Theological genealogies of modernity : An introduction

Abstract not available

Neither progress nor regress : The theological substructure of T. F. Torrance's genealogy of modern theology

T. F. Torrance's corpus of historical and theological writings contains genealogical reflections on the field of Christian doctrine. The basic shape of the genealogy is determined by what Torrance calls certain “ultimates,” theological commitments that derive their justification not from other beliefs that possess more authority than they themselves do, but from the way in which they seek to depict God in himself and in his economic activity. Core ultimate beliefs include the doctrine of the Trinity, the incarnation, and the ascension and the resurrection of Jesus Christ. These beliefs, more than the idealization of any particular stretch of past history, underlie all of Torrance's genealogical work, for instance, the subjects against which he develops sustained polemic; the overall structure of his genealogical account, which bears only a superficial resemblance to a decline narrative; and, most importantly, the point around which the genealogy revolves, namely, the epistemic reconciliation between human beings and God. This essay illustrates the nature of the genealogical narrative by outlining Torrance's treatment of Scripture and its interpretation and closes by assessing his effort as a whole. While the genealogy contains drawbacks that are worth registering, Torrance's narrative rightly avoids the sort of sweeping evaluative judgments associated with some often-discussed genealogies, and it properly places its focus on the perennial issue of divine-human reconciliation, which manifests itself differently in a variety of historical circumstances, even as it is not ultimately contingent upon them

Gadamer, Barth, and Transcendence in Biblical Interpretation

The essay reflects on how Hans-Georg Gadamer and Karl Barth view interpretation of the Christian Bible. It proceeds in three main sections. The first contends that Gadamer secularizes Christian theology, and that this has drawbacks for the sort of reading his hermeneutic can give to Christian Scripture. The second part turns to Barth, arguing that the whole structure of his approach to the Bible factors in theological commitment, with benefits for the readings he can deliver. The final part makes a case that contemporary reflection on interpretation can nonetheless glean important insights from Gadamer, especially regarding the readerly reception of texts, because his perspective has a certain sort of richness that Barth’s cannot match. The overall suggestion emerging from the interrogation of these two thinkers is that phenomenology and theology might learn from one another, that they each contribute something valuable to discussions of biblical interpretation

Green Tea Catechin, Epigallocatechin Gallate, Suppresses Signaling by the dsRNA Innate Immune Receptor RIG-I

The Innate immune system constitutes the first line of defense against pathogen infections. The Retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I) receptor recognizes triphosphorylated ssRNAs and dsRNA to initiate downstream signaling of interferon response. However, unregulated activity of these receptors could lead to autoimmune diseases. We seek to identify small molecules that can specifically regulate RIG-I signaling.Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), a polyphenolic catechin present in green tea, was identified in a small molecule screen. It was found to bind RIG-I and inhibits its signaling at low micromolar concentrations in HEK293T cells. Furthermore, EGCG dose-dependently inhibited the ATPase activity of recombinant RIG-I but did not compete with RIG-I interaction with RNA or with ATP. EGCG did not inhibit signaling by Toll-like receptors 3, 4, 9 or constitutive signaling by the adapter protein IPS-1. Structure activity relationship analysis showed that EGCG, its epimer GCG and a digallate-containing compound, theaflavin 3,3' digallate (TFDG) were potent RIG-I inhibitors. EGCG also inhibited IL6 secretion and IFN- β mRNA synthesis in BEAS-2B cells, which harbors intact endogenous RIG-I signaling pathway.EGCG and its derivatives could have potential therapeutic use as a modulator of RIG-I mediated immune responses

