Disruptive and Conventional Technologies for the Support of Logistics Processes: A Literature Review

The supply chain has become a key element of increasing the productivity and competitiveness of companies. To achieve this, it is essential to implement a strategy based on the use of technologies, which depends on knowledge of the scope and impact of logistics technologies. Therefore, this article aims to identify the main technologies supporting logistics management and supply chain processes to establish their functionality, scope, and impacts. For this, conventional technologies and technologies framed by the concept of Industry 4.0 that allow the implementation of Logistics 4.0 in companies are analyzed. As a result of searching databases such as Scopus, Web of Science, and Science Direct, we provide an analysis of 18 technologies focusing on their definition, scope, and the logistics processes involved. This study concludes that technologies in logistics management allow for a reduction in total costs, improve collaboration with suppliers and customers, increase the visibility and traceability of products and information, and support decision-making for all agents in the supply chain, including the final consumer

Sexual behavior, use of contraceptive methods and pregnancy in young people from a population affiliated in a health insurer company in Colombia 2018

Describe the average age of sexual life onset from young people and adolescents, the prevalence of contraceptive methods and explore determinants of pregnancy. A retrospective cohort (2014-2018) was followed by a health insurer of the subsidized regime in Colombia. The study sample consisted of 35,214 young people aged 10-24 years living in 21 municipalities of the Colombian Caribbean region. For the social determinants of pregnancy, a multivariate probit model was estimated using as explanatory variables, housing area, education, family functionality and sexual behavior. 10.3% of women and 14.1% of men had their first sexual encounter before age 14 and 43.5% of women and 37.4% of men began their sex life after age 17. From the young people who claimed to have started their sexual life, 70.9% of the men made use of the condom as a contraceptive method, while the women divided on average 27.2% for the pills and / or injections followed by 16 , 1% in the use of the subdermal implant. As determinants of pregnancy in young people under 20, it was found that variables such as suspending school years [Yes (β = 0.6, p = 0.006)], being planned with hormonal method [Yes (β = 0.5, p = 0.000)] or start sexual life [Between 10 to 14 years (β = 0.14, p = 0.000)], increase the likelihood of young women becoming pregnant at some time in their life. These results also showed that the schooling of the young [University (β = -0.4, p = 0.038)] and always use condoms in sexual intercourse [Yes (β = -0.5, p = 0.042)] help prevent the pregnancy event from occurring. The age of sexual onset establishes a basis on which decision makers should intervene for promote a safe sex life, from use of anticonceptives in young people and thus avoiding unplanned pregnancy

Perception, prevalence and factors associated to school bullying in young people from a population affiliated in a colombian health subsidized insurance company in 2018.

Describe the perception from young people about bullying, the prevalence of this event and explore the factors associated with being a victim. A retrospective cohort (2014-2018) was followed by a health insurer company of the subsidized regime in Colombia. The study sample consisted of 35,214 young people aged 10-24 years living in 21 municipalities of the Colombian Caribbean region. Means and standard deviation were expressed for continuous variables and frequencies for categorical variables. For the associated factors, a logistic model was estimated using as explanatory variables, sex, housing area, age range, family functionality, disability of the young person, disability of a family member and variables of psychological perception. 63.6% of young people answered that they have knowledge about what school bullying is, noting that as the schooling of the young person increases, the higher the proportion of positive response. The physical or verbal school bullying rate was 94 young people per 1,000. It was found that factors such as the youth feeling useless and guilty (OR = 3.14, p = 0.000), attending psychological counseling (OR = 1.78, p = 0.000), repeating years (OR = 1.49, p = 0.000), that the young person has a disability (OR = 1.33, p = 0.004), or a family member has a disability (OR = 1.27, p = 0.000), is associated with being a victim of bullying. Likewise, it was found that belonging to a highly functional family environment (OR = 0.57, p = 0.000) is a protective factor. School bullying is an event that needs attention and requires supervision of all those around young people, in order to avoid changes in behavior or suicide. Therefore, health systems must offer comprehensive care to prevent mental health risks related to bullying given their relationship with the presence of disability of the young person or a relativ

