Relationship between force signal and superficial electromyographic signals associated to hand movements

The analysis of electromyographic signals is applied both to the diagnosis of pathologies and to the recognition of movement patterns. Variables such as force and speed of movement are factors that affect the characteristics of the signals of surface electromyography (SMEG). The naturalness of the movements of the hand are also associated with strength and speed. Current work assessment 96 records of SEMG -Force). The objective was to obtain a linear model that would allow the relation of the force signal with the tone of the forearm SEMG signals. The work results show models at the determination coefficient R2 - median 0.78. The SEMG signal would contribute to the variation of the strength signal. However, there are appreciable differences in relation to the model in each type of hand movement

Simulation of a flat solar collector with thermal storage for drying food : Simulación de un colector solar plano con almacenamiento térmico para el secado de alimentos

This research addresses the numerical simulation of a working fluid, using specialized SolidWorks Flow Simulation Software, analyzing the behavior of a drying air in a flat solar collector with thermal energy storage. In addition, one of the main centers of computational study is the relationship between flow, air temperature at the outlet of the collector and efficiency; This study allows researchers a vision of the principles of the design of these technologies, especially if it focuses on the drying of food. Then, a proposal is made on the requirements to be taken into account for the sizing of collectors based on the requirements of the product to be dried. Among the results obtained, it is established that a correctly designed collector and under a variable air flow, based on the intensity of the irradiation in specific coordinates and location, can reach efficiencies close to 30% with temperatures close to 60 ° C, being ideal for injecting this fluid into a drying chamber, where the food to be dehydrated is available. For the selection of the volume of the material for energy storage, it is recommended to take the melting temperatures as a base, with a constant flow of air, it is normal that within the system, the temperature varies depending on the position, therefore it is recommending the application of materials with different melting temperatures, which are strategically located within the storage tank.Esta investigación aborda la simulación numérica de un fluido de trabajo, utilizando el software especializado SolidWorks Flow Simulation, analizando el comportamiento de un aire de secado en un colector solar plano con almacenamiento de energía térmica. Además, uno de los principales centros de estudio computacional es la relación entre caudal, temperatura del aire a la salida del colector y eficiencia; Este estudio permite a los investigadores una visión de los principios del diseño de estas tecnologías, especialmente si se enfoca en el secado de alimentos. A continuación, se hace una propuesta sobre los requisitos a tener en cuenta para el dimensionamiento de los colectores en función de los requisitos del producto a secar. Entre los resultados obtenidos, se establece que un colector correctamente diseñado y bajo un flujo de aire variable, en función de la intensidad de la irradiación en coordenadas y ubicación específicas, puede alcanzar eficiencias cercanas al 30% con temperaturas cercanas a los 60 ° C, siendo ideal para inyectar este fluido en una cámara de secado, donde se encuentra disponible el alimento a deshidratar. Para la selección del volumen del material para almacenamiento de energía, se recomienda tomar como base las temperaturas de fusión, con un flujo de aire constante, es normal que, dentro del sistema, la temperatura varíe dependiendo de la posición, por lo tanto, recomienda la aplicación de materiales con diferentes temperaturas de fusión, los cuales se encuentran estratégicamente ubicados dentro del tanque de almacenamiento

Simulation of a flat solar collector with thermal storage for drying food : Simulación de un colector solar plano con almacenamiento térmico para el secado de alimentos

This research addresses the numerical simulation of a working fluid, using specialized SolidWorks Flow Simulation Software, analyzing the behavior of a drying air in a flat solar collector with thermal energy storage. In addition, one of the main centers of computational study is the relationship between flow, air temperature at the outlet of the collector and efficiency; This study allows researchers a vision of the principles of the design of these technologies, especially if it focuses on the drying of food. Then, a proposal is made on the requirements to be taken into account for the sizing of collectors based on the requirements of the product to be dried. Among the results obtained, it is established that a correctly designed collector and under a variable air flow, based on the intensity of the irradiation in specific coordinates and location, can reach efficiencies close to 30% with temperatures close to 60 ° C, being ideal for injecting this fluid into a drying chamber, where the food to be dehydrated is available. For the selection of the volume of the material for energy storage, it is recommended to take the melting temperatures as a base, with a constant flow of air, it is normal that within the system, the temperature varies depending on the position, therefore it is recommending the application of materials with different melting temperatures, which are strategically located within the storage tank.Esta investigación aborda la simulación numérica de un fluido de trabajo, utilizando el software especializado SolidWorks Flow Simulation, analizando el comportamiento de un aire de secado en un colector solar plano con almacenamiento de energía térmica. Además, uno de los principales centros de estudio computacional es la relación entre caudal, temperatura del aire a la salida del colector y eficiencia; Este estudio permite a los investigadores una visión de los principios del diseño de estas tecnologías, especialmente si se enfoca en el secado de alimentos. A continuación, se hace una propuesta sobre los requisitos a tener en cuenta para el dimensionamiento de los colectores en función de los requisitos del producto a secar. Entre los resultados obtenidos, se establece que un colector correctamente diseñado y bajo un flujo de aire variable, en función de la intensidad de la irradiación en coordenadas y ubicación específicas, puede alcanzar eficiencias cercanas al 30% con temperaturas cercanas a los 60 ° C, siendo ideal para inyectar este fluido en una cámara de secado, donde se encuentra disponible el alimento a deshidratar. Para la selección del volumen del material para almacenamiento de energía, se recomienda tomar como base las temperaturas de fusión, con un flujo de aire constante, es normal que, dentro del sistema, la temperatura varíe dependiendo de la posición, por lo tanto, recomienda la aplicación de materiales con diferentes temperaturas de fusión, los cuales se encuentran estratégicamente ubicados dentro del tanque de almacenamiento

