16 research outputs found

    La gratuitĂ© des soins et ses effets sociaux : entre renforcement des capabilitĂ©s et du pouvoir d’agir (empowerment) au Burkina Faso

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    La documentation sur les interventions de gratuitĂ© sĂ©lective des soins est encore insuffisante et surtout focalisĂ©e sur leurs effets au niveau de l’utilisation des services de santĂ© ou de la rĂ©duction des dĂ©penses catastrophiques. Leurs effets sociaux sont occultĂ©s par les recherches. L’originalitĂ© de cette thĂšse tient au fait qu’elle constitue la premiĂšre recherche qui s’est consacrĂ©e Ă  cela. Ses rĂ©sultats sont structurĂ©s en quatre articles. Le premier article montre que la gratuitĂ© sĂ©lective des soins est socialement acceptĂ©e, car elle est vue comme contributive au renforcement du lien social. Toutefois, le choix des cibles bĂ©nĂ©ficiaires est remis en cause. Au nom d’arguments moraux et humanitaires, les communautĂ©s prĂ©fĂšrent inclure les personnes ĂągĂ©es dans le ciblage, quitte Ă  les substituer aux plus pauvres, les indigents. NĂ©anmoins, le ciblage des indigents n’a pas entrainĂ© de stigmatisation. Le deuxiĂšme article souligne que la fourniture gratuite de soins aux populations par les villageois membres des comitĂ©s de gestion des centres de santĂ© a contribuĂ© au renforcement de leur pouvoir d’agir et celui de leur organisation. Cependant, pour que la participation communautaire soit effective, l’étude montre qu’elle doit s’accompagner d’un renforcement des compĂ©tences des communautĂ©s Le troisiĂšme article soutient que la suppression du paiement des soins a permis aux femmes de ne plus avoir besoin de s’endetter ou de nĂ©gocier constamment avec leurs maris pour disposer de l’argent des consultations prĂ©natales ou des accouchements. Ce qui a contribuĂ© Ă  leur empowerment et rendu possible l’atteinte d’autres rĂ©alisations au plan sanitaire (augmentation des accouchements assistĂ©s), mais aussi social (renforcement de leur position sociale). Le quatriĂšme article s’est intĂ©ressĂ© Ă  Ă©tudier la pĂ©rennitĂ© de ces interventions de gratuitĂ© des soins. Les rĂ©sultats suggĂšrent que le degrĂ© de pĂ©rennitĂ© de la prise en charge des indigents (district de Ouargaye) est moyen correspondant au degrĂ© le plus Ă©levĂ© dans une organisation alors que celui de la gratuitĂ© des accouchements et des soins pour les enfants (districts de Dori et de Sebba) est prĂ©caire. Cette diffĂ©rence de pĂ©rennitĂ© est due principalement Ă  la diffĂ©rence d’échelle (taille des populations concernĂ©es) et d’ampleur (inĂ©galitĂ© des ressources en jeu) entre ces interventions. D’autres facteurs ont aussi influencĂ© cette situation comme les modalitĂ©s de mise en Ɠuvre de ces interventions (approche projet Ă  Dori et Sebba vs approche communautaire Ă  Ouargaye) Au plan des connaissances, l’étude a mis en exergue plusieurs points dont : 1) l’importance de prendre en compte les valeurs des populations dans l’élaboration des rĂ©formes ; 2) la pertinence sociale du ciblage communautaire de sĂ©lection des indigents ; 3) la capacitĂ© des communautĂ©s Ă  prendre en charge leurs problĂšmes de santĂ© pourvu qu’on leur donne les ressources financiĂšres et la formation minimale ; 4) l’importance du processus de pĂ©rennisation, notamment la stabilisation des ressources financiĂšres nĂ©cessaires Ă  la continuitĂ© d’une intervention et l’adoption de risques organisationnels dans sa gestion ; 5) l’importance de la suppression de la barriĂšre financiĂšre au point de services pour renforcer l’empowerment des femmes et son corolaire leur recours aux services de soins.The present evidence on free selective assistance of health care is still insufficient and mostly focused on their effects on the use of health services or the reductions of catastrophic expenses. Most times, their social dimension is often hidden. The originality of this thesis lies on the fact that it is the first research that focused on the social effects of the free selective health care interventions. The results are structured under four articles. The first article shows that free selective health care interventions are well accepted since it is seen as a contributor to reinforce social connection. However, the choice of the target recipients is questioned. For moral and humanitarian reasons, communities prefer the inclusion of older people in the target population in place of the poor. Yet, targeting the poor did not lead to stigmatization. The second article showed that providing free health care to the population by the management committee members of the health centers contributed to strengthening their ability to act as well as that of their organization. Yet, for an effective involvement of the community, the study shows that their services must be followed by a reinforcement of their competence. The third article supports the evidence that the removal of health fees has enabled women to no longer have the need to borrow or negotiate the approval of their husbands to have money for antenatal and deliveries care. As a result, it contributed to their empowerment and helped them to reach other health (increased of assisted childbirth) and social goals (elevating their social status.) The fourth article explores the sustainability of free selective health care interventions. The results estimate that the sustainability level of free healthcare for indigent (Ouargaye) is medium corresponding to the highest level in an organization whereas the gratuity of childbirth and health care for children (Dori and Sebba) is precarious. This disparity is mainly caused by a scale difference (size of the population involved) and the magnitude (inequality of the resources involved) between these interventions. Other factors such as the modalities of implementations of these interventions (project strategy in Dori and Sebba vs communal strategy in Ouargaye) played a role. The study has lead to several outcomes such as: 1) The significance of taking into account the values of the population when planning reforms; 2) The efficiency and social significance of common targeting of the needy; 3) The ability of communities to get involved and take care of their health problems assuming that they are provided with financial resources and minimum training; 4) The importance of the process of sustainability especially the stabilization of financial resources necessary for the continuity of the intervention and the adoption of organizational risks in its management; 5) The importance of removing financial barriers to services in order to enhance women’s empowerment and its corollary , their use of social services

