Therapeutic Effects of Novel Sphingosine-1-Phosphate Receptor Agonist W-061 in Murine DSS Colitis

Although IL-17 is a pro-inflammatory cytokine reportedly involved in various autoimmune inflammatory disorders, its role remains unclear in murine models of colitis. Acute colitis was induced by 2.5% dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) treatment for 5 days. A novel sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor agonist W-061, a prototype of ONO-4641, was orally administered daily, and histopathological analysis was performed on the colon. The number of lymphocytes and their cytokine production were also evaluated in spleen, mesenteric lymph node, Peyer's patch and lamina propria of the colon. Daily administration of W-061 resulted in improvement of DSS-induced colitis, and significantly reduced the number of CD4+ T cells in the colonic lamina propria. Numbers of both Th17 and Th1 cells were reduced by W-061 treatment. W-061, however, had no influence on the number of Treg cells in lamina propria. Thus, Th17 and Th1 cells in lamina propria were thought to be the key subsets in the pathogenesis of DSS-induced colitis. In conclusion, W-061 may be a novel therapeutic strategy to ameliorate acute aggravation of inflammatory bowel diseases

バム強震観測点周辺の建築物被害

The post-earthquake investigations of the Bam, Iran earthquake of Dec. 26, 2003 were conducted by the Joint Reconnaissance Team of the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT), the Japan Association for Earthquake Engineering (JAEE), the Architectural Institute of Japan (AIJ) and the Japan Society for Civil Engineers (JSCE) in collaboration with the International Institute of Earthquake Engineering and Seismology (IIEES) from Feb. 23 2004 to Mar. 4 2004. This paper reports the results of a damage evaluation of buildings around the Bam Seismological Observatory operated by the Building and Housing Research Center (BHRC). The results show that many residential houses in the investigated area were seismically vulnerable structures such as adobe and simple masonry structures. Poor construction quality was also found in some of the investigated buildings designed according to the current Iranian seismic code. Moreover, a good correlation between wall area ratio and damage levels was observed. Therefore, wall area ratio may be applicable for evaluating seismic capacity and screening retrofit candidates

Indian Monsoonal Variations During the Past 80 Kyr Recorded in NGHP-02 Hole 19B, Western Bay of Bengal: Implications From Chemical and Mineral Properties

金沢大学理工研究域地球社会基盤学系Detailed reconstruction of Indian summer monsoons is necessary to better understand the late Quaternary climate history of the Bay of Bengal and Indian peninsula. We established a chronostratigraphy for a sediment core from Hole 19B in the western Bay of Bengal, extending to approximately 80 kyr BP and examined major and trace element compositions and clay mineral components of the sediments. Higher δ 18 O values, lower TiO 2 contents, and weaker weathering in the sediment source area during marine isotope stages (MIS) 2 and 4 compared to MIS 1, 3, and 5 are explained by increased Indian summer monsoonal precipitation and river discharge around the western Bay of Bengal. Clay mineral and chemical components indicate a felsic sediment source, suggesting the Precambrian gneissic complex of the eastern Indian peninsula as the dominant sediment source at this site since 80 kyr. Trace element ratios (Cr/Th, Th/Sc, Th/Co, La/Cr, and Eu/Eu*) indicate increased sediment contributions from mafic rocks during MIS 2 and 4. We interpret these results as reflecting the changing influences of the eastern and western branches of the Indian summer monsoon and a greater decrease in rainfall in the eastern and northeastern parts of the Indian peninsula than in the western part during MIS 2 and 4. © 2018. American Geophysical Union. All Rights Reserved

Phylogenetic Analysis of Newcastle Disease Virus Genotypes Isolated in Japan

We genetically analyzed field isolates of the Newcastle disease (ND) virus isolated in Japan from 1930 to 2001. The coding region of the fusion protein was amplified by reverse transcriptase PCR and directly sequenced. Phylogenetic analysis revealed the presence of viruses belonging to six of the eight known genotypes. It can be concluded from this study that ND outbreaks in Japan have been of multiple etiologies

Building Damage around Bam Seismological Observatory Following the Bam, Iran Earthquake of Dec. 26, 2003

The post-earthquake investigations of the Bam, Iran earthquake of Dec. 26, 2003 were conducted by the Joint Reconnaissance Team of the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT), the Japan Association for Earthquake Engineering (JAEE), the Architectural Institute of Japan (AIJ) and the Japan Society for Civil Engineers (JSCE) in collaboration with the International Institute of Earthquake Engineering and Seismology (IIEES) from Feb. 23 2004 to Mar. 4 2004. This paper reports the results of a damage evaluation of buildings around the Bam Seismological Observatory operated by the Building and Housing Research Center (BHRC). The results show that many residential houses in the investigated area were seismically vulnerable structures such as adobe and simple masonry structures. Poor construction quality was also found in some of the investigated buildings designed according to the current Iranian seismic code. Moreover, a good correlation between wall area ratio and damage levels was observed. Therefore, wall area ratio may be applicable for evaluating seismic capacity and screening retrofit candidates

Side-Channel Attack using Order 4 Element against Curve25519 on ATmega328P

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