MONOPOLI GARAM DI MADURA 1905-1920 The Monopoly of Salt in Madura

ABSTRACTMadura is often called the salt island because there are many people in the area produced salt. Apart from the many places for producing salt, the quality of the salt produced is good.During the Dutch East Indies Company period, the production of salt in Madura was limited because then many of salt territory were pawned by the noble to the Chinese entrepreneur. The situation then made some buyers control the salt selling in some areas under their control.During the British rule, Raffles abolished the pawn system and then created the basis of monopoly on the salt. Due to the short period of the rule, the abolishment of the system was not completely done. After the rule was over, the basis and implementation of monopoly was continued by the Dutch government.Basically, the monopoly of salt was about the regulations on the making and selling of salt. In the regulations, all salt fields were required for producing salt and the results had to be submitted to the government with a particular price or determined compensation. Therefore, the government was the monopoly holder on selling the salt.During it\u27s development, the government still held monopoly because, as well as yielding provites, the monopoly functioned to retain the authority of law. And even to complete the management of salt, the government set up a state enterprise. Under this enterpise, the management of salt was carried out by using a better book keeping. Besides, there was a shift on the supervision and maintenance from the warehouse to the fields.After the emergence of Sarekat Islam, and particulary Sarekat Islam of Madura branch, the organization could accomodate complaints from different salt producers and then addressed them to the government. Finally, this policy on salt which became one of the Sarekat Islam\u27s programmes which caused the Sarekat Islam\u27s decline in Madura. Keywords: Monopoly, entrepeneur, pawn system, state enterprise, bookkeeping

Beberapa segi etika dan etiket Jawa

Dalam rangka inilah penggalian sumber daya kultural sudah barang tentu akan dapat menghasilkan penemuan-penemuan unsur-unsur dari warisan kultural yang dapat disumbangkan sebagai unsur dari sistem kultural sebagai sintese unsur lama dan bar

AKTIVITAS EKONOMI PERDAGANGAN ORANG- ORANG CINADI PANTAI UTARA JAWA TIMUR PADA ABAD XVIII Economic Activities of The Chinese Traders in the North Coast of East Java

ABSTRACT This thesis deals with the trading economic activity in the north coast of East Java from the 18th century. Considering that the north coast of East Java consists of many cities, the discussion focuses on the certain cities, namely Tuban, Gresik, Surabaya, Pasuruan, and Probolinggo. The Chinese played an important role in the trading for centuries. \u27 The existence of VOC in Java in the early 18th century, gave opportunity to the Chinese to expand their business network. They previously became middle men between Chinese traders and the indigenous merchants but then their role changed. After becoming the middle men, they played a vital role in either a collective trading or a distribution trade (export-import). In the 19th century, the role of the Chinese grew stronger, and they were able to occupy the economy of Java. They did not only run business on trading but also hiring farms and tilling the soil, setting up the sugar cane mill. Besides, they became the collectors of market and road taxes and held some profitable licenses like the license of distributing opium and liquor. When the rulers changed, the role of the Chinese changed too. They however, became midlle men of the tremendous trading between the western people and the natives. The economic policy of Dutch, Hindian government, somehow, had influenced the merchantile activities of the Chinese. The publication of letter of expedition was found to be the obstacle of their trading. This caused the decrease of merchantile process and it, somehow, influenced the European commerce and the loss of national finance stock reduced the income from the custom tax on the imported merchandise. Keywords: economic activity -- Chinese traders -- the economic policy of Dutch 1. Fakultas Sastra Universitas Wegeri Jember, Jember 2. Fakultas Sastra Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta menjalin kerja sama tiga arah. Jaringan kerja sama perdagangan sesama etnis dipadukan dengan kerja sama antara orang Cina dengan penguasa pribumi dan VOC. Hubungan sesama etnis dan penguasa pribumi yang telah berlangsung lama telah melancarkan urusan dalam bidang ekonomi perdagangan. Dari hubungan ini selain dapat memperluas wilayah perdagang annya, orang-orang Cina memperoleh perlindungan dan fasilitas yang menguntungkan kegiatan ekonomi perdagangan. Akhirnya, hubungan dengan VOC selain mendapat perlindungan dari ancaman persoalan yang datang dari penguasa-penguasa pribumi, pedagang-pedagang Cina dipercaya sebagai perantara dalam perdagangan koleksi maupun distribusi serta lisensi-lisensi yang penting dalam perdagangan candu, arak dan lain-lain sehingga semakin memperluas aktivitas perdagangan orang-orang Cina di pantai Utara Jawa Timur. Carey, Peter, Orang Jawa dan Masyarakat Cina (1755 - 1825), PT Pustaka Aset, Jakarta, 1985. .

Seminar sejarah nasional v subtema sejarah kesenian

Buku ini berisi tulisan-tulisan dari Seminar sejarah nasional v dengan subtema sejarah kesenian

Seminar sejarah nasional V: subtema pengajaran sejarah

Buku ini merupakan kumpulan tulisan-tulisan dari Seminar sejarah nasional v dengan subtema pengajaran sejarah

Ungkapan-ungkapan fisafat sejarah Barat dan Timur Penjelasan berdasarkan kesadaran sejarah

Jakartax, 118 p.; 21 c

Papers of the fourth Indonesia-Dutch history conference Yogyakarta 24-29 July 1983

xiv, 297 p. : il.; 20 cm

Pendekatan ilmu sosial dalam metodologi sejarah

xv, 312 hlm, 21 c