Novel regulation of mitotic exit by the Cdc42 effectors Gic1 and Gic2

Copyright @ The Rockefeller University PressThe guanine nucleotide exchange factor Cdc24, the GTPase Cdc42, and the Cdc42 effectors Cla4 and Ste20, two p21-activated kinases, form a signal transduction cascade that promotes mitotic exit in yeast. We performed a genetic screen to identify components of this pathway. Two related bud cortex–associated Cdc42 effectors, Gic1 and Gic2, were obtained as factors that promoted mitotic exit independently of Ste20. The mitotic exit function of Gic1 was dependent on its activation by Cdc42 and on the release of Gic1 from the bud cortex. Gic proteins became essential for mitotic exit when activation of the mitotic exit network through Cdc5 polo kinase and the bud cortex protein Lte1 was impaired. The mitotic exit defect of cdc5-10 Δlte1 Δgic1 Δgic2 cells was rescued by inactivation of the inhibiting Bfa1-Bub2 GTPase-activating protein. Moreover, Gic1 bound directly to Bub2 and prevented binding of the GTPase Tem1 to Bub2. We propose that in anaphase the Cdc42-regulated Gic proteins trigger mitotic exit by interfering with Bfa1-Bub2 GTPase-activating protein function.The work of E. Schiebel is supported by Cancer Research UK

Cruise Report R.V. POSEIDON POS308

06.03.-22.03.200

The impact of food preservation on food waste

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate the relationship between food preservation and reducing consumer waste is of value in developing sustainable meal options. The research reports insights into Austrian marketplace for frozen and fresh foods that have been obtained from a consumer survey. Design/methodology/approach – The consumer survey methodologies indicate how preservation can change meal planning and lower food waste across frozen and fresh and ambient food purchases using freezing preservation methods. Findings – The results show food waste can be reduced by six-fold when frozen foods are compared with fresh foods. Research limitations/implications – This study highlights the requirement for a greater understanding of the probability that specific foods will be wasted with respect to the frequency of purchase. This is a limitation of the current study that has been investigated by other researchers. Practical implications – This research has enabled the identification of different food waste amounts for different food product categories. The data presented could be used to guide food product development so that less consumer waste is produced. Social implications – The research suggests a decision matrix approach can be used to can guide new product development and a model of this matrix is presented so that it may provide fit-for-purpose food preservation options for consumers. Originality/value – This paper will continue to highlight the overlooked value of food preservation during processing and manufacturing of foods and their preparation in households

The impact of food preservation on food waste

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate the relationship between food preservation and reducing consumer waste is of value in developing sustainable meal options. The research reports insights into Austrian marketplace for frozen and fresh foods that have been obtained from a consumer survey. Design/methodology/approach – The consumer survey methodologies indicate how preservation can change meal planning and lower food waste across frozen and fresh and ambient food purchases using freezing preservation methods. Findings – The results show food waste can be reduced by six-fold when frozen foods are compared with fresh foods. Research limitations/implications – This study highlights the requirement for a greater understanding of the probability that specific foods will be wasted with respect to the frequency of purchase. This is a limitation of the current study that has been investigated by other researchers. Practical implications – This research has enabled the identification of different food waste amounts for different food product categories. The data presented could be used to guide food product development so that less consumer waste is produced. Social implications – The research suggests a decision matrix approach can be used to can guide new product development and a model of this matrix is presented so that it may provide fit-for-purpose food preservation options for consumers. Originality/value – This paper will continue to highlight the overlooked value of food preservation during processing and manufacturing of foods and their preparation in households

Determination of the Rocking Curve and Reflection Efficiency of a Quartz Crystal X-ray Imager

A spherically curved Bragg crystal was characterized for use in experiments utilizing the Kα emissions of higher Z materials than current crystals allow. The National Synchrotron Light Source at Brookhaven National Laboratory was used to study the crystal with x-rays of energies 15.6909 keV, 16.5210 keV, 17.4793 keV, and 22.1629 keV corresponding to Zr Kα2, Nb Kα2, Mo Kα1 and Ag Kα2 emissions, respectively. The crystal was then used to image the Kα emission from a Zr target irradiated using the multi-terawatt laser at the University of Rochester. In conclusion the crystal was a successful diagnostic, and provided the first ever image of Zr Kα radiation.United States of America Department of EnergyNo embarg

Occurrence of pteropods in a deep eastern Arabian Sea core: Neotectonic implications

This paper reports pteropod shells (aragonitic) at 100, 200, 270-277 and 470 cm sediment depths in a core (EAST) recovered from 3820 m deep water from the eastern Arabian Sea. Ages of the four stratigraphic levels showing pteropod presence are estimated as 29, 52, 70-72 and 127 kyr. In normal circumstances microfaunal assemblages of this core are expected to be devoid of pteropod shells because the site is situated far below (∼ 3.5 km) the Aragonite Compensation Depth. Therefore, the recorded pteropod shells are exotic to the location and may have been transported from the shallower depths by the turbidity currents. The plausible reason for the preservation of aragonitic shells at such greater depth appears to be quick burial of pteropods resulting from large-scale vigorous slumping triggered by neotectonic activity