    Burkina Faso : la gratuité des soins aux dépens de la relation entre les femmes et les soignants ?

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    Les trois auteurs de cet article ont menĂ© deux Ă©tudes en 2010 et 2011 dans deux rĂ©gions du Burkina Faso durant six mois passĂ©s sur le terrain. S’ils constatent que la gratuitĂ© des soins permet indĂ©niablement un meilleur accĂšs des femmes au systĂšme de santĂ©, ils remarquent qu’elle ne met pas fin pour autant aux discriminations dont ces derniĂšres sont victimes. Ce faisant, ils font leur cette affirmation d’Amartya Sen : « L’indĂ©pendance Ă©conomique tout comme l’émancipation sociale des femmes crĂ©ent une dynamique qui remet en cause les principes gouvernant les divisions, au sein de la famille et dans l’ensemble de la sociĂ©tĂ© et influence tout ce qui est implicitement reconnu comme Ă©tant leurs “droits”. 

    Rethinking development interventions through the lens of decoloniality in sub-Saharan Africa : the case of global health

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    There has been much talk about decolonizing global health lately. The movement, which has arisen in various communities around the world, suggests an interesting critique of the Western dominant model of representations. Building upon the ‘decolonial thinking’ movement from the perspective of Francophone African philosophers, we comment on its potential for inspiring the field of global healthinterventions. Using existing literature and personal reflections, we reflect on two widely known illustrations of global health interventions implemented in sub-Saharan Africa – distribution of contraceptives and dissemination of Ebola virus prevention and treatment devices – featuring different temporal backdrops. We show how these solutions have most often targeted the superficial dimensions of global health problems, sidestepping the structures and mental models that shape the actions and reactions of African populations. Lastly, we question the ways through which the decolonial approach might indeed offer a credible positioning for rethinking global health interventions

    Conducting gender-based analysis of existing databases when self-reported gender data are unavailable: the GENDER Index in a working population

