Characterization of lead-recycling facility emissions at various workplaces: Major insights for sanitary risks assessment

Most available studies on lead smelter emissions deal with the environmental impact of outdoor particles, but only a few focus on air quality at workplaces. The objective of this study is to physically and chemically characterize the Pb-rich particles emitted at different workplaces in a lead recycling plant. A multiscale characterization was conducted from bulk analysis to the level of individual particles, to assess the particles properties in relation with Pb speciation and availability. Process PM from various origins were sampled and then compared; namely Furnace and Refining PM respectively present in the smelter and at refinery workplaces, Emissions PM present in channeled emissions. These particles first differed by their morphology and size distribution, with finer particles found in emissions. Differences observed in chemical composition could be explained by the industrial processes. All PM contained the same major phases (Pb, PbS, PbO, PbSO4 and PbO·PbSO4) but differed on the nature and amount of minor phases. Due to high content in PM, Pb concentrations in the CaCl2 extractant reached relatively high values (40mgL−1). However, the ratios (soluble/total) of CaCl2 exchangeable Pb were relatively low (<0.02%) in comparison with Cd (up to 18%). These results highlight the interest to assess the soluble fractions of all metals (minor and major) and discuss both total metal concentrations and ratios for risk evaluations. In most cases metal extractability increased with decreasing size of particles, in particular, lead exchangeability was highest for channeled emissions. Such type of study could help in the choice of targeted sanitary protection procedures and for further toxicological investigations. In the present context, particular attention is given to Emissions and Furnace PM. Moreover, exposure to other metals than Pb should be considered

Neurotensin receptors (version 2019.4) in the IUPHAR/BPS Guide to Pharmacology Database

Neurotensin receptors (nomenclature as recommended by NC-IUPHAR [38]) are activated by the endogenous tridecapeptide neurotensin (pGlu-Leu-Tyr-Glu-Asn-Lys-Pro-Arg-Arg-Pro-Tyr-Ile-Leu) derived from a precursor (NTS, 30990), which also generates neuromedin N, an agonist at the NTS2 receptor. [3H]neurotensin (human, mouse, rat) and [125I]neurotensin (human, mouse, rat) may be used to label NTS1 and NTS2 receptors at 0.1-0.3 and 3-5 nM concentrations respectively

Neurotensin receptors in GtoPdb v.2023.1

Neurotensin receptors (nomenclature as recommended by NC-IUPHAR [39]) are activated by the endogenous tridecapeptide neurotensin (pGlu-Leu-Tyr-Glu-Asn-Lys-Pro-Arg-Arg-Pro-Tyr-Ile-Leu) derived from a precursor (NTS, 30990), which also generates neuromedin N, an agonist at the NTS2 receptor. [3H]neurotensin (human, mouse, rat) and [125I]neurotensin (human, mouse, rat) may be used to label NTS1 and NTS2 receptors at 0.1-0.3 and 3-5 nM concentrations respectively

Prevalence of claims-based recurrent low back pain in a Canadian population: A secondary analysis of an administrative database

BACKGROUND: There is a vast literature reporting that the point prevalence of low back pain (LBP) is high and increasing. It is also known that a large proportion of acute LBP episodes are recurrent within 12 months. However, few studies report the annual trends in the prevalence of recurrent LBP or describe these trends according to age and sex categories. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective cohort study involving 401 264 adults selected from the administrative database of physician claims for the province of Quebec, Canada. These adults, aged 18 years and over, met the criteria of having consulted a physician three times within a 365-day period between 2000 and 2007 for a LBP condition corresponding to ICD-9 codes 721, 722, 724 or 739. All data were analyzed by sex and clustered according to specific age categories. RESULTS: We observed a decrease from 1.64% to 1.33% in the annual prevalence between 2000 and 2007 for men. This decrease in prevalence was mostly observed between 35 and 59 years of age. Older (≥65 years) women were 1.35 times more at risk to consult a physician for LBP in a recurrent manner than older men. The most frequently reported diagnosis was non-specific LBP between 2000 to 2007. During the same period, sequelae of previous back surgery and spinal stenosis were the categories with the largest increases. CONCLUSION: The annual prevalence of claims-based recurrent LBP progressively decreased between 2000 and 2007 for younger adults (<65 years) while older adults (≥65 years) showed an increase. Given the aging Canadian population, recurrent low back pain could have an increasing impact on the quality of life of the elderly as well as on the healthcare system

Influence of metal process micronic and submicronic particles on vegetables quality and ecosystems

