Chemical composition and fermentative characteristics of old man saltbush silage supplemented with energy concentrates

The objective of this study was to evaluate the fermentation profile and chemical composition of old man saltbush (Atriplex nummularia Lindl.) silage supplemented with cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) scraps or grain sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) in the proportion of 10% based on natural matter. The experimental design was completely randomized, in a 3 x 7 factorial arrangement (3 treatments and 7 opening days), with three replications. The treatments consisted of three silages: old man saltbush silage, old man saltbush silage + cassava scrap, and old man saltbush silage + grain sorghum. The experiment was conducted at the EMBRAPA Semiarid Animal Nutrition Laboratory, located in the city of Petrolina-PE. Twenty-one experimental silos were used for each treatment; these silos were opened after 1, 3, 5, 7, 14, 28, and 56 days in ensiling. The pH, ammoniacal nitrogen and total nitrogen ratio, dry matter, crude protein, ether extract, mineral matter, organic matter, neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber, total carbohydrates, non-fibrous carbohydrate, and dry matter in vitro digestibility. The additives grain sorghum and cassava scrap increased the dry matter content and reduced pH values. N-NH3 NT-1 values increased as the fermentation processes progressed, and after 56 fermentation days were close to 11%. Silages were classified as excellent in the fermentation process. The addition of cassava scrap and grain sorghum favors the ensiling process of the old man saltbush, providing improvements in the silage nutritive value. During the storage period, the use of these additives promoted a reduction of total losses, inhibition of alcoholic fermentation, and greater carbohydrates recovery, resulting in silage with a nutritive value similar to that of fresh forage, representing an alternative source of additives

Effect of replacing Tifton 85 haylage with sorghum silage on intake and digestibility of nutrients and performance of beef cattle

Avaliaram-se o consumo e a digestibilidade dos nutrientes, o ganho de peso (GMD) e a convers?o alimentar (CA) em bovinos de corte recebendo dietas ? base de silagem de sorgo (SS) e pr?-secado de capim-tifton 85 como volumoso, nas seguintes propor??es: 0:100; 32:68; 66:34 e 100:0, respectivamente, com base na MS. As dietas (isonitrogenadas) foram formuladas para conter aproximadamente 12% de PB, adotando-se uma rela??o volumoso:concentrado de 60:40, na MS. Foram utilizados 24 animais mesti?os Holand?s x Zebu n?o-castrados (360 kg de PV) distribu?dos em um delineamento em blocos casualizados. Ap?s um per?odo de adapta??o de 15 dias, foram realizados tr?s per?odos experimentais de 28 dias. Para determina??o da excre??o fecal, utilizou-se a fibra em detergente ?cido indigest?vel (FDAi) como indicador. Os consumos m?dios di?rios de MS, MO, PB, EE, CT e NDT, em kg/dia, n?o foram influenciados pelas dietas, registrando-se valores m?dios de 9,46; 9,05; 1,20; 0,52, 7,4 e 6,23 kg/dia, respectivamente. As digestibilidades aparentes da MS, MO, PB e EE foram influenciadas de forma quadr?tica pelo n?vel de SS no volumoso, estimando-se digestibilidades m?nimas de 60,33; 61,58; 61,89 e 55,83% nos n?veis de 44,80; 47,18; 50,95 e 51,21% de silagem de sorgo, respectivamente. O GMD e a CA foram influenciados de forma quadr?tica pelos n?veis de SS e apresentaram valores m?ximos e m?nimos de 1,25 kg/dia e 7,66 para os n?veis de 60,95 e 67,04% de SS, respectivamente. O uso de silagem pr?-secada de capim-tifton 85 associada ? silagem de sorgo consistiu em boa alternativa de volumoso para termina??o de bovinos de corte. A inclus?o de aproximadamente 60% de silagem de sorgo no volumoso promoveu m?ximo ganho de peso estimado.Funda??o de Amparo ? Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais (FAPEMIG)Empresa de Pesquisa Agropecu?ria de Minas Gerais (EPAMIG)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico (CNPq)Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior (CAPES)Intake, digestibility of nutrients, daily weight gain, and feed conversion were evaluated in beef cattle receiving diets containing the following ratios of sorghum silage:Tifton 85 haylage: 0:100; 32:68; 66:34; and 100:0. Diets were formulated to be isonitrogenous (12% crude protein) with a forage:concentrate ratio of 60:40, on DM basis. Twenty-four crossbred Holstein x Zebu steers averaging 360 kg of initial body weight were distributed in a completely randomized block design with 15 days for diet adaptation followed by three experimental periods of 28 days each. Indigestible acid detergent fiber (IADF) was used to estimate fecal output. Mean daily intakes of DM, OM, CP, EE, TC, and TDN all were not affected by treatments with mean values of: 9.46, 9.05, 1.20, 0.52, 7.4, and 6.23 kg/day, respectively. Significant quadratic effects were observed for the apparent total tract digestibilities of DM, OM, CP, and EE with estimated minimum digestibilities of 60.33, 61.58, 61.89, and 55.83% for the levels of 44.80, 47.18, 50.95, and 51.21% of sorghum silage in the forage portion of the diet, respectively. Mean daily weight gain and feed conversion also were affected quadratically by increasing the level of sorghum silage in the forage portion of the diet with estimated maximum and minimum values of 1.25 kg/day and 7.66 for the levels of 60.95 and 67.04% of sorghum silage, respectively. Results indicated that varying dietary ratios of Tifton 85 haylage and sorghum silage is a good alternative for feeding forage to finishing beef cattle. Inclusion of approximately 60% of sorghum silage in the total dietary forage resulted in the greatest estimated weight gain

