The mismatch repair system protects against intergenerational GAA repeat instability in a Friedreich ataxia mouse model

Copyright @ 2012 Elsevier. The article can be accessed from the link below.This article has been made available through the Brunel Open Access Publishing Fund.Friedreich ataxia (FRDA) is an autosomal recessive neurodegenerative disorder caused by a dynamic GAA repeat expansion mutation within intron 1 of the FXN gene. Studies of mouse models for other trinucleotide repeat (TNR) disorders have revealed an important role of mismatch repair (MMR) proteins in TNR instability. To explore the potential role of MMR proteins on intergenerational GAA repeat instability in FRDA, we have analyzed the transmission of unstable GAA repeat expansions from FXN transgenic mice which have been crossed with mice that are deficient for Msh2, Msh3, Msh6 or Pms2. We find in all cases that absence of parental MMR protein not only maintains transmission of GAA expansions and contractions, but also increases GAA repeat mutability (expansions and/or contractions) in the offspring. This indicates that Msh2, Msh3, Msh6 and Pms2 proteins are not the cause of intergenerational GAA expansions or contractions, but act in their canonical MMR capacity to protect against GAA repeat instability. We further identified differential modes of action for the four MMR proteins. Thus, Msh2 and Msh3 protect against GAA repeat contractions, while Msh6 protects against both GAA repeat expansions and contractions, and Pms2 protects against GAA repeat expansions and also promotes contractions. Furthermore, we detected enhanced occupancy of Msh2 and Msh3 proteins downstream of the FXN expanded GAA repeat, suggesting a model in which Msh2/3 dimers are recruited to this region to repair mismatches that would otherwise produce intergenerational GAA contractions. These findings reveal substantial differences in the intergenerational dynamics of expanded GAA repeat sequences compared with expanded CAG/CTG repeats, where Msh2 and Msh3 are thought to actively promote repeat expansions.This study is funded under European Union Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013) under grant agreement number 242193/EFACTS. This article is made available through the Brunel Open Access Publishing Fund

Perancangan Bank Soal pada Universitas Bunda Mulia dengan Algoritma Smith Waterman

Kebutuhan pembuatan soal ujian yang sulit untuk dikoordinasikan dan adanya kemiripan soal ujian. Penelitian ini dilakukan bertujuan untuk menganalisis dan merancang aplikasi bank soal untuk Universitas Bunda Mulia agar dapat mempermudah dalam pengadaan ujian, dan untuk menyimpan soal dan jawaban yang telah di ujikan sehingga mempunyai record soal yang diujikan. Penelitian ini menggunakan algoritma Smith-Waterman sebagai filter dalam penyeleksian soal ujian. Metode pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan observasi langsung, studi pustaka, dan wawancara. Teknik pengujian kualitas perangkat lunak diuji menggunakan Blackbox Testing yang berdasarkan 4 karakteristik kualitas perangkat lunak model ISO 9126, yaitu: functionality, reliability, USAbility, dan efficiency menggunakan metode kuesioner. Hasil akhir yang diperoleh dari penelitian ini adalah aplikasi yang mampu memenuhi kebutuhan untuk pembuatan, pengumpulan dan pemfilteran soal. Adapun uji kualitas perangkat lunak dihasilkan dengan kriteria Baik, dengan persentase 78,2%

Pendapatan Asli Daerah Dan Dana Alokasi Umum Terhadap Anggaran Belanja Modal Di Provinsi Sulawesi Utara

The local government allocated funds in the form of capital expenditure in the budget to increase fixed assets. Capital expenditure allocation is based on local needs for facilities and infrastructure, both for the smooth implementation of the tasks for the government and public facilities. Therefore, in an effort to improve the quality of public services, local government should change the composition of spending. During this shopping areas more used to spending relatively less productive routine. This study carried out in North Sulawesi Provincial Government by taking the data used for the study include data on local revenues, general allocation funds, and capital expenditure obtained from the Finance and Assets Management Agency of North Sulawesi Province. The purpose of this study was to determine how much influence of local revenues and a general allocation of funds towards capital expenditure budget in North Sulawesi. The analytical method used is quantitative descriptive analysis method that describes the position of research variables studied and the effect of one variable with other variables. Data analysis techniques to test the hypothesis performed using multiple linear regression analysis were processed through SPSS. Based on the results simultaneously (test F) indicates that the variable revenue (X1), and the general allocation fund (X2) significantly affects the capital expenditure budget in North Sulawesi. While for the results of research partially (t test) showed that variabels local revenues and a general allocation fund a significant effect on capital expenditure in North Sulawesi