Analysis of the thermal sensation in single-family home from microclimatic monitoring: Case study Bucaramanga Colombia

The present work describes the experimentation of monitoring for the finding of the heat index and the individual thermal sensation, where the behavior of the real temperature in the exterior and interior of a conventional single-family house with a warm and temperate climate in Colombia was analyzed. The detailed monitoring campaign is carried out for 2880 hours, where the conditions of the interior area of the house and the local climatic conditions of the area are recorded, through the implementation of a thermohydrometers registration system. The methodology for the calculation of the sensation of heat and thermal comfort was determined under the adjusted equation of cooling power of Leonardo Hill and Morikofer-Davos, applied in the analyses of the Institute of Hydrology, Meteorology and Environmental Studies - IDEAM. The results showed a thermal sensation of dissatisfaction of 97.7%, because with the monitored temperature the thermal sensation is calculated yielding in 1382.4 hours with very hot, 1151.6 hours of hot and 280.8 hours of warm thermal sensation

Identification of energetically critical processes for cocoa production in Santander, Colombia

The intensification of industrial activities in post-harvest cocoa processes has generated a disproportionate increase in energy consumption. The objective of this work is to describe those energetically critical ones that are used in the cocoa production line in Santander so that further research can evaluate the implementation of alternative or renewable energy systems. Through the collection of information and data management, it is seeking to promote the efficient use of energy based on the NTC ISO 500001. For this end, a description of the processes involved in the production of cocoa was made considering the technical data. Then, the energy consumed by the equipment used in the different processes was determined for 30 days, operating 24 hours a day, assuming power factors of 0.75 and 0.9. Finally, through analysis, calculations, and the application of the Pareto methodology, it was possible to identify that the process with the highest energy consumption is the cocoa refining step, since the equipment used in this process consumes more than 30% of energy from the total energy used for cocoa production

Analysis of a piezoelectric energy harvester system from footsteps of passersby

Piezoelectric materials can be used in applications designed to handle a wide range of input frequencies and forces to enable energy harvesting. Although several studies have been carried out on piezoelectric energy harvesting systems, this application is still under development. The purpose of this work is to analyze the behavior and the ability to generate electrical energy through the elements in piezoelectric tiles or platforms, specifically, piezoelectric disc elements with a diameter of 27 mm. To do this, a platform of about 130 x 75 cm was designed to capture the footsteps of people and transmit the impact force to sensors to determine the power generation capacity of the piezoelectric elements. Tests were carried out with people weighing between 75 kg and 85 kg and the measurements obtained made possible to identify the behavior of the system and to develop a mathematical model to estimate the energy generated through the platform. The piezoelectric elements used here proved to be fragile despite the different types of shock absorbers used to avoid their rupture. Therefore, it is recommended to delve into the design of protection mechanisms to extend the life of piezoelectric elements in energy collection systems

Design and set up of a pulverized panela machine

The panela is a food well known in the world for its benefits to humans since provides energy necessary and essential nutrients for the development of the body's metabolic processes. This is obtained from sugar cane, and a substance-free ingredient that can affect health. While, in culinary and gastronomic arts sector is used as a sweetener. The process of obtaining the panela is developed by successive and prolonged boiling, which causes moisture loss and then concentrates and forms a tiny mass that when cooled solidifies into blocks. The research work carried out focuses on the static and dynamic analysis of the designed parts that allow various processes (whipped, sifted, and dried) for large-scale panela production, analyzes the behavior under different loads (mechanical stress, displacement, and thermal study) based on Finite Element Analysis (FEA) using SolidWorks and Comsol Multiphysics software. Clearly, is important to mention that an appropriate size for the mesh was considered along with Von Mises criteria to be compared with the elastic limit of the selected material for the definition of the final prototype which was designed following the Pahl and Beitz design methodology respectively. A modal analysis of the panela pulverized machine was performed to verify natural process frequencies and vibration modes. Also, a friendly HMI interface for the user was implemented considering the characterization of the users (workers, farmers) and the nature of the process (artisanal).The start-up of the panela pulverizing machine showed a dependence on the consistency and origin of the molasses, depending on this the capacity and size of the pulverized panela

