Genetic Divergence Study in Bitter gourd (Momordica charantia L.)

The genetic divergence of forty bitter gourd genotypes was studied for sixteen different parameters by adopting Mahalanobis D2 statistics using Tocher's method. The genotypes were grouped into six clusters irrespective of geographic divergence, indicating no parallelism between geographic and genetic diversity. A maximum of 32 genotypes entered in cluster I, followed by 4 genotypes in cluster II. The cluster III, IV, V and VI had single genotypes each. The maximum inter-cluster distance was obtained between cluster II and VI (1620.05) while minimum distance was between III and V (103.32). Cluster V followed by cluster VI showed superiority for yield and other desirable traits, which indicate the potentiality of these diverse genotype collection for providing basic material for future breeding programmes

Genetic Divergence Study in Bitter gourd (Momordica charantia L.)

The genetic divergence of forty bitter gourd genotypes was studied for sixteen different parameters by adopting Mahalanobis D2 statistics using Tocher's method. The genotypes were grouped into six clusters irrespective of geographic divergence, indicating no parallelism between geographic and genetic diversity. A maximum of 32 genotypes entered in cluster I, followed by 4 genotypes in cluster II. The cluster III, IV, V and VI had single genotypes each. The maximum inter-cluster distance was obtained between cluster II and VI (1620.05) while minimum distance was between III and V (103.32). Cluster V followed by cluster VI showed superiority for yield and other desirable traits, which indicate the potentiality of these diverse genotype collection for providing basic material for future breeding programmes

Prognostic model to predict postoperative acute kidney injury in patients undergoing major gastrointestinal surgery based on a national prospective observational cohort study.

Background: Acute illness, existing co-morbidities and surgical stress response can all contribute to postoperative acute kidney injury (AKI) in patients undergoing major gastrointestinal surgery. The aim of this study was prospectively to develop a pragmatic prognostic model to stratify patients according to risk of developing AKI after major gastrointestinal surgery. Methods: This prospective multicentre cohort study included consecutive adults undergoing elective or emergency gastrointestinal resection, liver resection or stoma reversal in 2-week blocks over a continuous 3-month period. The primary outcome was the rate of AKI within 7 days of surgery. Bootstrap stability was used to select clinically plausible risk factors into the model. Internal model validation was carried out by bootstrap validation. Results: A total of 4544 patients were included across 173 centres in the UK and Ireland. The overall rate of AKI was 14·2 per cent (646 of 4544) and the 30-day mortality rate was 1·8 per cent (84 of 4544). Stage 1 AKI was significantly associated with 30-day mortality (unadjusted odds ratio 7·61, 95 per cent c.i. 4·49 to 12·90; P < 0·001), with increasing odds of death with each AKI stage. Six variables were selected for inclusion in the prognostic model: age, sex, ASA grade, preoperative estimated glomerular filtration rate, planned open surgery and preoperative use of either an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor or an angiotensin receptor blocker. Internal validation demonstrated good model discrimination (c-statistic 0·65). Discussion: Following major gastrointestinal surgery, AKI occurred in one in seven patients. This preoperative prognostic model identified patients at high risk of postoperative AKI. Validation in an independent data set is required to ensure generalizability

Hydrogenation of some allylic alcohols catalysed by anchored montmorillonitebipyridinepalladium(II) acetate - A kinetic study

462-467Hydrogenation of some allylic alcohols like 2-methyl-2-propen- l-ol, 4-penten-3-ol, trans-2-buten-l -ol, trans-3-penten-2-ol and 4- methyl-3-penten-2-ol has been carried out by anchored  montmorillonitebipyridinepalladium(II) acetate in THF medium. Under the reaction conditions 100% saturation of carbon-carbon double bond is observed and there is neither polymerisation nor isomerisation. The observed rate has been found to be first order each with respect to partial pressure of hydrogen and [substrate] and fractional order with respect to [catalyst] . The rate of hydrogenation follows the order: 2-methyl-2-propen-l-ol > 4-penten-3-ol <span style="font-size:14.0pt; font-family:Arial;mso-fareast-font-family:" times="" new="" roman";mso-ansi-language:="" en-us;mso-fareast-language:en-us;mso-bidi-language:ar-sa"="">> <span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family: " times="" new="" roman";mso-fareast-font-family:"times="" roman";mso-ansi-language:="" en-us;mso-fareast-language:en-us;mso-bidi-language:ar-sa"="">trans-2-buten-l-ol <span style="font-size:14.0pt; font-family:Arial;mso-fareast-font-family:" times="" new="" roman";mso-ansi-language:="" en-us;mso-fareast-language:en-us;mso-bidi-language:ar-sa"="">> <span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family: " times="" new="" roman";mso-fareast-font-family:"times="" roman";mso-ansi-language:="" en-us;mso-fareast-language:en-us;mso-bidi-language:ar-sa"="">trans -3-penten-2-ol <span style="font-size:14.0pt; font-family:Arial;mso-fareast-font-family:" times="" new="" roman";mso-ansi-language:="" en-us;mso-fareast-language:en-us;mso-bidi-language:ar-sa"="">> 4-methyl-3-penten-2-ol. Thermodynamic parameters have been evaluated, rate law and a plausible mechanism have been proposed.</span