Seismic vulnerability assessment: Methodological elements and applications to the case of Romania

This paper is intended to present some studies undertaken in order to develop a seismic vulnerability estimation system to fit the needs of development of earthquake scenarios and of development of an integrated disaster risk management system for Romania. Methodological aspects are dealt with, in connection with the criteria of categorization of buildings, with the definition of parameters used for characterizing vulnerability, with the setting up of an inventory of buildings and with the calibration of parameters characterizing vulnerability. Action was initiated along the coordinates referred to in connection with the methodological aspects mentioned above. The approach was made, as far as possible, specific to the conditions of Romania. Some data on results obtained to date are presented.seismic vulnerability, vulnerability estimation, earthquake scenarios, categorization of buildings, inventory of buildings, expected earthquake impact

Asosiasi Cendawan Mikoriza Arbuskula (Cma) Pada Tanaman Laban (Vitex Pubescens Vahl)

Vitex pubescens Vahl is one of the many types of wood that grows in West Kalimantan. Vitex pubescens Vahl grow well in primary and secondary forests and on open lands burnt. People use Vitex pubescens Vahl for energy wood. The study of mycorrhizal fungi asosiation in Vitex pubescens Vahl aim to get the types of mycorrhizal and mycorrhizal density in Vitex pubescens Vahl stands. This research uses descriptive method by taking soil samples in the rhizosfere some level Vitex pubescens Vahl tree poles and trees. At each stage of growth Vitex pubescens Vahl each taken 3 plants. The results obtained in the Vitex pubescens Vahl stands found that eight morphotife. Obtain research results that the residual laban found eight CMA morfotipe spores which are all included in the genus Glomus. AMF spore density in stands of depth small trees (0-10 cm) with a spore density of 28-78 with a mean of 40 the number of spores and depth (10-20 cm) with a spore density of 35-75 with a mean of 54 the number of spores at a level depth tree (0-10 cm) with a spore density of 25-65 with a mean of 54 the number of spores and depth (10-20 cm) with a spore density of 26-51 with a mean of 32 number of spores. Key word: Vitex pubescens Vahl, assosiation, mycorrhizal, rhizosfere, glomu

SISTEM PENDUKUNG KEPUTUSAN PRIORITAS PENANGANAN KELUHAN PELANGGAN PLN MENGGUNAKAN METODE VIKOR

Pengambilan  keputusan pada suatu instansi merupakan hal yang sangat penting. PT. PLN (Persero) Area Kuprik  masih membutuhkan sebuah sistem untuk menangani masalah dalam penanganan keluhan pelanggan, yang di tangani terlebih dahulu hanya ditentukan menggunakan keluhan yang cepat masuk atau sesuai dengan waktu pelaoran, belum adanya pemanfaatan secara optimal.Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini  menggunakan Metode VIKOR (vise kriterijumska optimizacija kompromisno resenje) yang diharapkan dapat mempermudah pihak PLN dalam menentukan prioritas keluhan pelanggan secara tepat dan cepat, dimana metode vikor adalah salah satu metode yang proses pengambilan keputusan  alternatif yang terpilih merupakan alternatif terbaik yang mempunyai nilai Q terkecil.Aplikasi Sistem Pendukung Keputusan ini diharapkan dapat memberikan informasi mengenai prioritas keluhan pelanggan serta dapat menghasilkan suatu keputusan  yang tepat dan cepat dengan  melihat kriteria-kriteria yang telah menjadi pertimbangan dalam penentuan

