The influence of dietary carbohydrate and fat on kidney calcification and the urinary excretion of N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase (EC 3.2.1.30).

1. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed on diets containing either sucrose or starch as the carbohydrate component. In one experiment, the diets also contained 200 g either butter or polyunsaturated margarine/kg; in a second experiment, the diets contained less fat in the form of 20 g maize oil/kg. 2. Over a period of 11 months assays were made in the urine of several ions and of the activity of the enzyme N-acetyl-β-glucosaminidase (β-2-acetamido-2-deoxy-β-D glucoside acetamidodeoxygluco-hydrolase; EC 3.2.1.30); at 13 months, examination was made of some of the abdominal viscera, especially of the kidneys. 3. In rats fed on the higher amount of fat, dietary sucrose produced a higher activity of the enzyme than did dietary starch, and a greater excretion of inorganic phosphate. 4. With both the higher and lower amounts of dietary fat, sucrose led to an increase in the weight of the liver and of the kidneys, and an increase in the concentration of calcium and of phosphate in kidney tissue. With the higher amount of fat, sucrose also produced an increase in the concentration of magnesium in the kidney. There was no difference in the concentration of any of the ions assayed in the plasma or, apart from inorganic phosphate, in the urine. 5. The kidneys of the sucrose-fed rats showed nephrocalcinosis, mostly in the cortico-medullary region, and basophilic deposits in the tubules. Attention is drawn to this unusual occurrence of nephrocalcinosis in male rats

Coupled optical interface modes in a Fibonacci dielectric superlattice

The coupled optical interface modes in a Fibonacci dielectric superlattice are studied. In the dielectric continuum approximation, the dispersion relation is found to have two bands of dual triadic Cantor structures, each being nonuniform scaling. For most of the eigenfrequencies, the amplitude profiles of electrostatic potential in this quasiperiodic structure are critical. Moreover, an invariant is analytically derived and is used to describe the general features of the frequency spectra and potential profiles.published_or_final_versio

An Automated WSDL Generation and Enhanced SOAP Message Processing System for Mobile Web Services

Web services are key applications in business-to-business, business-to-customer, and enterprise applications integration solutions. As the mobile Internet becomes one of the main methods for information delivery, mobile Web Services are regarded as a critical aspect of e-business architecture. In this paper, we proposed a mobile Web Services middleware that converts conventional Internet services into mobile Web services. We implemented a WSDL (Web Service Description Language) builder that converts HTML/XML into WSDL and a SAOP (Simple Object Access Protocol) message processor. The former minimizes the overhead cost of rebuilding mobile Web Services and enables seamless services between wired and wireless Internet services. The latter enhances SOAP processing performance by eliminating the Servlet container (Tomcat), a required component of typical Web services implementation. Our system can completely support standard Web Services protocol, minimizing communication overhead, message processing time, and server overload. Finally we compare our empirical results with those of typical Web Service

Primary Superficial Vein Reflux with Competent Saphenous Trunk

AbstractObjectives: because reflux in superficial vein tributaries is most often collectively reported with the main saphenous veins, its importance remains largely unrecognised. This study was designed to identify the distribution and extent of non-truncal superficial venous reflux and its association with the signs and symptoms of chronic venous disease (CVD). Patients and methods: eighty-four limbs in 62 patients with signs and symptoms of CVD and evidence of reflux on continuous-wave Doppler were subsequently examined with colour-flow duplex imaging. Incompetent superficial vein tributaries were imaged throughout their extent and both ends were identified. Limbs with reflux in the main trunk of the saphenous veins or the deep, perforator or muscular veins, superficial or deep vein thrombosis, injection sclerotherapy, varicose-vein surgery, arterial disease and inflammation of non-venous origin were excluded from the study. The CEAP classification system was used for staging clinical severity of CVD. Results: the prevalence of tributary reflux alone was 9.7% (84/860). Reflux was detected in 171 tributaries. The number of incompetent tributaries ranged from 1 to 5 per limb. Most prevalent were the tributaries to the greater saphenous (111, 65%<0.0001), followed by those of lesser saphenous (33, 19%) or a combination of both (12, 7%). Incompetent non-saphenous tributaries were uncommon (15, 9%). Among the named tributaries in the lower limb the posterior arch vein was most often incompetent (46, 27%) followed by the anterolateral vein of the thigh (30, 18%), the medial accessory vein (16, 9%) and the anterior arch vein (14, 8%). Reflux in above-the-knee tributaries alone was found in 18 limbs (21%), in below the knee in 23 (28%) and in both sites in 43 (51%). The vast majority of the limbs (71%,p <0.0001) belonged to CVD class 2, 14% in class 3, 9% in class 1 and only 6% in class 4. Class 3 and 4 patients tended to have a longer duration of signs and symptoms, higher number of incompetent tributaries per limb and also a higher prevalence of combined above- and below-knee reflux. Conclusions: these data indicate that reflux confined to superficial tributaries is found throughout the lower limb. Because this reflux is present without greater and lesser saphenous trunk, perforator and deep-vein incompetence or proximal obstruction, it shows that reflux can develop in any vein without an apparent feeding source. Greater saphenous tributaries are affected significantly more often than those of lesser saphenous, while non-saphenous reflux is uncommon. Most limbs have signs and symptoms of CVD class 2 and 15% belong in classes 3 and 4