International audienceImpact of atmospheric process particles enriched with metals (PM) on various vegetables was studied. Foliar metal interception was measured and calculated. Soil-plant transfer and phyto-toxicity were also studied. Influence of species and washing procedure on metal burning was observed. High correlation was obtained between measured and simulated lead plant uptake values. Ageing effect in polluted soils was highlighted with stabilisation or mobilization of metals in function of contact duration between soils and PM

Absorption foliaire des métaux présents dans des particules atmosphériques issues d'une usine de recyclage de batteries : biotest laitue

National audienceLes flux de polluants émis dans l'environnement ont été considérablement réduits en particulier par la mise en place par les industriels de système de filtres performants. Cependant les particules très fines et particulièrement réactives sont toujours émises dans l'environnement. De nombreuses études décrivent le transfert sol-plante des métaux mais très peu concernent la voie de transfert atmosphère plante. Pourtant, selon le rapport parlementaire de Miquel (2001), l'enrichissement actuel des sols en plomb provient pour 68% des retombées atmosphériques qui sont aussi interceptées par les plantes. Le transfert foliaire direct via des aérosols particulaires a été démontré pour des radionucléides (137Cs, 85Sr, 133Ba et 123mTe) par Madoz-Escande et al. (2004). Or les voies de transport des radionucléides et métaux sont aussi celles des "oligoélements" (Zn, Co, Mo, Cu) dans les plantes. C'est pourquoi il paraît pertinent de s'intéresser au transfert foliaire des métaux. De nombreuses questions scientifiques se posent en effet concernant le transfert foliaire des métaux. Est-il possible? Si oui sous quelle forme sont les métaux? Quels sont les mécanismes physico chimiques et biologiques impliqués? Quelle est l'importance de cette voie vis-à-vis du transfert sol plante ? Pour répondre à ces questions, le transfert du plomb et du cadmium vers les parties aériennes des plantes via le dépôt atmosphérique de particules industrielles riches en métaux a été expérimenté et modélisé

Evidence for a role of NTS2 receptors in the modulation of tonic pain sensitivity

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Central neurotensin (NT) administration results in a naloxone-insensitive antinociceptive response in animal models of acute and persistent pain. Both NTS1 and NTS2 receptors were shown to be required for different aspects of NT-induced analgesia. We recently demonstrated that NTS2 receptors were extensively associated with ascending nociceptive pathways, both at the level of the dorsal root ganglia and of the spinal dorsal horn. Then, we found that spinally administered NTS2-selective agonists induced dose-dependent antinociceptive responses in the acute tail-flick test. In the present study, we therefore investigated whether activation of spinal NTS2 receptors suppressed the persistent inflammatory pain symptoms observed after intraplantar injection of formalin.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>We first demonstrated that spinally administered NT and NT69L agonists, which bind to both NTS1 and NTS2 receptors, significantly reduced pain-evoked responses during the inflammatory phase of the formalin test. Accordingly, pretreatment with the NTS2-selective analogs JMV-431 and levocabastine was effective in inhibiting the aversive behaviors induced by formalin. With resolution at the single-cell level, we also found that activation of spinal NTS2 receptors reduced formalin-induced <it>c-fos </it>expression in dorsal horn neurons. However, our results also suggest that NTS2-selective agonists and NTS1/NTS2 mixed compounds differently modulated the early (21–39 min) and late (40–60 min) tonic phase 2 and recruited endogenous pain inhibitory mechanisms integrated at different levels of the central nervous system. Indeed, while non-selective drugs suppressed pain-related behaviors activity in both part of phase 2, intrathecal injection of NTS2-selective agonists was only efficient in reducing pain during the late phase 2. Furthermore, assessment of the stereotypic pain behaviors of lifting, shaking, licking and biting to formalin also revealed that unlike non-discriminative NTS1/NTS2 analogs reversing all nociceptive endpoint behaviors, pure NTS2 agonists specifically inhibited paw lifting, supporting a role of NTS2 in spinal modulation of persistent nociception.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>The present study provides the first demonstration that activation of NTS2 receptors produces analgesia in the persistent inflammatory pain model of formalin. The dichotomy between these two classes of compounds also indicates that both NTS1 and NTS2 receptors are involved in tonic pain inhibition and implies that these two NT receptors modulate the pain-induced behavioral responses by acting on distinct spinal and/or supraspinal neural circuits. In conclusion, development of NT agonists targeting both NTS1 and NTS2 receptors could be useful for chronic pain management.</p