MamoSite® RTS

Resumo: Pretende-se analisar o procedimento da técnica MammoSite® RTS, assim como as suas vantagens e desvantagens, através de uma pesquisa bibliográfica. Verificou-se que é uma técnica relativamente simples e com melhores resultados, quando comparada com outras técnicas de tratamento. No entanto é importante continuar a investigar, para que se possa comprovar a sua eficácia. Introdução/Objectivos: A técnica MammoSite® RTS é utilizada no tratamento de doentes com carcinomas da mama em estadios precoces (T1/T2 e N0 ou N1), previamente submetidas a lumpectomia e dissecação ganglionar. Esta é uma técnica relativamente recente e que introduz uma nova abordagem da radiação aos tecidos adjacentes à loca tumoral. Pretende-se compreender o procedimento necessário à realização desta técnica, bem com as suas principais vantagens e desvantagens

Eco-friendly Evaluation of Rifaximin in Tablets by Capillary Electrophoresis

Rifaximin, an oral antimicrobial, has no standardized analytical methods in many official compendia. In this context, the aim was to develop and validate an analytical method by capillary electrophoresis for quantification of rifaximin in tablets. The choice of capillary electrophoresis was based on the concepts of green analytical chemistry, taking into account the health of the operator and environment, analytical conscience, as well as the parameters of linearity, selectivity, precision, accuracy and robustness. The method was linear between 50 and 500 μg mL-1 (r = 0.9993) using purified water and ethanol in the sample preparation, silica capillary, borate buffer 25 mM pH 9.5, 20 kV and 290 nm. It presented good precision intraday (1.30%) and interday (1.56%). The accuracy complied with average recovery of 100.24%, as well as selectivity in the presence of impurities and degradation products and robustness against variations in the concentration, pH, rinse time of the buffer, voltage, wavelength, injection time and temperature. The capillary electrophoresis method developed for the evaluation of rifaximin tablets is low cost, fast, miniaturized, clean and environmentally friendly and can be used by laboratories and chemical and pharmaceutical industries for quality control of the drug.status: publishe

Application of the Principles of Green Chemistry for the Development of a New and Sensitive Method for Analysis of Ertapenem Sodium by Capillary Electrophoresis

An innovative method is validated for the analysis of ertapenem sodium by capillary electrophoresis using potassium phosphate buffer 10 mM pH 7 and 15 kV voltage, in the concentration range of 70 to 120 μg mL-1. Ertapenem had a migration time of 3.15 minutes and the linearity curve was y = 2281.7 x - 24495 with a R2 = 0.9994. Thus, we propose a routine analysis method that meets the principles of green analytical chemistry for the routine analysis of ertapenem sodium by capillary electrophoresis.status: publishe

Evaluation and degradation chemistry of orbifloxacin using LC-MS

Orbifloxacin (ORBI) was subjected to different ICH (Q1A(R2)) prescribed stress conditions of thermal stress, hydrolysis, oxidation and photolysis. It was stable to dry heat (60 ºC) and photolysis (UV-VIS) in solid form. It showed extensive decomposition under hydrolytic and photolytic conditions in acid, base and neutral solutions. Degradation was also observed in oxidative condition. Degradation products of ORBI formed under different forced conditions were characterized through LC–MS studies. In total, eleven major degradation products (DP1-DP11) were detected. Successful separation of drug and degradation products formed under various stress conditions was achieved on a analytical column SymmetryShield Waters RP18, 5 µm, 250 x 4.6 mm using 5% acetic acid and methanol as mobile phase in a gradient mode at flow rate of 0.5 ml/min. The peaks were detected using a PDA detector set at 290 nm. The method was extended to LC–APCI-MS for characterization of the degradation products and the pathways of decomposition were proposed.Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq

New and potential properties, characteristics, and analytical methods of ferulic acid: A review

Phenolic compounds are widely distributed in the plant kingdom and in the microorganisms. Cinnamic acid and its hydroxylated derivative-ferulic acid, are phenolic compounds. Ferulic acid possesses antioxidant potential, as well as anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial properties. It prevents the harmful effects of radiation both as an ultraviolet absorber and as a free radical scavenger; it is not cytotoxic. Although ferulic acid has beneficial properties, it is hardly used in cosmetic preparations and has been rarely studied in the literature. Herein, we review the literature on ferulic acid, to provide information which can contribute to further research on the compound

Study of physical-chemical stability in contaminated conditioners by bacteria

This work was carried out accelerated stability study that aims to provide data to predict the stability of the product. Emulsions were analyzed with and without preservatives, deliberately contaminated with Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa and samples with no contaminants. The test formulations were subjected to stress conditions to accelerate the emergence of signs of instability. The conditions used were: heating in oven (45 ± 2 ºC), cooling in the refrigerator (5 ± 2 ºC) and room temperature (22 ± 2 ºC). The samples were evaluated at time zero, 24 hours, 7, 15, 30, 60 and 90. We evaluated the organoleptic characteristics (appearance, color and odor) and the physico-chemical (pH, rheological behavior and density). Based on the results obtained in accelerated stability tests, it was observed that the inoculation of microorganisms do not result in significant changes and did not affect the physico-chemical properties, once the samples did not change, even though all situations in which theoretically would facilitate the process of instability. These results reflect the importance of microbiological control of cosmetic products, once the deliberate contamination of creams did not influence the physical stability of the formulation.Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq

Development of an anti-aging cream with AHA/BHA and sunscreens

The skin aging is a matter of discomfort verified in the population. Thus, every day, new products are launched on the market to offer different manners to prevent the premature aging of the skin. In this context, active substances, as alpha and beta hidroxyacids (AHA/BHA), beyond the sunscreens, are considered a way of prevention and amelioration of the effects caused in the skin due to the time. The aim of this study was to develop and evaluate a cosmetic cream containing AHA/BHA and sunscreen. It was studied in relation to its physical-chemical and microbiological characteristics. According to the results, the formulation developed present a shelf life of 758 days and the preservative system was effective. Considering the parameters evaluated, the cream probably would be commercially accepted