Aranhas epígeas da restinga da praia do Pântano do Sul, Florianópolis, SC: respostas ao impacto antrópico

TCC(graduação) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina. Centro de Ciências Biológicas. Biologia.A ordem Araneae é a segunda maior em número de espécies dentro da classe Arachnida, seguida apenas da ordem Acari, sendo composta por mais de 40 mil espécies conhecidas, distribuídas em 109 famílias, das quais 70 ocorrem no Brasil. As aranhas têm grande importância ecológica, pois são predadoras generalistas em ecossistemas terrestres, contribuindo no controle das populações de insetos e ocasionalmente de pequenos vertebrados. Este trabalho visou realizar um inventário da composição faunística de aranhas epígeas de restinga da Praia do Pântano do Sul, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina (27o47’S, 48o30’W), assim como observar a influência da complexidade da vegetação e das interferências antrópicas no local sobre a comunidade de aranhas. Foram realizadas quatro coletas, uma em cada estação do ano, entre julho de 2008 e abril de 2009. Ao longo de 2 km de restinga foram realizadas amostragens em dez pontos com cinco armadilhas de queda de 300 ml, expostas durante uma semana. Os indivíduos adultos foram identificados até o menor nível taxonômico possível, sendo coletados 704 aranhas de 27 famílias, das quais 47% eram juvenis. Dos 373 adultos coletados de 57 espécies, a maioria foi de machos (70%), possivelmente devido ao comportamento de percorrer o solo em busca de fêmeas. As três famílias mais abundantes foram Lycosidae (31,4%), Linyphiidae (21,2%) e Theridiidae (11,9%). Embora não se tenha atingido uma suficiência amostral, os dados mostram que a distribuição temporal das aranhas epígeas não apresenta grandes variações ao longo do ano nem há diferenças significativas quanto à abundância e riqueza de espécies ao longo da restinga. Contudo, a análise da comunidade apresenta uma clara relação com os distúrbios antrópicos, sendo que áreas mais urbanizadas apresentam maior abundância de indivíduos e maior riqueza de espécies, devido principalmente ao aumento da fauna sinantrópica

Características ecológicas dos anuros ameaçados de extinção na Floresta Atlântica subtropical do Brasil

Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia, Florianópolis, 2013.O declínio populacional de anfíbios levou o status desse grupo a um dos mais ameaçados de extinção mundialmente. No Brasil, grande parte das espécies ameaçadas de extinção ocorrem na Floresta Atlântica, onde nenhum estudo sobre anuros avaliou o risco de extinção das espécies e relacionou com as características ecológicas. O objetivo desse estudo é identificar características ecológicas dos anuros da região subtropical da Floresta Atlântica do Brasil que as indiquem como susceptíveis à extinção. Para cada espécie foram coletadas informações sobre endemismo, altitude, frequência de ocorrência, tendência de crescimento populacional, índice de vida aquática, período de atividade do adulto, tamanho corporal e tamanho da desova. Os dados das variáveis ecológicas foram obtidos em artigos científicos, guias de campo e material depositado em coleções herpetológicas. As espécies foram agrupadas de acordo com suas características ecológicas através da Análise de Agrupamento pela similaridade de Gower. A relação de cada variável com o risco de extinção foi testada com regressões logísticas. A região em estudo compreende 238 espécies conhecidas, das quais 24 possuem desenvolvimento direto e 214 possuem desenvolvimento indireto, dentre essas, 116 foram analisadas por terem informações ecológicas conhecidas. As espécies ameaçadas ocorreram em seis dos sete grupos ecológicos formados, indicando que o risco de extinção não esteve relacionado a um determinado grupo de anuros, com características ecológicas específicas. As espécies mais ameaçadas são as de ocorrência em baixas altitudes, onde a perda e degradação de hábitat representam a maior causa de declínio, diferindo das espécies ameaçadas em outras florestas pluviais que tendem a ser de topos de morros. Outras características como endemismo, dependência aos ambientes de riacho, tamanho, hábitat e período de atividade não estiveram relacionadas ao risco de extinção. Com este estudo buscou-se contribuir para o entendimento do risco de extinção dos anfíbios no país, comparando com outras florestas pluviais no mundo. Para a conservação dos anfíbios no Brasil, é necessário proteger as espécies por meio de Unidades de Conservação, além de continuar e melhorar as pesquisas acerca do risco de extinção, sobretudo a nível populacional. Abstract : The worldwide decline of amphibian populations led this group to one of the most endangered vertebrates. In Brazil, most endangered species occur in the Atlantic Forest, where there is no study evaluating ecological traits and extinction risk. The objective of the present study is to identify the ecological characteristics of frogs from subtropical Atlantic Forest in Brazil that would indicate them as susceptible to extinction. For each species were collected information about endemism, altitude, frequency of occurrence, population trend, aquatic life index, activity period, body and clutch size. These data were obtained from literature, field guides and specimens held by herpetological collections. The species were classified according to their ecological characteristics using a Cluster Analysis based on the similarity of Gower. The relationship between each variable and the extinction risk was tested using logistic regressions. The study area comprises 238 species, of which 24 have direct development and 214 have indirect development. 116 species were considered in the analysis for having reliable information. Endangered species have occurred in six of the seven ecological groups formed, indicating that the extinction risk was not related to a particular group of frogs with specific ecological traits. The most threatened species occur at low altitudes, where the habitat loss and degradation represent the major cause of decline, differing from endangered species in another rain forests that occur in uplands areas. Other features such as endemism, dependence on stream environments, small size, habitat and activity period were not related to extinction risk. This study contributes to the understanding the extinction risk of amphibians in the country, comparing to other rain forests in the world. For the conservation of amphibians in Brazil, it is necessary to protect the species through Conservation Units, in addition to continuing and improving researchs on extinction risk, especially at the population level

