Employment After Prison: A Longitudinal Study of Releasees in Three States

Analyzes former prisoners' experiences in finding work after release as well as predictors of success, including demographics, pre-prison employment, participation in in-prison employment-related programs, and job-hunting strategies. Considers implicatio

Role of PP2Cα in cell growth, in radio- and chemosensitivity, and in tumorigenicity

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>PP2Cα is the representative member of the type 2C family of protein phosphatases, and it has recently been implicated in the regulation of p53-, TGFβ-, cyclin-dependent kinase- and apoptosis-signaling. To investigate the role of PP2Cα in cell growth and in radio- and chemosensitivity, wild type and PP2Cα siRNA-expressing MCF7 cells were subjected to several different viability and cell cycle analyses, both under basal conditions and upon treatment with radio- and chemotherapy. By comparing the growth of tumors established from both types of cells, we also evaluated the involvement of PP2Cα in tumorigenesis.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>It was found that knockdown of PP2Cα did not affect the proliferation, the clonogenic survival and the membrane integrity of MCF7 cells. In addition, it did not alter their radio- and chemosensitivity. For PP2Cα siRNA-expressing MCF7 cells, the number of cells in the G0/G1 phase of the cell cycle was reduced, the induction of the G1 block was attenuated, the number of cells in G2/M was increased, and the induction of the G2 block was enhanced. The tumorigenic potential of PP2Cα siRNA-expressing MCF7 cells was found to be higher than that of wild type MCF7 cells, and the in vivo proliferation of these cells was found to be increased.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Based on these findings, we conclude that PP2Cα is not involved in controlling cell growth and radio- and chemosensitivity in vitro. It does, however, play a role in the regulation of the cell cycle, in the induction of cell cycle checkpoints and in tumorigenesis. The latter notion implies that PP2Cα may possess tumor-suppressing properties, and it thereby sets the stage for more elaborate analyses on its involvement in the development and progression of cancer.</p

Apresentação - Dossiê: Literatura e Infâncias

Apresenta-se, neste editorial, escrito pelos co-responsáveis pelo Dossiê Literatura e Infâncias, o objectivo da publicação em causa, bem como, em traços muito gerais, cada um dos estudos que o compõem, acentuando-se a ideia da necessária disseminação de saber na área de investigação em pauta.CIEC - Centro de Investigação em Estudos da Criança, IE, UMinho (UI 317 da FCT), Portugal; financiado através dos Fundos Nacionais da FCT (Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia), cofinanciado pelo Fundo Europeu de Desenvolvimento Regional (FEDER) através do COMPETE 2020 – Programa Operacional Competitividade e Internacionalização (POCI) com a referência POCI-01-0145-FEDER-007562info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Literatura na educação básica: do texto literário ao ensino de literatura

Neste texto, apresenta-se e descreve-se critica e sucintamente o conteúdo do dossier organizado em torno da temática da literatura na educação básica.Apoio financeiro do CIEC (Centro de Investigação em Estudos da Criança, IE, UMinho; UI 317 da FCT, Portugal) através do Projeto Estratégico UID/CED/00317/2013, financiado através dos Fundos Nacionais da FCT (Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia), cofinanciado pelo Fundo Europeu de Desenvolvimento Regional (FEDER) através do COMPETE 2020 – Programa Operacional Competitividade e Internacionalização (POCI) com a referência POCI-01-0145-FEDER-007562info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

O diálogo intercultural na literatura infantil de Luís Sepúlveda e Jorge Amado

Propõe-se, neste estudo, uma abordagem comparativa, com foco ideotemático, em concreto no tópico da interculturalidade, de duas narrativas de potencial recepção infanto-juvenil que têm como co-protagonistas um felino e uma ave personificados. Ambas as narrativas permitem uma reflexão acerca da diversidade e da multiplicidade cultural.CIEC - Centro de Investigação em Estudos da Criança, IE, UMinho (UI 317 da FCT), Portugalinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Introducing hormone-free insemination in dairy sheep farms challenges their feeding system design

International audienceHormone-free (HF) reproduction management in dairy sheep farming is a way to address current societal demands However, we must be prepared for the collateral impacts to be expected in the rest of the farming system components.Indeed, the efficiency of related HF practices (e.g. using male effect for oestrus induction and synchronisation) is more uncertain than that of hormonal treatment (HO). Direct consequences, on the feeding system design, will thus reflecta higher variability of physiological stages present in the flock throughout the year. This work aims to simulate the impact of a HF reproduction including artificial insemination (AI) on the distribution of productive performances andnutritional requirements of a conventional dairy sheep flock, using a dynamic agent-based model. Six reproductive management scenarios, for managing the same flock (n=597 Lacaune ewes), in the Mediterranean Roquefort Basin,were simulated and compared over one full and representative production season i.e.: HO+AI in mid-May (Early); HO+AI in July (SumLate); HO+AI in November (AutLate); as well as their HF version (i.e. HF-Early; HF-SumLateand HF-AutLate, respectively). In all HF scenarios, a reduction in the number of ewes lambing and in the annual milk production (-1 to -8%) was observed, which was accompanied by a subsequent decrease of the flock’s annualnutritional requirements (-2 to -7%). The HF scenarios also resulted in a staggering of lambing occurrences which led to a shift in the peaks of milk production and, consequently, in the nutritional requirements during the productionseason. In conclusion, transitioning to HF reproduction management, while preserving AI, would imply an increase in the workload, a prolongation of the programmed milking period, and an essential readjustment of the feedingmanagement strategy of the flock with regard to farm’s feed resources availability. Our simulation results are used to support discussions within the dairy sheep industry looking for sustainable alternatives to using hormones

