Strain Tuning of Ferroelectric Polarization in Hybrid Organic Inorganic Perovskite Compounds

Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) are hybrid crystalline compounds comprised of an extended ordered network made up of organic molecules, organic linkers and metal cations. In particular, MOFs with the same topology as inorganic perovskites have been shown to possess interesting properties, e.g., coexistence of ferroelectric and magnetic ordering. Using first-principles density functional theory, we have investigated the effect of strain on the compounds C­(NH₂)₃Cr­(HCOO)₃ and (CH₃CH₂NH₃)­Mn­(HCOO)₃. Here, we show that compressive strain can substantially increase the ferroelectric polarization by more than 300%, and we discuss the mechanism involved in the strain enhancement of polarization. Our study highlights the complex interplay between strain and organic cations’ dipoles and put forward the possibility of tuning of ferroelectric polarization through appropriate thin film growing

Konservasi Tanaman Lada (Piper Nigrum L.) Secara in Vitro

In vitro conservation of black pepper (Piper nigrum L.)Black pepper (Piper nigrum L.) is one of the economically im¬ potant spices. The major constraint in black pepper cultivation and conservation in ield is foot rot disease caused by Phytopthora capsici which could cause plants die. Conservation of black pepper germplasms as living collections in ield is risky due to pests and natural disaster. The experiment on in vitro cop ervation of black pepper var. LDL was conducted al the laboratory of Plant Genetic Resources and Breeding, Research Institute for Spice and Medicinal Crops (RISMC) Bogor from April 1998 to Maret 1999. Single node cuttings from sterile culture were used as explains. The explains were cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium on full and half strength concentration supplemented with paclobutrazol (paclo) (0, 1, 3 and 5 mg/1). The experiment was performed in a randomized complete block design arranged factorially with 10 replications. The result showed that the medium supplemented with paclo on both full MS and MS A medium could suppress vegetative growth until 12 months. There was no signiicant interaction between medium and paclo on shoot initiation. The effect was signiicant on shoot height, number of leaves and culture performances. Increasing paclo concen¬ tration caused higher suppression of plant growth. MS A medium supplemented with paclo 5 mg/1 showed the slowest growth with shool height 2.10 cm and number of leaves 9. Culture performance was fresh, with green leaves and vigorous. Advcntive shoots were able to regenerate on the medium supplemented with BA 0.3 mg/1. In vitro conservation of black pepper with paclo did not change plant regeneration ability. Therefore, this technique may be used as an altenative method for black pepper conservation

Additional file 3: of Combined genetic effects of EGLN1 and VWF modulate thrombotic outcome in hypoxia revealed by Ayurgenomics approach

Total scores of protective alleles in combined genotypes of VWF and EGLN1 in high altitude and a genetically related low altitude population in India

Additional file 5: of Combined genetic effects of EGLN1 and VWF modulate thrombotic outcome in hypoxia revealed by Ayurgenomics approach

Allele frequency differences between Prakriti types and IE pool

Additional file 6: of Combined genetic effects of EGLN1 and VWF modulate thrombotic outcome in hypoxia revealed by Ayurgenomics approach

Association of SNPs varying between Prakriti with selection pressures such as climatic conditions, mode of subsistence, pathogen pressure and cultural practices (source: http://genapps2.uchicago.edu:8081/dbcline/ )

The Effect of Polar Fluctuation and Lattice Mismatch on Carrier Mobility at Oxide Interfaces

Since the discovery of two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) at the oxide interface of LaAlO₃/SrTiO₃ (LAO/STO), improving carrier mobility has become an important issue for device applications. In this paper, by using an alternate polar perovskite insulator (La_0.3Sr_0.7) (Al_0.65Ta_0.35)­O₃ (LSAT) for reducing lattice mismatch from 3.0% to 1.0%, the low-temperature carrier mobility has been increased 30 fold to 35 000 cm² V^–1 s^–1. Moreover, two critical thicknesses for the LSAT/STO (001) interface are found, one at 5 unit cells for appearance of the 2DEG and the other at 12 unit cells for a peak in the carrier mobility. By contrast, the conducting (110) and (111) LSAT/STO interfaces only show a single critical thickness of 8 unit cells. This can be explained in terms of polar fluctuation arising from LSAT chemical composition. In addition to lattice mismatch and crystal symmetry at the interface, polar fluctuation arising from composition has been identified as an important variable to be tailored at the oxide interfaces to optimize the 2DEG transport

Feature Selection.

<p>Venn diagram shows the overlap of features selected through LASSO, elastic net and random forests modelling. 31 variables were common between all the three methods.</p

Recapitulation of Ayurveda constitution types by machine learning of phenotypic traits

<div><p>In Ayurveda system of medicine individuals are classified into seven constitution types, “<i>Prakriti</i>”, for assessing disease susceptibility and drug responsiveness. <i>Prakriti</i> evaluation involves clinical examination including questions about physiological and behavioural traits. A need was felt to develop models for accurately predicting <i>Prakriti</i> classes that have been shown to exhibit molecular differences. The present study was carried out on data of phenotypic attributes in 147 healthy individuals of three extreme <i>Prakriti types</i>, from a genetically homogeneous population of Western India. Unsupervised and supervised machine learning approaches were used to infer inherent structure of the data, and for feature selection and building classification models for <i>Prakriti</i> respectively. These models were validated in a North Indian population. Unsupervised clustering led to emergence of three natural clusters corresponding to three extreme <i>Prakriti</i> classes. The supervised modelling approaches could classify individuals, with distinct <i>Prakriti</i> types, in the training and validation sets. This study is the first to demonstrate that <i>Prakriti</i> types are distinct verifiable clusters within a multidimensional space of multiple interrelated phenotypic traits. It also provides a computational framework for predicting <i>Prakriti</i> classes from phenotypic attributes. This approach may be useful in precision medicine for stratification of endophenotypes in healthy and diseased populations.</p></div

Schematics demonstrating modelling strategy.

<p>Schematic showing the approach taken for modelling of (A) extreme <i>Prakriti</i> types followed by modelling of (B) extreme vs non-extreme using probability score generated from extreme <i>Prakriti</i> model for all the three methods. Maxima Probability scores were utilized to create binomial logistic regression for classification of extreme vs non-extreme.</p

Summary of models (extreme vs non-extreme modelling).

<p>Sensitivity and specificity of glm models built from probability scores obtained from LASSO, Elastic-net and Random forests model. The table shows the sensitivity and specificity for the best model each selected from three algorithms.</p