Ahorro energético en el consumo de gas residencial mediante aislamiento térmico en la construcción

Se determinaron los coeficientes volumétricos de pérdidas de calor, tanto en una vivienda “tipo casa” como en otra “tipo edificio”, considerando tres sistemas constructivos diferentes utilizados frecuentemente en el país. Se verificaron luego éstos mismos, pero aislando el techo y los muros con 3” y 2” respectivamente, de un aislante térmico convencional de conductividad media. Además, se cambiaron las carpinterías de vidrio simple por doble vidriado hermético. La tipología utilizada es una vivienda de 3 ambientes de aproximadamente 60 m² de superficie; obtenida como promedio de datos del Censo 2001, como así también de las cantidades de viviendas tipo “Hogares Casas” y tipo “Hogares Departamentos” relevados en cada Provincia. La demanda de gas en millones de m³ por día, destinada a calefacción para uso residencial y la cantidad de usuarios registrados, correspondientes al año 2006, fueron recabadas de ENARGAS. Como resultado, se estimó un ahorro de aproximadamente 40% aislando muros y techos; valor que puede superar el 50% si también se emplea doble vidriado hermético en las carpinterías.Volumetric heat loss coefficient was determined not only for a detached house but also for a unit in an apartment building. Three different construction systems usually used in our country were considered. Then, the same construction systems with added conventional 3” roof insulation and 2” wall insulation of medium thermal conductivity were analyzed. In addition, single glazing windows were changed for insulated double glazing ones. The pattern is a housing consisting of three rooms about 60 m² obtained as average from Census 2001 data, as well as the amount of single-unit and multi-unit dwellings taken form data of each Province. Daily gas demand for residential use, in millions of m³, and amount of registered users, were obtained from ENARGAS during 2006. As a result, savings of about 40% were obtained by roof and wall insulation; this value may exceed 50% if insulated double glazing windows are used.Asociación Argentina de Energías Renovables y Medio Ambiente (ASADES

Ahorro energético en el consumo de gas residencial mediante aislamiento térmico en la construcción

Se determinaron los coeficientes volumétricos de pérdidas de calor, tanto en una vivienda “tipo casa” como en otra “tipo edificio”, considerando tres sistemas constructivos diferentes utilizados frecuentemente en el país. Se verificaron luego éstos mismos, pero aislando el techo y los muros con 3” y 2” respectivamente, de un aislante térmico convencional de conductividad media. Además, se cambiaron las carpinterías de vidrio simple por doble vidriado hermético. La tipología utilizada es una vivienda de 3 ambientes de aproximadamente 60 m² de superficie; obtenida como promedio de datos del Censo 2001, como así también de las cantidades de viviendas tipo “Hogares Casas” y tipo “Hogares Departamentos” relevados en cada Provincia. La demanda de gas en millones de m³ por día, destinada a calefacción para uso residencial y la cantidad de usuarios registrados, correspondientes al año 2006, fueron recabadas de ENARGAS. Como resultado, se estimó un ahorro de aproximadamente 40% aislando muros y techos; valor que puede superar el 50% si también se emplea doble vidriado hermético en las carpinterías.Volumetric heat loss coefficient was determined not only for a detached house but also for a unit in an apartment building. Three different construction systems usually used in our country were considered. Then, the same construction systems with added conventional 3” roof insulation and 2” wall insulation of medium thermal conductivity were analyzed. In addition, single glazing windows were changed for insulated double glazing ones. The pattern is a housing consisting of three rooms about 60 m² obtained as average from Census 2001 data, as well as the amount of single-unit and multi-unit dwellings taken form data of each Province. Daily gas demand for residential use, in millions of m³, and amount of registered users, were obtained from ENARGAS during 2006. As a result, savings of about 40% were obtained by roof and wall insulation; this value may exceed 50% if insulated double glazing windows are used.Asociación Argentina de Energías Renovables y Medio Ambiente (ASADES

