Genetic diversity of red clover varieties listed in Germany concerning the resistance to Southern Anthracnose

Rotklee ist als essentielles Fruchtfolgeglied speziell im ökologischen Landbau unentbehrlich. Resistente Sorten wären im Falle einer Ausbreitung der Pilzkrankheit Anthracnose von zentraler Bedeutung

Sind Ökotypen von Welschem Weidelgras für den Ökolandbau besser geeignet als Zuchtsorten?

Ten ecotype populations of Italian ryegrass collected in permanent grassland in different regions of Switzerland were compared to two currently recommended cultivars in plot trials under both organic and conventional conditions. On average, the ecotypes had similar yields as the cultivars under organic conditions, but significantly outyielded them under conventional conditions. However, some of the best ecotype populations appeared to be also very suitable for organic agriculture. All ecotypes were extremely susceptible to crown rust. Therefore, targeted selection is needed to exploit their potential for use in organic agriculture

Resistenz der in Deutschland zugelassenen Rotkleesorten gegen den Erreger des Südlichen Stängelbrenners (Colletotrichum trifolii)

Die Pilzkrankheit Anthracnose an Rotklee scheint in Deutschland an Bedeutung zu gewinnen. Zur Identifizierung widerstandsfähiger Rotkleesorten wurde ein Resistenztest im Gewächshaus durchgeführt. Auch andere Futterleguminosen wurden erstmals in diesen Test integriert. Die getesteten Rotkleesorten differenzieren deutlich hinsichtlich ihrer Anfälligkeit. Die Überlebensrate der Pflanzen schwankte zwischen 29 und 81 %. Unter den alternativen Futterpflanzenarten zeigten sich die getesteten Sorten von Weißklee, Hornklee und Esparsette als resistent, wohingegen die geprüfte Gelbkleesorte anfällig war. Bei Luzerne und Inkarnatklee traten Sortenunterschiede auf. Diese Ergebnisse wurden im Rahmen des vom BÖLN finanzierten Forschungsvorhabens FKZ 06OE161 ermittelt

Verbesserung der Resistenz von Rotklee gegen Colletotrichum trifolii durch rekurrente Selektion

Southern Anthracnose, a fungal disease of red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) caused by Colletotrichum trifolii, seems to gain more importance in agriculture in Germany. This investigation should examine whether there is a simple possibility to increase the resistance in cultivars or breeding material through recurrent selection. Six red clover cultivars listed in Germany were used for this study. The survival rate after one and two cycles of recurrent selection was increased by 17 and 26 percentage points compared to the parental population. The advance in resistance generally was higher in populations with lower original resistance

Steigerung der Anthracnoseresistenz von Rotklee durch rekurrente Selektion

Einleitung und Problemstellung Anthracnose (Colletotrichum trifolii) hat in den letzten Jahren als Krankheit an Rotklee an Bedeutung gewonnen. Diese Pilzkrankheit kann zu einem erheblichen Verlust von Rotkleepflanzen in Rein- und Mischbeständen mit Gräsern führen. Falls es zu einem vermehrten Auftreten dieser Krankheit auf landwirtschaftlich genutzten Flächen kommt, wäre der Einsatz von Sorten mit einer hohen Resistenz ein vielversprechender Ansatz, um die Grundfutterversorgung, aber auch die Stickstoffversorgung v.a. ökologisch wirtschaftender, viehloser Betriebe abzusichern. Durch die Züchtung von resistenten Sorten spielt die Krankheit bei Rotklee in den USA nur noch eine untergeordnete Rolle. In der vorliegenden Untersuchung sollte geprüft werden, ob die Methode der rekurrenten Selektion für eine Anhebung des Resistenzniveaus von Rotkleepopulationen genutzt werden kann

Breeding Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) in Mixture with Grasses