Effect of Single vs. Pulsing Doses of Estradiol 17-β and Trenbolone Acetate in Finishing Steers Fed a High Concentrate Diet

The effect of implant dosing pattern on anabolic response was evaluated in predominately Angus steers (n=192). Steers, except the control, were implanted with 1 of 3 different implant strategies. Cumulatively all implant treatments received a dose of 24 mg estradiol 17-β (E2) and 120 mg trenbolone acetate (TBA). Dosing patterns were 8 mg E2 and 40 mg TBA given 3 times; 12 mg E2 and 60 mg TBA given 2 times or 24 mg E2 and 120 mg TBA given 1 time. Implanted cattle had heavier body weights, increased average daily gain, and lower feed conversion compared to non-implanted controls. There were no differences among the implant treatments for cumulative 133 d body weight gain or average daily gain. Carcass quality was not affected by implant or implant dosing pattern. Dosing pattern did have an affect on growth patterns

Pengaruh Kecakapan Profesional, Independensi Dan Lama Bekerja Terhadap Hasil Pemeriksaan Auditor Internal Pada Inspektorat Kabupaten/kota Di Provinsi Sulawesi Utara

In the area of financial management supervision entrusted by the Government Internal Supervisory Apparatus (APIP) as an internal auditor internal auditor eventually require attention to the quality of the examination done. Many factors affect the quality of audit reports become among other professional qualifications, independence and work experience. Professional qualifications and independence of the auditor is seen with regard to both th equality audit process and the audit results. Experienced auditors have advantages, including in terms of detecting errors, faults accurately understand, and look for the cause of the error. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of professional competence, independence, and long working against the results of an internal auditor a the District / City in the province of North Sulawesi. Data collection methods used by the survey with a questionnaire containing a list of questions that are answered by the respondents selected that the internal auditor inspectorate. Data analysis techniques to test the hypothesis done using simple linear regression analysis and multiple linear regression were processed through SPSS ver 18.0. Based on the research results simultaneously (F test) showed that professionals kills variable (X1), Independence (X2), and longer working (X3) significantly affects the results of the internal auditor in thei nspectorate districts / citiesin North Sulawesi. As for theresults of research partially (t test) showed that the professional competence and independence of the variables significantly influence the results of the internal auditor in the inspectorate districts / cities in North Sulawesi, while for the old variable work does not affect the results of the auditor on the inspectorate district / city in North Sulawesi Province

Pengaruh Penambahan Tepung Bunga Marigold (Tagetes SP) Sebagai Sumber Karotenoid Untuk Meningkatkan Warna Ikan Komet (Carrasius Auratus Auratus)

Ikan komet merupakan salah satu jenis ikan hias air tawar yang banyak diminatioleh masyarakat. Peningkatan kualitas warna diperlukan untuk ikan ini agar dapat menghasilkan kualitas warna terbaik. Metode yang signifikanuntuk meningkatkan kualitas warna adalah dengan menambahkan tepung bunga Marigold sebagai sumber karotenoid ke dalam pakan buatan agar dapat meningkatkan kecerahan warna pada ikan komet. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mempelajari dosis terbaik dalam penambahan tepung bunga marigold pada intensitas warna yang diukur dengan Toca Colour Finder Modified (M-TCF) dan spektrofotometer. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan merekatkan tepung bunga marigold pada pakan komersil menggunakan minyak ikan. Penelitian menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap (RAL) dengan 4 perlakuan dan 3 ulangan yaitu : 0 % (A atau kontrol), 0,6 % (B), 0,9 % (C), dan 1,2 % (D). Padat tebar adalah 15 ekor/ cm 3 selama 40 hari di akuarium ukuran 60x40x40 cm3 . Tepung bunga Marigold memberikan dampak yang signifikan pada warna ikan komet. Data pertumbuhan mutlak panjang dan berat untuk studi ikan komet tidak memberikan pengaruh signifikan, namun tepung bunga Marigold secara signifikan mempengaruhi tingkat kelangsungan hidup. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan terbaik adalah C yang memberikan kecerahan tertinggi