Purine biosynthesis in archaea: variations on a theme

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The ability to perform <it>de novo </it>biosynthesis of purines is present in organisms in all three domains of life, reflecting the essentiality of these molecules to life. Although the pathway is quite similar in eukaryotes and bacteria, the archaeal pathway is more variable. A careful manual curation of genes in this pathway demonstrates the value of manual curation in archaea, even in pathways that have been well-studied in other domains.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>We searched the Integrated Microbial Genome system (IMG) for the 17 distinct genes involved in the 11 steps of <it>de novo </it>purine biosynthesis in 65 sequenced archaea, finding 738 predicted proteins with sequence similarity to known purine biosynthesis enzymes. Each sequence was manually inspected for the presence of active site residues and other residues known or suspected to be required for function.</p> <p>Many apparently purine-biosynthesizing archaea lack evidence for a single enzyme, either glycinamide ribonucleotide formyltransferase or inosine monophosphate cyclohydrolase, suggesting that there are at least two more gene variants in the purine biosynthetic pathway to discover. Variations in domain arrangement of formylglycinamidine ribonucleotide synthetase and substantial problems in aminoimidazole carboxamide ribonucleotide formyltransferase and inosine monophosphate cyclohydrolase assignments were also identified.</p> <p>Manual curation revealed some overly specific annotations in the IMG gene product name, with predicted proteins without essential active site residues assigned product names implying enzymatic activity (21 proteins, 2.8% of proteins inspected) or Enzyme Commission (E. C.) numbers (57 proteins, 7.7%). There were also 57 proteins (7.7%) assigned overly generic names and 78 proteins (10.6%) without E.C. numbers as part of the assigned name when a specific enzyme name and E. C. number were well-justified.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>The patchy distribution of purine biosynthetic genes in archaea is consistent with a pathway that has been shaped by horizontal gene transfer, duplication, and gene loss. Our results indicate that manual curation can improve upon automated annotation for a small number of automatically-annotated proteins and can reveal a need to identify further pathway components even in well-studied pathways.</p> <p>Reviewers</p> <p>This article was reviewed by Dr. Céline Brochier-Armanet, Dr Kira S Makarova (nominated by Dr. Eugene Koonin), and Dr. Michael Galperin.</p

PENJADWALAN FLOW SHOP DENGAN PENDEKATAN CROSS ENTROPY-GENETIC ALGORITHM UNTUK MENURUNKAN MAKESPAN PADA PEMBUATAN RODA GIGI

Flow shop is the process of determining the sequence of jobs that have the same product path. While the flow-shop scheduling takes assumption that a number of jobs that each has the same machine work sequence. The problems faced by com-panies, namely the high demand and yet the existence of a good scheduling planning resulted in the company should be able to optimize sche-duling job. One of the ways to solve these problems is by minimizing the Makespan. This research will solve the problem regarding to the flow shop scheduling by using cross entropy-genetic algorithm (CEGA) method to minimize Makespan. The technique that is used to solve the problem is by comparing the result of the application of existing methods in the company with the proposed method (CEGA). To support the application of CEGA used MATLAB software. Finally known that the results CEGA can give optimal solution, Makespan values obtained for 10829 seconds. So far, it was more effective than the method that used at the firm with Makespan efficiency by 10.06%.Keywords: Flow Shop, Scheduling, Cross Entropy-Genetic Algorithm, Makespan

Relationship between the loss of neutralizing antibody binding and fusion activity of the F protein of human respiratory syncytial virus

To elucidate the relationship between resistance to HRSV neutralizing antibodies directed against the F protein and the fusion activity of the F protein, a recombinant approach was used to generate a panel of mutations in the major antigenic sites of the F protein. These mutant proteins were assayed for neutralizing mAb binding (ch101F, palivizumab, and MAb19), level of expression, post-translational processing, cell surface expression, and fusion activity. Functional analysis of the fusion activity of the panel of mutations revealed that the fusion activity of the F protein is tolerant to multiple changes in the site II and IV/V/VI region in contrast with the somewhat limited spectrum of changes in the F protein identified from the isolation of HRSV neutralizing antibody virus escape mutants. This finding suggests that aspects other than fusion activity may limit the spectrum of changes tolerated within the F protein that are selected for by neutralizing antibodies

Planning and Implementation Enterprise Resource Planning Module Distribution Management Using the Methods of Distribution Requirement Planning in MSMES UD Adhi Teknik