Cultivation of forage mixtures offers several advantages over monocultures, but forage legumes like alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) are mostly bred in pure stands. Our goal was to assess the extent of accession-by-cultivation system interaction when alfalfa plants are grown in pure stands or in an easily adaptable nursery system together with their companion grasses, thereby determining the system most suitable for selection in mixture. Spaced plants of 50 alfalfa accessions were grown on bare soil as control treatment (CONV), in a sown sward of short growing lawn cultivars of tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) and red fescue (F. rubra L.) (LAWN), and in a sown sward of taller forage cultivars of the same species (FORA). Accession-by-cultivation system interaction variances were large for growth habit but small for vigor. Phenotypic correlation coefficients (rp) among the cultivation systems were high for vigor, whereby LAWN was somewhat more predictive for FORA (rp, FORA−LAWN = 0.83) than CONV (rp, FORA−CONV = 0.77). Observed accession-by-genotype interactions can be used pro or contra necessity for selection in mixture. However, the LAWN cultivation system might be a good compromise for practical breeding, allowing to account for given competition effects among species and to easily assess traits in the nursery

Les droits disciplinaires des fonctions publiques : « unification », « harmonisation » ou « distanciation ». A propos de la loi du 26 avril 2016 relative à la déontologie et aux droits et obligations des fonctionnaires

The production of tt‾ , W+bb‾ and W+cc‾ is studied in the forward region of proton–proton collisions collected at a centre-of-mass energy of 8 TeV by the LHCb experiment, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 1.98±0.02 fb−1 . The W bosons are reconstructed in the decays W→ℓν , where ℓ denotes muon or electron, while the b and c quarks are reconstructed as jets. All measured cross-sections are in agreement with next-to-leading-order Standard Model predictions.The production of $t\overline{t}$, $W+b\overline{b}$ and $W+c\overline{c}$ is studied in the forward region of proton-proton collisions collected at a centre-of-mass energy of 8 TeV by the LHCb experiment, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 1.98 $\pm$ 0.02 \mbox{fb}^{-1}. The $W$ bosons are reconstructed in the decays $W\rightarrow\ell\nu$, where $\ell$ denotes muon or electron, while the $b$ and $c$ quarks are reconstructed as jets. All measured cross-sections are in agreement with next-to-leading-order Standard Model predictions

Physics case for an LHCb Upgrade II - Opportunities in flavour physics, and beyond, in the HL-LHC era

The LHCb Upgrade II will fully exploit the flavour-physics opportunities of the HL-LHC, and study additional physics topics that take advantage of the forward acceptance of the LHCb spectrometer. The LHCb Upgrade I will begin operation in 2020. Consolidation will occur, and modest enhancements of the Upgrade I detector will be installed, in Long Shutdown 3 of the LHC (2025) and these are discussed here. The main Upgrade II detector will be installed in long shutdown 4 of the LHC (2030) and will build on the strengths of the current LHCb experiment and the Upgrade I. It will operate at a luminosity up to 2×1034 cm−2s−1, ten times that of the Upgrade I detector. New detector components will improve the intrinsic performance of the experiment in certain key areas. An Expression Of Interest proposing Upgrade II was submitted in February 2017. The physics case for the Upgrade II is presented here in more depth. CP-violating phases will be measured with precisions unattainable at any other envisaged facility. The experiment will probe b → sl+l−and b → dl+l− transitions in both muon and electron decays in modes not accessible at Upgrade I. Minimal flavour violation will be tested with a precision measurement of the ratio of B(B0 → μ+μ−)/B(Bs → μ+μ−). Probing charm CP violation at the 10−5 level may result in its long sought discovery. Major advances in hadron spectroscopy will be possible, which will be powerful probes of low energy QCD. Upgrade II potentially will have the highest sensitivity of all the LHC experiments on the Higgs to charm-quark couplings. Generically, the new physics mass scale probed, for fixed couplings, will almost double compared with the pre-HL-LHC era; this extended reach for flavour physics is similar to that which would be achieved by the HE-LHC proposal for the energy frontier

LHCb upgrade software and computing : technical design report

This document reports the Research and Development activities that are carried out in the software and computing domains in view of the upgrade of the LHCb experiment. The implementation of a full software trigger implies major changes in the core software framework, in the event data model, and in the reconstruction algorithms. The increase of the data volumes for both real and simulated datasets requires a corresponding scaling of the distributed computing infrastructure. An implementation plan in both domains is presented, together with a risk assessment analysis