The evolution of the ventilatory ratio is a prognostic factor in mechanically ventilated COVID-19 ARDS patients

Background: Mortality due to COVID-19 is high, especially in patients requiring mechanical ventilation. The purpose of the study is to investigate associations between mortality and variables measured during the first three days of mechanical ventilation in patients with COVID-19 intubated at ICU admission. Methods: Multicenter, observational, cohort study includes consecutive patients with COVID-19 admitted to 44 Spanish ICUs between February 25 and July 31, 2020, who required intubation at ICU admission and mechanical ventilation for more than three days. We collected demographic and clinical data prior to admission; information about clinical evolution at days 1 and 3 of mechanical ventilation; and outcomes. Results: Of the 2,095 patients with COVID-19 admitted to the ICU, 1,118 (53.3%) were intubated at day 1 and remained under mechanical ventilation at day three. From days 1 to 3, PaO2/FiO2 increased from 115.6 [80.0-171.2] to 180.0 [135.4-227.9] mmHg and the ventilatory ratio from 1.73 [1.33-2.25] to 1.96 [1.61-2.40]. In-hospital mortality was 38.7%. A higher increase between ICU admission and day 3 in the ventilatory ratio (OR 1.04 [CI 1.01-1.07], p = 0.030) and creatinine levels (OR 1.05 [CI 1.01-1.09], p = 0.005) and a lower increase in platelet counts (OR 0.96 [CI 0.93-1.00], p = 0.037) were independently associated with a higher risk of death. No association between mortality and the PaO2/FiO2 variation was observed (OR 0.99 [CI 0.95 to 1.02], p = 0.47). Conclusions: Higher ventilatory ratio and its increase at day 3 is associated with mortality in patients with COVID-19 receiving mechanical ventilation at ICU admission. No association was found in the PaO2/FiO2 variation

Clustering COVID-19 ARDS patients through the first days of ICU admission. An analysis of the CIBERESUCICOVID Cohort

Background Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) can be classified into sub-phenotypes according to different inflammatory/clinical status. Prognostic enrichment was achieved by grouping patients into hypoinflammatory or hyperinflammatory sub-phenotypes, even though the time of analysis may change the classification according to treatment response or disease evolution. We aimed to evaluate when patients can be clustered in more than 1 group, and how they may change the clustering of patients using data of baseline or day 3, and the prognosis of patients according to their evolution by changing or not the cluster.Methods Multicenter, observational prospective, and retrospective study of patients admitted due to ARDS related to COVID-19 infection in Spain. Patients were grouped according to a clustering mixed-type data algorithm (k-prototypes) using continuous and categorical readily available variables at baseline and day 3.Results Of 6205 patients, 3743 (60%) were included in the study. According to silhouette analysis, patients were grouped in two clusters. At baseline, 1402 (37%) patients were included in cluster 1 and 2341(63%) in cluster 2. On day 3, 1557(42%) patients were included in cluster 1 and 2086 (57%) in cluster 2. The patients included in cluster 2 were older and more frequently hypertensive and had a higher prevalence of shock, organ dysfunction, inflammatory biomarkers, and worst respiratory indexes at both time points. The 90-day mortality was higher in cluster 2 at both clustering processes (43.8% [n = 1025] versus 27.3% [n = 383] at baseline, and 49% [n = 1023] versus 20.6% [n = 321] on day 3). Four hundred and fifty-eight (33%) patients clustered in the first group were clustered in the second group on day 3. In contrast, 638 (27%) patients clustered in the second group were clustered in the first group on day 3.Conclusions During the first days, patients can be clustered into two groups and the process of clustering patients may change as they continue to evolve. This means that despite a vast majority of patients remaining in the same cluster, a minority reaching 33% of patients analyzed may be re-categorized into different clusters based on their progress. Such changes can significantly impact their prognosis