Photo collage-based photograph display system on mobile computing platform

In the last few decades, mobile computing platform technology has grown rapidly, as observed from smart phones that have quickly become ubiquitous. The mobile computing platform is the most widely used platform in our life today, and digital photographs captured through these devices have become routine for most people. In this study, we propose a novel artistic method for displaying photographs in mobile devices as a photo collage. Using our system, users can view a representative photograph as a collage of photographs associated with a certain event and access each of photographs individually. To implement this, we employ centroidal Voronoi diagram to obtain an even distribution of tiles, and use the sites as the location of tiles. We use the edge avoidance technique to prevent tiles from being located across the edges. To obtain the direction of tiles that follow near a strong edge, we employ the Edge tangent Flow field and use the field as the directions of tiles. Finally, we search for photographs that best match the tiles calculated above by using a thumbnail difference metric

Crystallization and preliminary X-ray crystallographic analysis of a yedU gene product from Escherichia coli

A yedU gene product with a molecular mass of 31 kDa is a hypothetical protein with no known function. The protein was purified and crystallized at 296 K. X-ray diffraction data have been collected to 2.3 Angstrom using synchrotron radiation. The crystals belong to the primitive orthorhombic system, with unit-cell parameters a = 50.56, b = 63.45, c = 168.02 Angstrom. The asymmetric unit contains two monomers of the protein, with a corresponding V-M of 2.25 Angstrom(3) Da(-1) and a solvent content of 44.84%.open2

Enhanced mitochondrial superoxide scavenging does not Improve muscle insulin action in the high fat-fed mouse

Improving mitochondrial oxidant scavenging may be a viable strategy for the treatment of insulin resistance and diabetes. Mice overexpressing the mitochondrial matrix isoform of superoxide dismutase (sod2(tg) mice) and/or transgenically expressing catalase within the mitochondrial matrix (mcat(tg) mice) have increased scavenging of O2(˙-) and H2O2, respectively. Furthermore, muscle insulin action is partially preserved in high fat (HF)-fed mcat(tg) mice. The goal of the current study was to test the hypothesis that increased O2(˙-) scavenging alone or in combination with increased H2O2 scavenging (mtAO mice) enhances in vivo muscle insulin action in the HF-fed mouse. Insulin action was examined in conscious, unrestrained and unstressed wild type (WT), sod2(tg), mcat(tg) and mtAO mice using hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamps (insulin clamps) combined with radioactive glucose tracers following sixteen weeks of normal chow or HF (60% calories from fat) feeding. Glucose infusion rates, whole body glucose disappearance, and muscle glucose uptake during the insulin clamp were similar in chow- and HF-fed WT and sod2(tg) mice. Consistent with our previous work, HF-fed mcat(tg) mice had improved muscle insulin action, however, an additive effect was not seen in mtAO mice. Insulin-stimulated Akt phosphorylation in muscle from clamped mice was consistent with glucose flux measurements. These results demonstrate that increased O2(˙-) scavenging does not improve muscle insulin action in the HF-fed mouse alone or when coupled to increased H2O2 scavenging