient to promote efficient nuclear accumulation of the fusion protein. Residual nuclear import of GFP was observed with portions of P including aa 33-134 or aa 134-201, suggesting the presence of additional NLS motifs. The major NLS of P appears to be bipartite. It consists of two basic aa domains, R22RER25 and R30PRKIPR36, separated by four non-basic aa, S26GSP29

Frontiers of (Pareto) optimal and sustainable water management for hydropower and ecology

River regulation alters the natural flow regime of streams with consequent impacts on terrestrial and aquatic habitats of the riparian zone. The severity of such impacts can be modulated by changing the redistribution rules at water intakes and reservoirs. Contrary to minimal-flow policies, non-proportional and proportional redistribution policies result in variable environmental flow releases, namely Dynamic Environmental Flows (DEFs), which improve the global (i.e., ecological and economic) efficiency of water use practice, e.g., for energy production. DEF assessment is based on different indicators. However, the choice and aggregation method of different hydrological and fish habitat indicators affects the assessment of the global power plant performance, i.e., the Frontier of efficient solutions (sensu Pareto). This study investigates DEF assessment, and shows the extent to which the choice and method of aggregation of different indicators impacts the Frontier of Pareto-efficient solutions. The findings are supported by six case studies of hydropower practice that differ in terms of river morphology, energy production amount and technique. The relative importance of several types of indicators is examined as is their influence on optimal and sustainable water allocation solutions that lie on the Pareto Frontier. The analysis shows that DEFs arising from either proportional or non-proportional redistribution rules can positively impact strategies of sustainable management of freshwater resources

The repair of thorax defects with the transposition of omentum

Torakstaki değişik plastik cerrahi yöntemleri ile iyileşmeyen geniş yaralar, defekt ve osteomyelitler omentum transpozisyonu sayesinde problemsiz ve kısa süre içerisinde tedavi edilebilirler. Justus Liebig Üniversitesi Giessen Tıp Fakültesi Genel Cerrahi Kliniğinde 1977 ile 1981 seneleri arasında 11 hastamızda omentum transpozisyonunu uyguladık. Bir hastamızı postoperatif devrede akciğer embolisi nedeniyle kaybettik. Diğer hastalarımızın hepsini yaraları iyileşmiş olarak taburcu ettik. Kanımızca diğer plastik cerrahi metodlarının kullanılamayacağı veya başarısız kaldığı vakalarda, omentum majus'un üstün immünolojik aktivitesi, mobilizasyonu ve kanlanması yaranın komplikasyonsuzca onarımını sağlar.Large wounds, defects and osteomyelitis in the thorax, that are not healed with various plastic and reconstructive methods, can be repaired by transposition of omentum. In the surgical clinics of Giessen, University of Justus-Liebig, from 1977 to 1981, we applied omentum transposition to 11 patients. One patient is died in the postoperative period from pulmonary embolism. All other patients are discharged from the hospital with their lesions healed completely. We think that, in the cases, in which other plastic and reconstructive methods are not available or unsuccessful, omentum, with its great immunologic activity, mobilization and survival ability, makes the successful repair of the lesion without complication.Justus Liebig Üniversites