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    Objectives Growing attention has been given to considering sex and gender in health research. However, this remains a challenge in the context of retrospective studies where self-reported gender measures are often unavailable. This study aimed to create and validate a composite gender index using data from the Canadian Community Health Survey (CCHS). Methods According to scientific literature and expert opinion, the GENDER Index was built using several variables available in the CCHS and deemed to be gender-related (e.g., occupation, receiving child support, number of working hours). Among workers aged 18–50 years who had no missing data for our variables of interest (n = 29,470 participants), propensity scores were derived from a logistic regression model that included gender-related variables as covariates and where biological sex served as the dependent variable. Construct validity of propensity scores (GENDER Index scores) were then examined. Results When looking at the distribution of the GENDER Index scores in males and females, they appeared related but partly independent. Differences in the proportion of females appeared between groups categorized according to the GENDER Index scores tertiles (p < 0.0001). Construct validity was also examined through associations between the GENDER Index scores and gender-related variables identified a priori such as choosing/avoiding certain foods because of weight concerns (p < 0.0001), caring for children as the most important thing contributing to stress (p = 0.0309), and ability to handle unexpected/difficult problems (p = 0.0375). Conclusion The GENDER Index could be useful to enhance the capacity of researchers using CCHS data to conduct gender-based analysis among populations of workers

    The role of mutuals and community-based insurance in social health protection systems: International experience on delegated functions

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    L’architecture institutionnelle sur laquelle repose la protection sociale de la santĂ© varie selon les pays, de mĂȘme que les acteurs et organismes impliquĂ©s. Dans certains pays, les sociĂ©tĂ©s mutualistes et organismes d’assurance maladie communautaire jouent un rĂŽle central. Dans les annĂ©es 1990, ces structures ont Ă©tĂ© promues, notamment parce qu’elles constituaient un moyen d’étendre la couverture de la sĂ©curitĂ© sociale, en particulier en Afrique subsaharienne. Aujourd’hui, l’adoption du Programme de dĂ©veloppement durable Ă  l’horizon 2030 et une nouvelle volontĂ© politique de parvenir Ă  la couverture universelle ont conduit Ă  s’interroger sur le rĂŽle des mutuelles et organismes d’assurance maladie communautaire. Toutefois, peu d’études ont Ă©tĂ© consacrĂ©es Ă  leur place dans les systĂšmes nationaux de sĂ©curitĂ© sociale. Cette Ă©tude exploratoire, qui repose sur l’analyse de 49 documents couvrant 18 pays rĂ©partis dans le monde entier, est axĂ©e sur la dĂ©lĂ©gation de fonctions en faveur des mutuelles/organismes d’assurance maladie communautaire dans les systĂšmes nationaux de protection sociale de la santĂ©. Ses rĂ©sultats rĂ©vĂšlent la dynamique de cette dĂ©lĂ©gation au fil du temps et des processus de mise en Ɠuvre. Ils mettent en lumiĂšre des pistes de rĂ©flexion de nature Ă  Ă©clairer la formulation de l’action publique. -- Mots-clĂ©s : MutualitĂ© ; protection sociale ; santĂ© ; rĂ©gimes de sĂ©curitĂ© sociale ; assurance maladie; international

    Rethinking development interventions through the lens of decoloniality in sub-Saharan Africa: The case of global health

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    There has been much talk about decolonizing global health lately. The movement, which has arisen in various communities around the world, suggests an interesting critique of the Western dominant model of representations. Building upon the ‘decolonial thinking’ movement from the perspective of Francophone African philosophers, we comment on its potential for inspiring the field of global healthinterventions. Using existing literature and personal reflections, we reflect on two widely known illustrations of global health interventions implemented in sub-Saharan Africa – distribution of contraceptives and dissemination of Ebola virus prevention and treatment devices – featuring different temporal backdrops. We show how these solutions have most often targeted the superficial dimensions of global health problems, sidestepping the structures and mental models that shape the actions and reactions of African populations. Lastly, we question the ways through which the decolonial approach might indeed offer a credible positioning for rethinking global health interventions
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