Blood, liver and rumen parameters of sheep fed diets containing detoxified castor bean meal

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar os parâmetros sanguíneos, hepáticos e ruminais, bem como caracterizare quantificar a população de protozoários ciliados, no rúmen de ovinos alimentados com dietas com farelo de mamona destoxificada (FM). Foram utilizados 32 ovinos, para a avaliação dos parâmetros sanguíneos e hepáticos, e quatro ovinos adultos fistulados no rúmen, para a avaliação dos parâmetros ruminais. A dieta controle foi composta por feno de capim‑buffel, milho em grão moído, ureia e farelo de soja (FS). Nos tratamentos, o FS foi substituído parcialmente  pelo FM a 15, 30 e 45% no concentrado. Não houve diferença, entre os tratamentos, quanto aos teores de ureia no soro, cuja média foi de 666,0 mg L‑1. Não houve diferença entre as dietas quanto à glicose, ao aspartato aminotranferase e à alanina aminotransferase, que tiveram média de 690,3 mg L‑1, 127,4 UI L‑1 e 16,9 UI L‑1, respectivamente. Os valores de nitrogênio amoniacal e pH apresentaram padrão linear crescente com a substituição do FS pelo FM. O gênero Entodinium foi o mais frequente em todos os tratamentos e obteve média geral de 76,4% do total de protozoários; otratamento sem inclusão do FM obteve a maior percentagem deste gênero entre os tratamentos. A dieta com substituição de 45% do farelo de soja pelo de mamona destoxificado favorece o ambiente ruminal.The objective of this work was to evaluate the blood, liver and rumen parameters, as well as to characterizeand quantify the population of ciliated protozoa in the rumen of sheep fed diets with detoxified castor bean meal(DCBM). Thirty‑two lambs were used, for the evaluation of blood and liver parameters, and four rumen‑cannulatedadult sheep were used to determine rumen parameters. The control diet was composed by buffel grass hay, groundcorn grain, urea and soybean meal (SBM). In the treatments, SBM was partially replaced by DCBM at 15, 30 and 45% in the concentrate. There was no significant difference, among treatments, for the serum‑urea contents whose mean value was 666.0 mg L‑1. There was no significant difference, among diets, for glucose, aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase, which had mean values of 690.3 mg L‑1, 127.4 IUL‑1 and 16.9 IUL‑1, respectively. The ammoniacal nitrogen and pH values had an increasing linear pattern with the replacement of SBM by DCBM. The genus Entodinium was the most frequent in all treatments and showed 76.4% overall mean of the total protozoa; the treatment without DCBM had the highest percentage of this genus among treatments. The diet substitution above 45% of soybean meal by the detoxified castor bean meal is favorable to the rumen environment

Educomunicação e suas áreas de intervenção: Novos paradigmas para o diálogo intercultural

oai:omp.abpeducom.org.br:publicationFormat/1O material aqui divulgado representa, em essência, a contribuição do VII Encontro Brasileiro de Educomunicação ao V Global MIL Week, da UNESCO, ocorrido na ECA/USP, entre 3 e 5 de novembro de 2016. Estamos diante de um conjunto de 104 papers executivos, com uma média de entre 7 e 10 páginas, cada um. Com este rico e abundante material, chegamos ao sétimo e-book publicado pela ABPEducom, em seus seis primeiros anos de existência. A especificidade desta obra é a de trazer as “Áreas de Intervenção” do campo da Educomunicação, colocando-as a serviço de uma meta essencial ao agir educomunicativo: o diálogo intercultural, trabalhado na linha do tema geral do evento internacional: Media and Information Literacy: New Paradigms for Intercultural Dialogue

Subprodutos da agroindústria e indicadores externos de digestibilidade aparente em caprinos.