Design and construction of a solar tracking system for Linear Fresnel Concentrator

An open circuit solar tracking system has been designed, manufactured, simulated and implemented for a handcrafted prototype of a small scale linear Fresnel reflector with a single axis of motion. The electronic control system is governed by an Arduino UNO R3 board and two main auxiliary systems; a Microstep Driver TB6600 and an RTC DS1302 module. Further, a mechanism was implemented that joins the reflectors to a stepper motor that executes a single movement per sequence, to move the set of reflector mirrors that make up the reflection system of the device. The positioning angles of the reflectors determined by the control algorithm models for solar tracking, allowed to feed the TONATIUH software to evaluate the path of the solar rays through the 3D modeling of the Linear Fresnel reflector on a real scale. The software was designed to follow the path of the sun by means of astronomical equations. In this way, the mirrors of the Linear Fresnel reflector can follow the solar path on a single axis from 7 am to 5 pm, making changes in the position of each element in 15-minute intervals. The percentage of position deviation of the reflectors does not exceed 1% between the location of the full-scale system mirrors and the position angles provided by the control algorithm. The efficiency of the implemented automatic solar tracking system increased by more than 50% compared to the manual tracking system

Edificios nZEB, análisis de la tendencia de investigación

In this paper, the research trend in relation to the NZEB buildings is explored, through the analysis of selected scientific articles published in 11 journals collected in chronological order from 2014 to 2020. The analysis is carried out on the basis and terms of annual investigative publications of the documents in relation to the NZEB, such as contributions made by countries, institutions, authors, and research topics covered. The study carried out uses a document review methodology. The analysis reveals a growing interest in energy efficiency research in recent times, implying that the importance that the construction industry attaches to NZEB in consequences of global warming and accelerating environmental problems. The findings also indicate that, during the period studied, researchers in developed economy areas such as the US and Italy contributed higher rates to promoting research on NZEB. Developing countries like China also went to great lengths to promote research. Research topics covered tend to focus on studies completed with NZEB project delivery and development, building rehabilitation, energy performance, and advanced technologies applied for energy improvement in buildings. This research provides a valuable platform for industry professionals and researchers to understand NZEB construction research trends and developments, including their applicability and their future research and contributions to the topic.En el presente trabajo se exploran la tendencia de investigación con relación a los edificios NZEB, mediante el análisis de artículos científicos seleccionados publicados en 11 revistas recopilados en orden cronológico desde el año 2014 hasta el 2020. El análisis se realiza en base y términos de publicaciones investigativas anuales de los documentos con relación a los NZEB, como contribuciones realizadas por países, instituciones, autores, y temas de investigación cubiertos. El estudio realizado utiliza una metodología de revisión documental. El análisis revela un creciente interés de investigación de rendimiento energético en los últimos tiempos, lo que implica la importancia que la industria de la construcción atribuye a NZEB en consecuencias al calentamiento global y problemática ambiental se está acelerando. Los hallazgos también indican que, durante el período estudiado, los investigadores de las zonas con economías desarrolladas como los EE. UU., e Italia contribuye-ron con índices más altos a promover la investigación sobre NZEB. Los países en desarrollo como China también hicieron grandes esfuerzos para promover la investigación. Los temas de investigación cubiertos tienden a centrarse en los estudios finalizados con la entrega y el desarrollo de proyectos de NZEB, rehabilitación de edificios, rendimiento energético y tecnologías avanzadas que se aplican para el mejoramiento energético en las edificaciones. Esta investigación proporciona una plataforma valiosa para que los profesionales e investigadores de la industria comprendan las tendencias y los desarrollos de investigación de la construcción NZEB, incluida su aplicabilidad, sus futuras investigaciones y contribuciones al tema

Characterization of mechanical vibrations in a metal structure using the transform Cepstrum

This work adequately characterizes and correlates the effects generated by inducing mechanical vibrations on a metallic structure as a means of determining or predicting potential alterations or failures in bodies used in civil and industrial works of a static nature. Vibration sensors (piezoelectric), experimental information capture software (Labview) and the application of signal processing and classification tools were used for this. Various previous works have used signal processing techniques such as Fourier and Wavelet. These show indications about the relationship between the processed signals and the structural alterations of the different tests. On this occasion, through the use of Cepstrum analysis as an alternative tool for the processing of mechanical vibrations and complementary to the use of a dissimilarity technique (Euclidean distance) for the assessment of the ability to differentiate between classes grouped according to the anomaly studied and The use of statistical indicators to evaluate the homogeneity of the data has made it possible to show deviations that can be linked to structural defects (perforation, welding, denting and shear) of a metallic armor at the laboratory level. Finally, it was evidenced that the use of Cepstrum coefficients as characteristic information of the anomaly, at an experimental level, broadens the knowledge base and undoubtedly allows the implementation of the bases to encourage the academic and commercial development of tools or techniques for remote inspection of static equipment that is of great use to society