Identification and Characterisation of Technological Topics in the Field of Molecular Biology

This paper focuses on methodological approaches for characterising the specific topics within a technological field based on scientific literature data. We introduce a diachronic clustering analysis approach and some bibliometric indicators. The results are visualised with the software-tool Stanalyst [1]. We are applying our methods to the field "Molecular Biology". This field has grown a great deal in the last decade

Modern planktic foraminifera

Planktic foraminifers are marine protozoans with calcareous Shells and chambered tests. They first appeared in the mid-Jurassic and spread since the mid-Cretaceous over all the world’s oceans. Modern planktic foraminifers evolved since the early Tertiary, when the first spinose species occurred. Most species live in the surface to sub-thermocline layer of the open ocean, and in marginal seas like the Mediterranean, Caribbean, South China Sea, and Red Sea. Planktic foraminifers are absent in shallow marginal seas, for example, the North Sea. Planktic foraminifers respond to food, temperature and chemistry of the ambient seawater. Species abundance varies according to seasons, water masses, and water depths. Symbiont-bearing species depend on light and are restricted to the euphotic zone. Planktic foraminifers constitute a minor portion of total Zooplankton, but are major producers of marine calcareous particles (shells) deposited on the ocean floor where they form the so-called foraminiferal ooze.Planktic foraminifers contribute substantially to the fossil record of marine Sediments and are of high ecologic, paleoceanographic, and stratigraphic significance since the mid-Cretaceous. Radiocarbon (14C) gives an absolute age of shell formation within late Pleistocene and Holocene Sediments. Factors that determine the modern faunal composition are applied to Interpretation of the fossil assemblages, for example, by multiple regression techniques (transfer functions) to yield an estimate on ancient environmental parameters. The chemical composition of the calcareous shell (stable isotopes and trace elements) holds clues to the chemical and physical State of the ambient seawater and is useful in the reconstruction of temperature, chemical State, and biological productivity of the ancient marine environment

Das Beschäftigungsvolumen: Personen, Fälle, Dauer : ein neues Konzept und Ergebnisse zur Analyse regionaler Arbeitsmärkte

"Das Beschäftigungsvolumen, seine Entwicklung und seine Verteilung (sowie die daran unmittelbar geknüpften Möglichkeiten des Einkommenserwerbs) gehören zu den zentralen Indikatoren der Arbeitsmarktanalyse. Anders als bei bisher üblichen Bestandszählungen werden konjunkturell oder strukturell bedingte Veränderungen der Stromgrößen oder der Dauer miterfaßt. Aus dem Zusammenspiel der einzelnen Komponenten (Personen-Fälle-Dauer) entsteht ein Bild von der 'inneren Struktur' des Beschäftigungsvolumens und von der Dynamik der Anpassungsprozesse. Zum ersten Mal stehen nun solche Informationen zum Beschäftigungsvolumen, seiner Struktur und seiner Entwicklung in tiefer regionaler Gliederung zur Verfügung. Neben der Gesamtzahl an Personen, die in einem Jahr entweder Beschäftigung hatten oder fanden, der Zahl aller Beschäftigungsverhältnisse, kann die Analyse zeigen, wieviele Personen ganzjährig beschäftigt waren, wieviele mehrere Beschäftigungsverhältnisse hatten (nacheinander, gleichzeitig oder nach Unterbrechnungen, in einer oder mehreren Regionen bzw. Wirtschaftszweigen) und wie dauerhaft diese Beschäftigungen waren - jedes für sich genommen ein wichtiger und aussagefähiger Indikator zur regionalen Arbeitsmarktstruktur. Das Beschäftigungsvolumen von oder für Frauen entwickelte sich günstiger als das der Männer, für Deutsche wesentlich besser als für Ausländer, sehr viel günstiger bei Teilzeit- als bei Vollzeitarbeit. Die erhebliche Dynamik der Konjunkturabläufe, auch die verzögerte Reaktion der Beschäftigung auf das Wirtschaftswachstum, werden vom Beschäftigungsvolumen deutlich nachgezeichnet. Von 1980 bis 1986, zu Zeitpunkten also, in denen die Beschäftigungsmöglichkeiten in der gesamten Volkswirtschaft etwa den gleichen Umfang hatten, zeigt sich ein auffälliges Regionalgefälle in der Entwicklung, z.B. zwischen den Kreisen Peine mit einer Verlustrate von -24%, Gelsenkirchen oder Duisburg (-14%) auf der einen und den Landkreisen München, Landsberg am Lech oder Dingolfing auf der anderen Seite mit Zuwächsen bis zu 16%. So werden die Entwicklungsrisiken an den sog. alten Industriestandorten (-) im Gegensatz zu den dienstleistungsorientierten Industrieregionen (+) sichtbar und es zeigt sich ein Regionalgefälle zwischen Ballungskernen (-) und Umland (+), von Nord (-) nach Süd (+)." (Autorenreferat)regionaler Arbeitsmarkt - Entwicklung, Arbeitsvolumen - Struktur, Arbeitsmarktanalyse, Regionalforschung - Methode