Exportado OPUSMade available in DSpace on 2019-08-14T19:30:52Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 tese_salete_alves_de_moraes.pdf: 440658 bytes, checksum: a99f792d58d464413b925be92ee05b24 (MD5) Previous issue date: 3Foram avaliados os consumos e a digestibilidade dos nutrientes, balanços energético e nitrogenado e diferentes métodos de estimativa de produção fecal em caprinos em três experimentos, utilizando subprodutos da agroindústria e como volumoso o feno de tifton 85 (Cynodon sp.). Doze caprinos machos castrados SRD, com peso vivo médio de 18 kg foram distribuídos num delineamento inteiramente casualizado com quatro níveis de inclusão de subprodutos e repetições. Os subprodutos utilizados foram resíduos de semente de urucum, bagaço de caju desidratado e farelo da castanha de caju em níveis de inclusão de 18, 36, 46 e 72% e 10, 15, 20 e 25%, respectivamente. Os subprodutos foram obtidos de indústrias beneficiadoras de semente de urucum e de suco de frutas na região Nordeste, no estado do Ceará. Cada experimento constou de um período de 19 dias, sendo quatorze dias de adaptação e cinco dias de coleta de alimento fornecido, sobras, fezes e urina. A estimativa da produção fecal foi realizada utilizando-se a coleta total de fezes e os indicadores óxido crômico e Lignina Purificada e Enriquecida (LIPE®), como indicadores externos para comparação e validação, respectivamente. Os consumos de matéria seca (CMS), matéria orgânica (CMO), proteína bruta (PB) e energia bruta (EB) aumentaram linearmente com o incremento do subproduto de urucum nas dietas, entretanto, as digestibilidades aparentes de EB, fibra em detergente neutro (FDN) e fibra em detergente ácido (FDA) apresentaram decréscimo linear. O incremento de subproduto de urucum proporcionou balanços energéticos positivos, sem diferença significativa entre os níveis de inclusão, acontecendo da mesma forma para os balanços nitrogenados, porém, ocasionando uma diferença significativa (P<0,05) entre o menor (18%) e o maior nível de inclusão (72%), na retenção de nitrogênio, com valores médios de 33,36 e 35,72%, respectivamente. A inclusão do subproduto de caju ocasionou aumento linear de todos os nutrientes avaliados. Entretanto, provocou decréscimo linear nas digestibilidades aparentes da FDN e FDA e decréscimo quadrático na digestibilidade aparente da proteína bruta com inclusão do bagaço de caju desidratado. Os balanços energéticos foram positivos em todos os níveis de inclusão de subproduto de caju (531,41 a 1256,31kcal para 18 e 72%, respectivamente), porém, o balanço nitrogenado e retenção de nitrogênio em 18%de inclusão foram negativos (-0,44 e 7,27 respectivamente). A inclusão do farelo da castanha de caju nas dietas aumentou significativamente o consumo de extrato etéreo (0,98 unidades percentuais a cada 1% de adição de farelo de castanah) e diminuiu os consumos de FDN e FDA das dietas. As digestibilidades da PB e do EE aumentaram linearmente com a inclusão do farelo da castanha, a cada unidade percentual de inclusão, 1,15 e 0,22 unidades de aumento nas digestibilidades foram encontradas, respectivamente. Os balanços energéticos e nitrogenados foram positivos, mas não diferiram significativamente com o incremento do farelo da castanha, alcançando valores médios de 1629,83kcal e 5,98g, respectivamente. O indicador LIPE® foi válido para estimar a produção em fecal e a digestibilidade dos nutrientes em caprinos em todos os ensaios onde foi utilizado, se assemelhando ao método de coleta total. O óxido crômico quando utilizado nos ensaios da avaliação do urucum e do bagaço de caju desidratado também não apresentou diferença significativa com o método de coleta total, apesar de se mostrar diferente no ensaio de avaliação do farelo de castanha de caju, superestimando as digestibilidades aparentes do ensaio.The nutrients intakes and digestibilities, energetic and nitrogen balance were evaluated and different methods of goat fecal product estimate in three assays, using agroindustry by-products and hay of tifton 85 (Cynodon sp.)as roughage. Twelve goat castrated males SRD, average alive weight of 18 kg had been distributed in a design entirely randomized with four levels of inclusion of by-products and six repetitions. The by-products had been residues of anatto seeds (Bixa orellana L.), dehydrated cashew bagasse (Anacardium occidentale) and cashew nut meal in levels of inclusion of 18, 36, 46 and 72% and 10, 15, 20 and 25%, respectively. The by-products had been gotten of industries processing of anatto seeds and fruit juice in the Northeast region, in the state of Ceará. Each experiment consisted of a period of 19 days, being fourteen days of adaptation and five days of collection of supplied food, refusal, excrements and piss. The estimate of the fecal production was carried through using excrement total collects and the external markers chromic oxide and Purificated Enriched Lignin (LIPE®), as external marker for comparison and validation, respectively. The dry matter intake (DMI), organic matter (OMI), crude protein (CPI) and gross energy (GEI) had increased linearly with the increment of the by-product of anatto in the diets, however, the EB apparent digestibilities, neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent fiber (FDA) decreased linearly. The anatto by-product increment provided positive energy balance, without significant difference between the levels inclusions happening in the same way for the balance nitrogen, however, causing a significant difference (P<0,05) between the minor (18%) and the biggest level of inclusion (72%), in the nitrogen retention, with average values of 33,36 and 35,72%, respectively. The inclusion of the cashew by-product provided linear increase of all the nutrients evaluated. However, linear decrease was happened in apparent digestibilities of the NDF and ADF and quadratic decrease in the crude protein apparent digestibility with inclusion of the dehydrated cashew bagasse. The balance energetic was positive in all levels of cashew by-product inclusion (531.41 the 1256,31kcal for 18 and 72%, respectively), however, the nitrogen balance and nitrogen retention in 18%de inclusion was negative (-0,44 and -7,27 respectively). The meal cashew nut inclusion in diets increased the intake etereo extract significantly (0,98 percents units to each 1% of addition of meal cashew nut) and diminished the NDF and ADF intakes of diets. The CP and EE digestibilities were increased linearly with the inclusion of the meal cashew nut to each percents unit of inclusion, 1,15 and 0,22 units of increase in digestibilities had been found, respectively. The energy and nitrogen balance had been positive, but they had not significantly differed with the increment from the bran from the chestnut, reaching average values of 1629,83 kcal and 5,98 g, respectively. External marker LIPE® was valid to estimate fecal production and nutrients digestibility in goats at all the assays where it was used, if being similar to the method of total collection. The chromic oxide when used in the assays of the evaluation of anatto and the cashew bagasse dehydrated also it did not present significant difference with the method of total collection, although to reveal different in the assay of evaluation of the cashew nut meal, overestimating the apparent digestibilities of the assay