Gestión del conocimiento. Perspectiva multidisciplinaria. Volumen 9

El libro “Gestión del Conocimiento. Perspectiva Multidisciplinaria”, volumen 9, de la Colección Unión Global, es resultado de investigaciones. Los capítulos del libro, son resultados de investigaciones desarrolladas por sus autores. El libro es una publicación internacional, seriada, continua, arbitrada de acceso abierto a todas las áreas del conocimiento, que cuenta con el esfuerzo de investigadores de varios países del mundo, orientada a contribuir con procesos de gestión del conocimiento científico, tecnológico y humanístico que consoliden la transformación del conocimiento en diferentes escenarios, tanto organizacionales como universitarios, para el desarrollo de habilidades cognitivas del quehacer diario. La gestión del conocimiento es un camino para consolidar una plataforma en las empresas públicas o privadas, entidades educativas, organizaciones no gubernamentales, ya sea generando políticas para todas las jerarquías o un modelo de gestión para la administración, donde es fundamental articular el conocimiento, los trabajadores, directivos, el espacio de trabajo, hacia la creación de ambientes propicios para el desarrollo integral de las instituciones

Study of Technological Surveillance in Electric River Mobility for Cargo Transport on the Atrato River, Colombia

Electric mobility is a modality that has been implemented worldwide, however, the importance of the use of this type of environmentally friendly energy occupies a space at the top of this list that to provide solutions in this regard, the National Navy through the Corporation of science and technology for the development of the maritime and river naval industry (COTECMAR), As part of the project executor, Design of an Eco-friendly electric vessel (ECOTEA) for cargo transport on the Atrato River, Colombia, the research project was carried out, technological surveillance study to know the advances and state of development in electric river mobility for cargo transport as an applicable alternative in the Atrato River, in Colombia, as part of the Energy Transformation for Environmentally Friendly Eco Transport, carried out by institutions recognized by the Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation, such as: the National University, Center for Research and Administrative Planning (CEIPA), Technological University of Chocó, University of Cartagena, the Institute of Environmental Research of Chocó and the Colombian Institute of Technical Standards and Certifications (ICONTEC), as co-executors of the project. The justification for this research project is based on the UN's Sustainable Development Goals, specifically number 7, which seeks to guarantee access to safe, sustainable and modern energy, as well as the commitments acquired by Colombia through the river master plan, which has as its main objective to obtain a more competitive river system. clean, safe and beneficial for national development, with the design and construction of an ecologically friendly vessel (ECOTEA), specifically on the Atrato River, benefiting an estimated population of 370 thousand people in the energy transition program. The development of the research was descriptive with a qualitative approach because it contributed to the planning of the roadmap to be drawn

A metaheuristic for the time-dependent vehicle routing problem considering driving hours regulations � an application in city logistics

New retail trends show the increasing importance of providing cost efficient deliveries in cities, where congestion and compliance with driving hours regulations should be incorporated into routing software. This paper introduces a large neighbourhood search algorithm that substantially improves the benchmark solutions (in terms of the number of vehicles required, travel distance and duty time) for the vehicle routing problem variant considering time windows, time-dependent travel times and driving hours regulations (EC) 561/2006 that apply to vehicles over 3.5 tons in European cities. Additionally, instances for The Road Transport (Working Time) Regulation 2005 that applies to drivers in the United Kingdom are introduced. The proposed algorithm is also used in scenarios that represent home delivery conditions to evaluate the impacts of the length of time windows, customer density, congestion and regulations in terms of cost and environmental impact

A discrete particle swarm optimization to solve the put-away routing problem in distribution centres

