Remote Sensing Study of Neotectonics of Katwaz Region in Balochistan-Pakistan

This investigation deals with the delineation of neotectonics and its connection to the regional surface deformation in the Katwaz region (KR) located in the north of Quetta along the Pakistan-Afghan border. It consists of rocks dominated by silicates and carbonates, were uplifted due to regional tectonics. In this study, SRTM DEM (90m spatial resolution) based Surface Dynamics (SDMs) of KR is analyzed to investigate the Isobase level (IBL), Relative relief (RR), Topographic surface roughness (TSR) and topographic Slope (TS) map to constrain the active surface deformation due to regional neotectonics. It gives complete information regarding the lithology based erosional margins and demarcation of neotectonic scarps and established the relationship between Strahler order streams and neotectonic settings in an actively deformed KR. This study aims to delineate margins for geomorphological variations and to find the effects of neotectonics. Another purpose is to examine the geomorphic parameters and to map active tectonics development due to transform sinistral movement of the Chaman Fault system (CFS) in the context of the ongoing collision of India-Eurasia. The resultant and generated surface dynamic maps (SDMs) were due to neotectonic developments, progressions and orientations along with CFS and Suleman fold, and thrust belts (SFTBs). The results obtained revealed that IBL values are higher in the NNE, SSW, and central parts along with the CFS, and partially in the NW corner of the KR due to uplifted SFTBs. The active tectonic nature of SFTBs and TSR values are lower in the central and northern parts of KR. The TSR values are higher along SFTBs and CFS due to greater vertical dissection between these two active faults system. The DEM based SDMs are time-efficient and cost-effective for easy identification and delineation of neo-tectonically active zones using remote sensing and GIS techniques

Stereotypical Identities Discourse Analysis of Media Images of Women in Pakistan

Stereotypical portrayal of women through images and text in the media has been discussed and debated widely across the globe. The area remains relatively under published in the context of the third world especially Pakistan. To fill this gap this paper is an attempt to examine the role of the media in creating gender identities. Data for this study comes from selected English language newspaper namely “THE NEWS”. Discourse analysis of text and images - the most common way of producing and transmitting social meaning attached to social realities was employed to interpret of the data. The data reveals that the images and text produced through the media are biased, patriarchal and they reinforce male hegemony and control over women’s bodies and their minds. By doing this the media is strengthening the existing power structure of the Pakistani society. The images of women produced are those of victims of violence both domestic and public, sex objects, passive, dependent, weak and engaged in domestic roles. Consequently, standard images of feminity are idealized and normalized in the real world. Such practices act as barrier for women to escape traditional gender roles and expectations. The study argues that such images reinforce stereotypical roles and hence promote gender inequality instead of emancipation

Spatiotemporal Analysis of Land Use / Land Cover in Swat, Pakistan Using Supervised Classification in Remote Sensing: 2000 to 2015

Changes in land use and land cover affect the social, economic and natural aspects of any area. Mostly land use and land cover (LULC) changes are the result of population growth and human activities in the form of urban agglomerations and industrialization etc. Physical factors like soil structure and type, slope condition, topography are main aspects. Land use change defines the historical pattern that how people used that specific land which depends on the availability of resources and economic conditions. LULC changes may trigger the detrimental effects like increase in natural hazard events and changes in climatic patterns. Climatic pattern directly affects the precipitation, groundwater recharge, the amount of evapotranspiration and runoff generation. On regional and local scale, LULC change is a far-reaching issue because environment and climate condition depend on i

Frequency and Causes of Pediatric Ovarian Torsion: A Systematic Review

Objective: The aim of my study was to determine the frequency and causes of pediatric ovarian torsion. Background: The condition in which an ovary twist along the ligament which hold it in place is known as Ovarian Torsion. The blood flow to ovary and fallopian tube could be cut off because of this twisting. ovarian torsion cab be a cause of unbearable pain due to lack of sufficient blood that should be received by ovary. On behalf of this systematic review, I wanted to dictate the frequency and causes of pediatric ovarian torsion. On the basis of past studies, I reviewed ovarian torsion can be happen at any paediatric age (infant to eighteen years). Around fifty-two % of the cases in children happen between nine years to fourteen years of age, with a median of age 11. Method: An electric database search was performed (google scholar, PubMed and science direct) with time limit until January 2020. All studies, fully available in English, assessing the frequency and causes of pediatric ovarian torsion. Study design: Systematic review-based design is used for this study. Results: 16 articles were reviewed, I found that frequency of pediatric ovarian torsion were rare and happened at any pediatric age. Ovarian torsion was caused by benign lesion, malignancy or by normal ovary. Purpose: The aim of my study was to determine the frequency and causes of pediatric ovarian torsion. Keywords: Ovarian torsion, oophorectomy, neoplasm, malignancy. DOI: 10.7176/JHMN/90-15 Publication date:June 30th 202

Relationship of Type II Diabetes Mellitus in Women with Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome: A Systematic Review