Concentrate levels for lambs grazing on buffel grass Doses de concentrado para cordeiros mantidos em pastos de capim-bufel

Use of concentrate for lambs grazing buffel grass may improve animal performance and animal traits. The objective of the present trial was to evaluate the final body weight, average daily gain, total weight gain and carcass traits (cold and hot carcass weights, cold and hot dressing percentages) of lambs grazing buffel grass and receiving different concentrate levels (0; 0.33; 0.66 and 1.0% of dry matter in relation to body weight). Forty lambs were used, ten animals by treatment, with 16.5 ± 2.0 kg of initial body weight, distributed in four groups. Experimental design was a completely randomized with ten replicates. Concentrate levels did not influence the final body weight, the average daily gain, total weight gain and cold and hot carcass weights. However, the increase of concentrate levels promoted higher cold and hot carcass yields.<br>O uso de concentrados para ovinos mantidos em pastagens de capim-bufel pode melhorar o desempenho produtivo e os parâmetros de carcaça dos mesmos. O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar o peso corporal final, o ganho médio diário e ganho de peso total além dos parâmetros de carcaça (pesos e rendimentos de carcaça quente e fria) de ovinos mantidos em pastos de capim-bufel recebendo doses crescentes de suplemento concentrado (0; 0,33; 0,66 e 1,0% na matéria seca do suplemento em relação ao peso corporal dos animais). Foram utilizados 40 ovinos machos, dez animais por tratamento, com peso corporal inicial médio de 16,5 ± 2,0 kg, distribuídos em quatro grupos. O delineamento experimental adotado foi o inteiramente casualizado com dez repetições. As doses de concentrado não influenciaram o peso corporal final, o ganho médio diário, o ganho de total, os pesos de carcaça quente e fria. Entretanto, o aumento nas doses de concentrado proporcionaram maiores rendimentos de carcaça quente e fria

Chemical and biochemical characterization of soybean produced under drought stress Caracterização química e bioquímica de soja produzida sob condições de déficit hídrico