Introduction: philosophy as translation and the understanding of other cultures

The 15th Biennial Meeting of the International Network of Philosophers of Education (INPE) was held from 17 to 20 August 2016, at the University of Warsaw. The conference theme was ‘Philosophy as Translation and the Understanding of Other Cultures’, and we take this as the title for this Special Issue of Ethics and Education. The articles included in this volume are representative of the dynamism of the conference, reflecting a diversity of initiatives and interventions in what might be thought of as a process of mutual education among all the participants. This, we believe, is the product of the experience of translation: translation as a linguistic experience inseparable from human transformation, which involves the crossing of borders. The way they intersect and diverge itself embodies the processes and the product of translation played out in the conference

Nivel de conocimiento sobre la ley universitaria del Perú en docentes de una facultad de estomatología

El objetivo de la presente investigación fue determinar el nivel de conocimiento sobre la Ley Universitaria 30220 en los docentes de la Facultad de Estomatología de la Universidad Inca Garcilaso de la Vega en el semestre académico 2017-II. En relación a la metodología utilizada, tuvo un diseño Descriptivo, el tipo de investigación fue Observacional, Transversal y Prospectivo. La población objeto de estudio estuvo constituida por los docentes que estuvieron dictando clases en el semestre académico 2017-II. El instrumento utilizado fue una encuesta elaborada por la autora para cumplir con los objetivos del estudio. La muestra fue elegida de forma no aleatoria, por conveniencia con la participación de 48 docentes. En los resultados se observó que el 56,3% presentó un nivel de conocimiento regular, el 35,4% un nivel de conocimiento bajo y el 8,3% un nivel de conocimiento bueno. Se concluye que el nivel de conocimiento de los docentes sobre la Ley Universitaria es Regular.The objective of the research presented is to determine the degree of familiarity with the University Law 30220 among the Faculty of Stomatology in the Inca Garcilaso de la Vega University during the academic semester 2017-ll. The study was Descriptive, the type of research was Observational, Transversal and Prospective. The study population was constituted by the professors who were teaching classes in the academic semester 2017-ll. The instrument used was a survey prepared by the author to meet the objectives of the study. The sample was chosen non-randomly, for convenience, with the participation of 48 teachers. In the results it is observed that 56.3% of the participating faculty had a basic degree of familiarity, 35.4% had a low degree of familiarity and 8.3% had a high level of familiarity. It is concluded that the faculty's degree of familiarity with the university law is basic

Prevalence of virulence factors in Staphylococcus intermedius isolates from dogs and pigeons