Simulation de l'impact de la pratique de l'insémination sans hormones sur les performances et l'alimentation d'un troupeau ovin laitier

International audienceIn dairy sheep farming, reproductive management without ovarian cycle synchronization hormones is a lever to be mobilized to meet the challenges of agro-ecology and the evolution of societal demands. However, in the major French production basins, such as the Northern Occitania Basin (NOB), the development of alternatives to hormonal synchronization treatments (HT) while maintaining the possibility of artificial insemination (AI), is necessary to continue the dissemination of selection schemes efficiently. The male effect, which consists in putting a ram in a group of females after a time of separation, is a potential alternative technique to induce and synchronize heats in ewes. It must be accompanied by accurate heat detection to allow AI of the ewes. Therefore, the use of this alternative practice implies changes in the reproductive management but also potentially in other associated management practices such as the management of the flock's feed. However, the consequences on the global functioning of the flock are still not well known. The objective of this study is therefore to evaluate, with the help of a computer simulator, scenarios for the introduction of alternative reproductive practices in dairy sheep farms and to assess the consequences on flock performance. The dynamic model of a dairy sheep flock, REPROsheep, was therefore developed to represent the functioning of a dairy sheep flock by taking into account the individual variability of response to the heat synchronization method used. The model simulates dynamic outputs: daily number of ewes lambing, daily milk production of the flock, daily energy and protein requirements of the flock, as well as annual outputs: total number of ewes lambing, total milk production, energy and protein requirements for a production season. Based on the reference operation at La FAGE experimental farm (n= 597 Lacaune ewes) where the ewes are put to reproduction in summer, six scenarios of reproduction management were simulated and compared over a production campaign A scenario with HT+AI in mid-May (Early); a scenario with HT+AI in July (LateSummer) which corresponds to the current FAGE situation; a scenario with HT+AI in November (LateAutumn); as well as their Hormone-Free (HF) versions (i.e., HF-Early; HF-LateSummer; and HF-LateAutumn respectively). In all HF scenarios, a significant reduction in the number of ewes lambing and annual milk production of the flock (-1 to -7%; P <0.05) was observed. A consequent decrease in the annual nutritional requirements of the flock (-2 to -6%; P<0.05) was also observed. The HF scenarios also resulted in staggered lambing, which led to a shift in peak milk production and, consequently, in nutritional requirements during the production season. Transitioning from conventional to hormone-free reproduction management, while maintaining AI practice, would therefore involve an increase in workload and a lengthening of the scheduled milking period, as well as a readjustment of flock feeding management according to the availability of feed resources on the farmRESUME-En élevage ovin laitier (OVL), la gestion de la reproduction sans hormones de synchronisation des cycles ovariens est un levier à mobiliser pour répondre aux enjeux de l'agro-écologie et à l'évolution des demandes sociétales. Cependant, dans les grands bassins de production français, comme le Bassin Nord Occitanie (BNO), le développement d'alternatives aux traitements hormonaux de synchronisation (TH) tout en conservant la possibilité de faire de l'insémination artificielle (IA), est nécessaire pour pouvoir continuer à diffuser les schémas de sélection de manière efficace. L'effet mâle, qui consiste à mettre un bélier dans un groupe de femelles après un temps de séparation est une pratique alternative possible pour induire et synchroniser les chaleurs des brebis. Elle doit être accompagnée d'une détection précise des chaleurs pour permettre d'inséminer des brebis. L'utilisation de cette pratique alternative implique donc des changements au niveau de la conduite de la reproduction mais aussi potentiellement au niveau d'autres conduites associées comme la gestion de l'alimentation du troupeau. A ce jour, les conséquences sur le fonctionnement global du troupeau sont encore peu connues. L'objectif de cette étude est donc d'évaluer, à l'aide d'un simulateur informatique, des scénarios d'introduction de pratiques alternatives de la reproduction en élevages OVL et d'en évaluer les conséquences sur les performances du troupeau. Le modèle dynamique de troupeau OVL, REPROsheep, a donc été développé afin de représenter le fonctionnement d'un troupeau OVL en tenant compte de la variabilité individuelle de réponse à la méthode de synchronisation des chaleurs utilisée. Le modèle simule des sorties dynamiques : nombre quotidien d'agnelages, production laitière (PL) quotidienne du troupeau, besoins nutritionnels quotidiens en énergie et en protéines du troupeau, ainsi que des sorties annuelles : nombre total d'agnelages, PL totale, besoin énergétique et protéique sur l'année. A partir du fonctionnement de référence de la ferme expérimentale de la FAGE (n= 597 brebis Lacaune) où les brebis sont mises à la reproduction en été, six scénarios de gestion de la reproduction ont été simulés et comparés sur une campagne de production: un scénario avec TH+AI en juillet (TardifEte) qui correspond à la situation actuelle de la FAGE; un scénario avec TH+AI à la mi-mai (Hâtif) ; un scénario avec TH+AI en novembre (TardifAutomne) ; ainsi que leurs versions Sans Hormones (SH) (c'est-à-dire SH-TardifEte; SH-Hâtif et SH-TardifAutomne respectivement). Dans tous les scénarios SH, une réduction significative du nombre de brebis qui agnèlent et de la PL annuelle du troupeau (-1 à-7% ; P <0.05) a été observée. Une diminution consécutive des besoins nutritionnels annuels du troupeau (-2 à-6% ; P<0.05) a aussi été observée. Les scénarios SH ont également entraîné un étalement des agnelages qui a conduit à un décalage des pics de PL et, par conséquent, des besoins nutritionnels pendant la campagne d