Brazil is the second soybean (Glycine max L. Merrill) producer and exporter in the world. In 2005, soybean cultivated in the southeastern region of the country suffered drought stress imposed by adverse high temperatures and low humidity during its reproductive stage. Little information is available regarding the effect of drought stress on the quality of grains. In this study chemical and biochemical characteristics of five soybean samples belonging to three different cultivars grown under drought stress were evaluated. The samples did not meet standards for marketing and contained high amounts of green seeds. Grains were analyzed for appearance, 100 seed weight, humidity, water activity, proteins, lipids, lipoxygenase 1 activity, peroxides, and pigment contents after harvest and after 20 months of storage at room temperature. Acidity was measured also after 30 months of storage. The values of water activity and humidity were 0.6-0.7 and 8.7-11.9%, respectively, and they did not change during storage time, but there was an increase in acidity, which alludes to lipase activity. The activity of lipoxygenase 1 was greatly affected. Immediately after harvest, the green pigments were represented mainly by pheophytin a, followed by pheophytin b, small quantities of chlorophyll b and chlorophyll a, and traces of other chlorophyll derivatives. After 20 months of storage almost all green pigments had disappeared. Drought stress probably enhanced membrane permeability, which led to a lower pH and promoted transformation of chlorophylls to pheophytins.<br>O Brasil é o segundo maior produtor e exportador de soja (Glycine max L. Merrill) do mundo. Em 2005, a soja produzida no sudeste do Brasil sofreu estresse hídrico devido a temperaturas altas e umidade baixa durante o período reprodutivo. Pouco se sabe do efeito de déficit hídrico sobre a qualidade dos grãos. Neste trabalho, foram analisadas características químicas e bioquímicas de cinco amostras de soja, pertencentes a três cultivares que haviam sofrido déficit hídrico durante a fase de maturação. As amostras não atenderam às especificações para comercialização e continham elevado teor de grãos verdes. Foram analisados aparência, peso de 100 grãos, umidade, atividade de água, proteínas, lipídios, atividade de lipoxigenase 1, acidez, peróxidos e presença de pigmentos após a colheita e após 20 meses de armazenamento em temperatura ambiente. A acidez foi medida adicionalmente após 30 meses de armazenamento. A atividade de água e a umidade mantiveram-se constantes durante todo o período e variaram entre 0,6-0,7 e 8,7-11,9%, respectivamente, mas houve aumento de acidez, o que implica em atividade de lipases. A atividade da lipoxigenase foi fortemente prejudicada. Imediatamente após a colheita os pigmentos predominantes foram feofitina a e b, quantidades reduzidas de clorofila b e a e traços de outros compostos de degradação da clorofila. Após 20 meses de armazenamento, quase todos os pigmentos verdes haviam desaparecido. O estresse hídrico provavelmente aumentou a permeabilidade de membranas o que provocou redução de pH e promoveu a transformação de clorofilas em feofitinas

Urea levels in multiple supplement for lambs grazing on buffelgrass - doi: 10.4025/actascianimsci.v32i4.7829

The objective of present trial was to evaluate the intake of supplement dry matter, productive performance, carcass traits, and weight and yields of commercial meat cuts of lambs grazing on dormant buffelgrass pastures and receiving multiple supplementation containing different urea levels. Urea levels used were: 5, 8, 11 and 14% on dry matter. Thirty-six male lambs were used, nine animals per treatment, with 18.0 ± 2.0 kg initial body weight, distributed into four groups. The experimental design was completely randomized with nine replications. Urea levels in supplement did not influence productive performance, cold and hot carcass weight and yield and commercial meat cuts weight and yield (leg, shoulder, rib and brisket). Use of multiple supplements containing 11 and 14% of urea levels for lambs in dormant grazing pastures during the dry season may increase bioeconomic performance of this activity, as they promoted lower supplement intake and similar productive performance.The objective of present trial was to evaluate the intake of supplement dry matter, productive performance, carcass traits, and weight and yields of commercial meat cuts of lambs grazing on dormant buffelgrass pastures and receiving multiple supplementation containing different urea levels. Urea levels used were: 5, 8, 11 and 14% on dry matter. Thirty-six male lambs were used, nine animals per treatment, with 18.0 ± 2.0 kg initial body weight, distributed into four groups. The experimental design was completely randomized with nine replications. Urea levels in supplement did not influence productive performance, cold and hot carcass weight and yield and commercial meat cuts weight and yield (leg, shoulder, rib and brisket). Use of multiple supplements containing 11 and 14% of urea levels for lambs in dormant grazing pastures during the dry season may increase bioeconomic performance of this activity, as they promoted lower supplement intake and similar productive performance