BACKGROUND: Staphylococcus intermedius has been isolated from healthy dogs and pigeons as well as diseased dogs. Similar to Staphylococcus aureus, S. intermedius is known to carry many virulence factors but most of these factors remain to be studied. In this study, we examined 106 S. intermedius isolates (44 dog isolates and 62 pigeon isolates) for their hemolytic activity, biofilm formation, protease activity, and clumping factor and protein A production. RESULTS: Forty-three dog isolates (97.7%) and all pigeon isolates were hemolytic on sheep RBCs with a mean hemolytic titer of 336.7 and 47.32, respectively, whereas 43 dog isolates (97.7%) and 11 pigeon isolates (17.7%) exhibited a significant difference in their hemolytic activity on rabbit RBCs with a mean hemolytic titer of 11.04 and 3.76, respectively (p < 0.0005). The mean biofilm formation activity for dog isolates was 0.49, which was significantly higher than that (0.33) for pigeon isolates (p < 0.0005). Twenty-four dog isolates (54.5%) and 11 pigeon isolates (17.7%) were protease positive. Twenty-four dog isolates (54.5%) were clumping factor- and protein A- positive. CONCLUSION: S. intermedius strains carrying the virulence factors examined in this study were more prevalent in dogs than pigeons

Soil Improvements of an Inhomogeneous Reclaimed Ground

A coal storage yard for an electric power plant was to be constructed on reclaimed land in northern Japan. As the reclaimed land consisted of loose sand and soft silt, a deep well excavation method, a dynamic compaction method and a sand compaction method were selected to improve clayey grounds, sandy grounds and intermediate grounds, respectively. After the improvement, no obvious settlement and no liquefaction has been induced

US National BioGeoSCAPES Workshop Report

Virtual Meeting held November 10-12, 2021BioGeoSCAPES (BGS) is an international program being developed to understand controls on ocean productivity and metabolism by integrating systems biology (‘omics) and biogeochemistry (Figure 1). To ensure global input into the design of the BGS Program, countries interested in participating were tasked with holding an organizing meeting to discuss the country-specific research priorities. A United States BGS planning meeting, sponsored by the Ocean Carbon & Biogeochemistry (OCB) Project Office, was convened virtually November 10-12, 2021. The objectives of the meeting were to communicate the planning underway by international partners, engage the US community to explore possible national contributions to such a program, and build understanding, support, and momentum for US efforts towards BGS. The meeting was well-attended, with 154 participants and many fruitful discussions that are summarized in this document. Key outcomes from the meeting were the identification of additional programs and partners for BGS, a prioritization of measurements requiring intercalibration, and the development of a consensus around key considerations to be addressed in a science plan. Looking forward, the hope is that this workshop will serve as the foundation for future US and international discussions and planning for a BGS program, enabled by NSF funding for an AccelNet project (AccelNet - Implementation: Development of an International Network for the Study of Ocean Metabolism and Nutrient Cycles on a Changing Planet (BioGeoSCAPES)), beginning in 2022.This workshop was held thanks to funding to US OCB by the National Science Foundation (NSF) (OCE-1850983) and National Aeronautic and Space Administration (NASA) (NNX17AB17G). The organizers give thanks to all workshop participants for their thoughtful discussions and input during the workshop

Imaging the Disk around TW Hydrae with the Submillimeter Array

We present ~2"-4" aperture synthesis observations of the circumstellar disk surrounding the nearby young star TW Hya in the CO J = 2-1 and J = 3-2 lines and associated dust continuum obtained with the partially completed Submillimeter Array. The extent and peak flux of the 230 and 345 GHz dust emission follow closely the predictions of the irradiated accretion disk model of Calvet et al. The resolved molecular line emission extends to a radius of at least 200 AU, the full extent of the disk visible in scattered light, and shows a clear pattern of Keplerian rotation. Comparison of the images with two-dimensional Monte Carlo models constrains the disk inclination angle to 7° ± 1°. The CO emission is optically thick in both lines, and the kinetic temperature in the line formation region is ~20 K. Substantial CO depletion, by an order of magnitude or more from canonical dark cloud values, is required to explain the characteristics of the line emission