Children's vomiting following posterior fossa surgery: A retrospective study

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Nausea and vomiting is a problem for children after neurosurgery and those requiring posterior fossa procedures appear to have a high incidence. This clinical observation has not been quantified nor have risk factors unique to this group of children been elucidated.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>A six year retrospective chart audit at two Canadian children's hospitals was conducted. The incidence of nausea and vomiting was extracted. Hierarchical multivariable logistic regression was used to quantify risk and protective factors at 120 hours after surgery and early vs. late vomiting.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>The incidence of vomiting over a ten day postoperative period was 76.7%. Documented vomiting ranged from single events to greater than 20 over the same period. In the final multivariable model: adolescents (age 12 to <17) were less likely to vomit by 120 hours after surgery than other age groups; those who received desflurane, when compared to all other volatile anesthetics, were more likely to vomit, yet the use of ondansetron with desflurane decre kelihood. Children who had intraoperative ondansetron were more likely to vomit in the final multivariable model (perhaps because of its use, in the clinical judgment of the anesthesiologist, for children considered at risk). Children who started vomiting in the first 24 hours were more likely to be school age (groups 4 to <7 and 7 to <12) and receive desflurane. Nausea was not well documented and was therefore not analyzed.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>The incidence of vomiting in children after posterior fossa surgery is sufficient to consider all children requiring these procedures to be at high risk for POV. Nausea requires better assessment and documentation.</p

The epidemiology of chronic pain in Libya: a cross-sectional telephone survey.

BACKGROUND: Chronic pain is a public health problem although there is a paucity of prevalence data from countries in the Middle East and North Africa. The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of chronic pain and neuropathic pain in a sample of the general adult population in Libya. METHODS: A cross-sectional telephone survey was conducted before the onset of the Libyan Civil War (February 2011) on a sample of self-declared Libyans who had a landline telephone and were at least 18 years of age. Random sampling of household telephone number dialling was undertaken in three major cities and interviews conducted using an Arabic version of the Structured Telephone Interviews Questionnaire on Chronic Pain previously used to collect data in Europe. In addition, an Arabic version of S-LANSS was used. 1212 individuals were interviewed (response rate = 95.1 %, mean age = 37.8 ± 13.9 years, female = 54.6 %). RESULTS: The prevalence of chronic pain ≥ 3 months was 19.6 % (95 % CI 14.6 % to 24.6 %) with a mean ± SD duration of pain of 6 · 5 ± 5 · 7 years and a higher prevalence for women. The prevalence of neuropathic pain in the respondents reporting chronic pain was 19 · 7 % (95 % CI 14 · 6-24 · 7), equivalent to 3 · 9 % (95 % CI 2 · 8 to 5 · 0 %) of the general adult population. Only, 71 (29 · 8 %) of respondents reported that their pain was being adequately controlled. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of chronic pain in the general adult population of Libya was approximately 20 % and comparable with Europe and North America. This suggests that chronic pain is a public health problem in Libya. Risk factors are being a woman, advanced age and unemployment. There is a need for improved health policies in Libya to ensure that patients with chronic pain receive effective management

The pot calling the kettle black: the extent and type of errors in a computerized immunization registry and by parent report

Article deposited according to agreement with BMC, December 2, 2010 and according to publisher policies: http://www.biomedcentral.com/about/copyright February 19, 2014Funding provided by the Open Access Authors Fund.Ye

Research Funding for Pain in Canada

Chronic pain is an escalating public health problem. There are inadequate resources to assist patients suffering with pain in Canada. Therefore, it is important that research examining novel and appropriate treatment for chronic pain is conducted. To determine the current level of research funding for pain in Canada, the Canadian Pain Society conducted a survey. Of 79 active researchers performing pain-related studies, 65 received funding in the past five years amounting to a total of approximately $80.9 million. This is less than 1% of the total funding from the Canadian Institutes of Health Research and 0.25% of the total funding for health research.Peer Reviewe

Research funding for pain in Canada

Chronic pain is an escalating public health problem. There are inadequate resources to assist patients suffering with pain in Canada. Therefore, it is important that research examining novel and appropriate treatment for chronic pain is conducted. To determine the current level of research funding for pain in Canada, the Canadian Pain Society conducted a survey. Of 79 active researchers performing pain-related studies, 65 received funding in the past five years amounting to a total of approximately $80.9 million. This is less than 1% of the total funding from the Canadian Institutes of Health Research and 0.25% of the total funding for health research