The integration of computerization in the company allows the groove and access to information in the company can quickly and accurately are reinforced on all fronts. The integration of computerized currently used large companies to compete and develop is enterprise resource planning (ERP). ERP is the integration of all the process of information data on the organization into a system of software and hardware to achieve integration. distribution requirement planning (DRP) is an operating system (production, procurement, atonia material, product distribution) occurs only as a response to the scheduling planning for every operation without taking into account the status of the real-time from the corresponding operation. MSMES of skewer making machine have the name of UD. Adhi teknik of standing since the year 2008 is moving in the field of making the machine as satay. MSMES is located in Terung Kulon, Sidoarjo, East Java. This company does not have a Distribution management system so that the process of distribution of these companies are still experiencing delays and good in the process of production and distribution process company products to customers who cause the swelling production cost, the cost of distribution and becomes dissatisfied by the customer. The method of calculation DRP produce cost savings compared to the method used by the company. Besides that the interval is also more than the previous one. With ERP information system technology also accelerate the flow of information between the department and also the sale and purchase of. Keywords: Information System, Enterprise Resource Planning Adempiere, Distribution Requirement Planning, MSMES UD Adhi Teknik JEL Classifications: P4, P42 DOI: https://doi.org/10.32479/irmm.809

Contribution of cysteine residues in the extracellular domain of the F protein of human respiratory syncytial virus to its function

The mature F protein of all known isolates of human respiratory syncytial virus (HRSV) contains fifteen absolutely conserved cysteine (C) residues that are highly conserved among the F proteins of other pneumoviruses as well as the paramyxoviruses. To explore the contribution of the cysteines in the extracellular domain to the fusion activity of HRSV F protein, each cysteine was changed to serine. Mutation of cysteines 37, 313, 322, 333, 343, 358, 367, 393, 416, and 439 abolished or greatly reduced cell surface expression suggesting these residues are critical for proper protein folding and transport to the cell surface. As expected, the fusion activity of these mutations was greatly reduced or abolished. Mutation of cysteine residues 212, 382, and 422 had little to no effect upon cell surface expression or fusion activity at 32°C, 37°C, or 39.5°C. Mutation of C37 and C69 in the F2 subunit either abolished or reduced cell surface expression by 75% respectively. None of the mutations displayed a temperature sensitive phenotype

Assessing the contribution of the herpes simplex virus DNA polymerase to spontaneous mutations

BACKGROUND: The thymidine kinase (tk) mutagenesis assay is often utilized to determine the frequency of herpes simplex virus (HSV) replication-mediated mutations. Using this assay, clinical and laboratory HSV-2 isolates were shown to have a 10- to 80-fold higher frequency of spontaneous mutations compared to HSV-1. METHODS: A panel of HSV-1 and HSV-2, along with polymerase-recombinant viruses expressing type 2 polymerase (Pol) within a type 1 genome, were evaluated using the tk and non-HSV DNA mutagenesis assays to measure HSV replication-dependent errors and determine whether the higher mutation frequency of HSV-2 is a distinct property of type 2 polymerases. RESULTS: Although HSV-2 have mutation frequencies higher than HSV-1 in the tk assay, these errors are assay-specific. In fact, wild type HSV-1 and the antimutator HSV-1 PAA(r)5 exhibited a 2–4 fold higher frequency than HSV-2 in the non-HSV DNA mutatagenesis assay. Furthermore, regardless of assay, HSV-1 recombinants expressing HSV-2 Pol had error rates similar to HSV-1, whereas the high mutator virus, HSV-2 6757, consistently showed signficant errors. Additionally, plasmid DNA containing the HSV-2 tk gene, but not type 1 tk or LacZ DNA, was shown to form an anisomorphic DNA stucture. CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests that the Pol is not solely responsible for the virus-type specific differences in mutation frequency. Accordingly, it is possible that (a) mutations may be modulated by other viral polypeptides cooperating with Pol, and (b) the localized secondary structure of the viral genome may partially account for the apparently enhanced error frequency of HSV-2