Objective: The purpose of my study was to determine the relationship of Type 2  diabetes mellitus in women with PCOS. Background: PCOS is a hormonal disorder affecting millions of women around the world. 1 in every 10 women have PCOS but many women go years before receiving the diagnosis. In fact it is estimated that 70% of PCOS cases have a root cause is insulin resistance, A major risk factor for Type 2 diabetes mellitus. More than half of women with PCOS develop type 2 diabetes. PCOS is linked with higher levels of circulating insulin, which is characteristic in type 2 diabetes. IR is the typical condition of subjects with T2D. Women with PCOS share with people with T2D the same impaired glucose pattern consisting of a prevalent disturbance of fasting blood glucose. Higher levels of IR stress the pancreatic beta cell function, resulting in earlier functional depletion of insulin secretion capacity and higher risk of developing T2D. In this Systematic review I wanted to determine the incidence of type 2 diabetes in women with PCOS. According to the studies that I reviewed women with PCOS have a markedly increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes then women without PCOS and there is a higher prevalence of PCOS in those women who have Type 2 diabetes mellitus rather than non-diabetic. Method:An electric database search was performed (google scholar, PubMed and science direct)  without time limit until january 2020. All studies, fully available in English, assessing the incidence Type II Diabetes Mellitus in Women with PCOS.  Study design: Systematic review.  Results:I reviewed 22 articles and found that there were high risk of Diabetes Mellitus Type 2 in PCOS females then other one. Middle aged women with PCOS were having elevated risk of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, So therefore it propped up the needs of PCOS for routine screening of diabetes. The information or data from articles likewise gave furthur clinical bits of knowledge on the side of focusing on BMI (Body Mass Index), glucose (fasting glucose and after glucose ingestion) and in risk stratification and intervention for glucose homeostasis maintenance. Keywords: Polycystic Ovarian Disease, Type II Diabetes Mellitus, Insulin Resistance DOI: 10.7176/JHMN/90-13 Publication date:June 30th 202

Highly efficient catalytic degradation of low-density polyethylene using a novel tungstophosphoric acid/kaolin clay composite catalyst

In order to take advantage of Bronsted acidity of tungstophosphoric acid(TPA) and Lewis acidity of kaolin, TPA loaded kaolin catalysts with varying percentages of TPA (10-50wt%) have been prepared by wet impregnation method. Fourier Transform Infra-Red Spectrometer, X-ray diffractometer, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller surface area analyzer, and Scanning Electron Microscope characterizations were performed to confirm the successful loading of TPA onKaolin. Catalytic cracking of low-density polyethylene (LDPE), by employing our TPA loaded Kaolin as the catalyst, produced a higher percentage of fuel oil (liquid and gaseous hydrocarbons) with negligible amount of semisolid wax (1.0 wt.%), significantly lower compared to the thermal cracking which produced ~22wt.% solid black residue. Moreover, GCMS analysis of oil showed that thermal cracking produces mainly higher hydrocarbons(C22) as compared to the catalytic cracking where larger fraction oflowerhydrocarbons were obtained. We purpose that the higher performance of our catalysts was due to the presence of both Bronsted and Lewis acid sites, which increase their catalytic efficiency and degraded the LDPE at the relatively lower temperatures. Our results suggest that prepared materials were effectivecatalysts with low cost and easily scalable production method; suitable for large-scale highperformance catalytic cracking of LDPE based materials

Synthesis and catalytic performance of cesium and potassium salts of aluminum substituted tungstoborate for pyrolysis of polyethylene waste to petrochemical feedstock

Polyoxometalates have gained considerable attention as a catalyst. Herein, we are reporting tungstoborate based catalysts for the conversion of waste polyethylene to liquid fuel. Novel cesium and potassium salts of aluminum substituted tungstoborate Keggin compounds were synthesized by a simple one-pot method and successfully characterized by FTIR, SEM-EDX, thermal analysis, NMR and single-crystal XRD. Catalytic cracking of waste polyethylene by using our prepared aluminum substituted catalysts (CsAB) showed 97% polymer conversion producing80 wt% of liquid hydrocarbons with a negligible amount of solid residue (∼3 wt%), significantly lower compared to thermal cracking where 22 wt% residue was produced. The oil collected at optimum reaction conditions (0.5 catalyst/polymer ratio and 3 h reaction time) was subjected to GC-MS analysis. The results showed that oil produced in catalytic cracking has a high selectivity to gasoline range hydrocarbons while thermal cracking showed selectivity to higher hydrocarbons (C13–C26). Olefin selectivity was also more prominent in catalytic cracking. Hence cesium and potassium salts of aluminum substituted tungstoborate are excellent catalysts for acid-catalyzed polymer cracking reactions to produce value-added petrochemicals

Wood-derived biochar influences nutrient use efficiency of heavy metals in spinach (spinacia oleracea) under groundwater and wastewater irrigation

Present study analysed the influence of slow-pyrolyzed wood-derived biochar on growth performance and heavy metal accumulation in the leaves of spinach grown under groundwater and wastewater irrigation. Biochar was applied in soil as 5% (~30 t·ha−1) and 10% (~60 t·ha−1) amendment. According to results, plant biomass was significantly higher under wastewater than groundwater irrigation. Biochar amendment increased significantly the aboveground plant biomass and root biomass and promoted water use efficiency (WUE). Under groundwater irrigation, biochar amendment at 10% application rate, increased the leaf area index (P < 0.05), while amendment of biochar at all application rates significantly reduced leaf area index under wastewater irrigation (P < 0.05). Application of biochar also reduced accumulation of rhizosphere soil around roots under wastewater irrigation, indicating less exudate production in the rhizosphere of plants. Biochar significantly reduced the concentration of copper (Cu) in under wastewater irrigation. Biochar increased the nutrient use efficiency (NUE) of plants for zinc (Zn) and Cu under wastewater irrigation

Innovative Methods of Mosquito Management

As the global human and animal population increases, deadly pathogens and parasites may be transmitted by arthropods. There are a number of vectors that pose a threat to human health due to their role in transmitting dangerous pathogens, including mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae). The most important drawback of these products is the incidence of insecticide resistance, which has increased rapidly in recent years. New approaches and vector-control tools targeting aquatic stages and adults are urgently needed. The three main mosquito genera, Anopheles, Aedes, and Culex, transmit the causative agents of numerous important diseases to humans as well as animals. A technique that involves the use of genetically modified (GM) mosquitoes for the purpose of vector control is another potential option. Other best ways to control the mosquito are by chemical, biological and genetic means