Hydrogenation kinetics and mechanism of stilbene, cinnamaldehyde and cinnamic acid by anchored montmorillonitebipyridinepalladium(ll) acetate

98-101Hydrogenation of olefinic compounds catalysed by anchored catalysts is of current interest. A detailed kinetic study of the hydrogenation of some olefinic compounds over anchored montmorillonitebipyridinepalladium(II) acetate catalyst which belongs to a new generation catalytic system is presented. The effects of substrate concentration, partial pressure of hydrogen, catalyst concentration, solvent and temperature have been studied. Based on the results a mechanism is proposed, rate law derived and the corresponding thermodynamic parameters have been evaluated. Product analysis is confirmed by H-NMR, IR and GLC

Occurrence of Battarea stevenii (Lib.) Fr. (Tulostomataceae) in Mysore: A new record from south India

Volume: 92Start Page: 149End Page: 15

Prevention of burst abdominal wound by a new technique: a randomized trial comparing continuous versus interrupted X-suture

Background: Abdominal wound dehiscence is a common complication of emergency laparotomy in Indian setup. It's prevention is important to reduce post operative morbidity and mortality Research Hypothesis: The application of interrupted X-sutures reduces the risk of burst in midline laparotomy wounds. Aims: To compare the risks of burst with continuous versus interrupted suturing in midline laparotomy wounds. Setting: Surgical Wards of All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), a tertiary care center. Design: Open randomised trial with two arms. Material and Methods: One hundred patients undergoing emergency laparotomy and 110 patients undergoing elective laparotomy through a midline vertical incision were randomized after informed consent, to either a continuous closure or an interrupted X technique. Main Outcome Variable: The risk of burst abdomen diagnosed by a consultant. Predictor Variables: intraperitoneal sepsis, abdominal distension, cough, diabetes, malignancy, anaemia, hypoxia, uraemia, hypoalbuminaemia. Statistical Analysis: The risk of burst in each group and relative risk (RR) of burst (using continuous group as the reference category) were caluculated. Results: There were one burst (out of 46) in the X suture group and 8 bursts (out of 54) in the continuous arm in the emergency group. The RR for burst (continuous group as the reference category) was 0.15 (95% C.I. : 0.02 to 1.13, P=0.028). Conclusion: The risk of burst in the emergency group is less with interrupted X method of closure. Sepsis, cough, anaemia, malnutrition and abdominal distension are significant risk factors for burst

Conservation of wild animals by assisted reproduction and molecular marker technology

710-723<span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height: 115%;font-family:" times="" new="" roman";mso-fareast-font-family:"times="" roman";="" mso-ansi-language:en-in;mso-fareast-language:en-in;mso-bidi-language:hi"="" lang="EN-IN">Wild animals are an integral component of the ecosystem. Their decimation due to abrupt natural calamities or due to gradual human intervention would be disastrous to the ecosystem and would alter the balance in nature between various biotic components. Such an imbalance could have an adverse effect on the ecosystem. Therefore, there is an urgent need to put an end to the ever increasing list of endangered species by undertaking both in situ and ex situ conservation using tools of modern biology, to ascertain the degree of genetic variation and reproductive competence in these animals. This review highlights the development and use of molecular markers such as microsatellites, minisatellites, mitochondrial control region, cytochrome b and MHC loci to assess the genetic variation in various Indian wild animals such as the lion, tiger, leopard and deer. The review also presents data on the semen profile of the big cats of India. Reproductive technologies such as cryopreservation of semen and artificial insemination in big cats are also highlighted.</span