This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)Put-away operations typically consist of moving products from depots to allocated storage locations using either operators or Material Handling Equipment (MHE), accounting for important operative costs in warehouses and impacting operations efficiency. Therefore, this paper aims to formulate and solve a Put-away Routing Problem (PRP) in distribution centres (DCs). This PRP formulation represents a novel approach due to the consideration of a fleet of homogeneous Material Handling Equipment (MHE), heterogeneous products linked to a put-away list size, depot location and multi-parallel aisles in a distribution centre. It should be noted that the slotting problem, rather than the PRP, has usually been studied in the literature, whereas the PRP is addressed in this paper. The PRP is solved using a discrete particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm that is compared to tabu search approaches (Classical Tabu Search (CTS), Tabu Search (TS) 2-Opt) and an empirical rule. As a result, it was found that a discrete PSO generates the best solutions, as the time savings range from 2 to 13% relative to CTS and TS 2-Opt for different combinations of factor levels evaluated in the experimentation

Ultrastructural description of leaves from three araceae with hydrophobic characteristics

El estudio de los principios funcionales y estructurales de ciertas superficies biológicas permite su utilización en sistemas artificiales hechos por el hombre, campo denominado biomimetismo. Uno de los más importantes atributos de la cutícula de una planta es la hidrofobicidad, que permite a las plantas superar problemas físicos y fisiológicos ligados al medio ambiente-la desecación. El presente estudio describe ultraestructuralmente la superficie foliar de tres especies vegetales de Aráceas mediante microscopía electrónica de barrido (MEB) y la medición del ángulo de contacto, para identificar y describir patrones en la ultraestructura de la superficie foliar de diferentes especies de aráceas que presenten el fenómeno del efecto loto, para crear nuevos conocimientos para el posible desarrollo de nuevos materiales con dicha característica. Se utilizaron muestras de Xanthosoma roseum, Xanthosoma sagittifolium (tiquizque) y Philodendrun strictum. Los resultados obtenidos para los ángulos de contacto en la superficie foliar para el caso de X.roseum fue de 146.34±3.92º; P. strictum 138.32±4.02º y X. sagittifolium 143.63±0.42º. Las imágenes de MEB, indican una estructura binaria (micro y nanoestructura) en la superficie foliar de las Aráceas que es similar a la observada en diferentes estudios para la hoja “loto”. Estas superficies desarrollan una propiedad de autolimpieza y se caracterizan por el incremento de la repelencia al agua, pues son superficies hidrofobicas CA ≥ 90º y < 150º, donde las gotas de agua que caen sobre las superficies, pueden rodar de forma rápida y eliminar eficazmente un gran número de partículas de polvo que se adhieren a ellas.The study of functional and structural principles of some biological surfaces allows for their application in artificial man-made systems, a field called biomimetism. One of the most important attributes of the plant cuticle is hydrophobicity, it permits to overcome environmentally related physical and physiological issues, such as desiccation. This study describes ultrastructural features form the foliage of three species of Araceae by means of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and a contact angle goniometer. This allowed us to id and describe certain patterns from the leaves surface of different species which present the lotus effect which in turn will help to explain it in order to generate knowledge that later may translate in materials that retain such behavior. Xanthosoma roseum, Xanthosoma sagittifolium and Philodendrun strictum samples were collected and studied, resulting surface contact angles were 146.34 ± 3.92º, 143.63 ± 0.42º and 138.32 ± 4.02º. Noteworthy, SEM images indicate a binary structure (micro and nanostructurally) for the above mentioned species which is similar to that oberved in similar studies. Frequently, these surfaces exhibit a self-cleaning property and are characterized by a high hydrophobicity (CA ≥ 90º y < 150º) and water repellence where water drops roll rapidly over the leaves surface and thus eliminating an abundant number of dust particles adhered to them.Universidad de Costa Rica/[]/UCR/Costa RicaUCR::Vicerrectoría de Investigación::Unidades de Investigación::Ciencias Básicas::Centro de Investigación en Estructuras Microscópicas (CIEMIC