Preliminary results on resistance to PPV-M in Prunus persica (L.) Batsch

Preliminary results of trials evaluating peach cultivar resistance to Plum pox virus (PPV) and aphid colonization were obtained. Data after one vegetative cycle since an inoculation assay showed that most of the peach cultivars analyzed were susceptible to PPV-M isolate, used as inoculum source. Also, in our experiments two cultivars, Ambra and Cappucci 18, were found to be tolerant while cultivars Fei Cheng, Harrow Blood, Jing Yu and Rosa Dardi were resistant.Moreover, to evaluate the possible epidemiological impact of the peach cultivars NJ WEEPING and S6699 resistant to aphid colonization, experimental transmissions were carried out. This was done by using a clonal culture of Myzus persicae (Sulzer) as vector and PPV-M isolate as inoculum source under controlled acquisition access period. The results showed that in our conditions aphids were not able to transmitted PPV-M isolate to healthy plants of NJ WEEPING and S6699. Under the same conditions PPV-M was transmitted by aphids from infected to healthy GF305 plants.Keywords: sharka, peach, ELISA, aphid transmission, virus toleranc

Demographic, clinical, and service-use characteristics related to the clinician’s recommendation to transition from child to adult mental health services

Purpose: The service configuration with distinct child and adolescent mental health services (CAMHS) and adult mental health services (AMHS) may be a barrier to continuity of care. Because of a lack of transition policy, CAMHS clinicians have to decide whether and when a young person should transition to AMHS. This study describes which characteristics are associated with the clinicians’ advice to continue treatment at AMHS. Methods: Demographic, family, clinical, treatment, and service-use characteristics of the MILESTONE cohort of 763 young people from 39 CAMHS in Europe were assessed using multi-informant and standardized assessment tools. Logistic mixed models were fitted to assess the relationship between these characteristics and clinicians’ transition recommendations. Results: Young people with higher clinician-rated severity of psychopathology scores, with self- and parent-reported need for ongoing treatment, with lower everyday functional skills and without self-reported psychotic experiences were more likely to be recommended to continue treatment. Among those who had been recommended to continue treatment, young people who used psychotropic medication, who had been in CAMHS for more than a year, and for whom appropriate AMHS were available were more likely to be recommended to continue treatment at AMHS. Young people whose parents indicated a need for ongoing treatment were more likely to be recommended to stay in CAMHS. Conclusion: Although the decision regarding continuity of treatment was mostly determined by a small set of clinical characteristics, the recommendation to continue treatment at AMHS was mostly affected by service-use related characteristics, such as the availability of appropriate services

Cohort profile : demographic and clinical characteristics of the MILESTONE longitudinal cohort of young people approaching the upper age limit of their child mental health care service in Europe

Purpose: The presence of distinct child and adolescent mental health services (CAMHS) and adult mental health services (AMHS) impacts continuity of mental health treatment for young people. However, we do not know the extent of discontinuity of care in Europe nor the effects of discontinuity on the mental health of young people. Current research is limited, as the majority of existing studies are retrospective, based on small samples or used non-standardised information from medical records. The MILESTONE prospective cohort study aims to examine associations between service use, mental health and other outcomes over 24 months, using information from self, parent and clinician reports. Participants: Seven hundred sixty-three young people from 39 CAMHS in 8 European countries, their parents and CAMHS clinicians who completed interviews and online questionnaires and were followed up for 2 years after reaching the upper age limit of the CAMHS they receive treatment at. Findings to date: This cohort profile describes the baseline characteristics of the MILESTONE cohort. The mental health of young people reaching the upper age limit of their CAMHS varied greatly in type and severity: 32.8% of young people reported clinical levels of self-reported problems and 18.6% were rated to be ‘markedly ill’, ‘severely ill’ or ‘among the most extremely ill’ by their clinician. Fifty-seven per cent of young people reported psychotropic medication use in the previous half year. Future plans: Analysis of longitudinal data from the MILESTONE cohort will be used to assess relationships between the demographic and clinical characteristics of young people reaching the upper age limit of their CAMHS and the type of care the young person uses over the next 2 years, such as whether the young person transitions to AMHS. At 2 years follow-up, the mental health outcomes of young people following different care pathways will be compared. Trial registration number: NCT03013595

Preliminary results on resistance to PPV-M in Prunus persica (L.) Batsch

Preliminary results of trials evaluating peach cultivar resistance to Plum pox virus (PPV) and aphid colonization were obtained. Data after one vegetative cycle since an inoculation assay showed that most of the peach cultivars analyzed were susceptible to PPV-M isolate, used as inoculum source. Also, in our experiments two cultivars, Ambra and Cappucci 18, were found to be tolerant while cultivars Fei Cheng, Harrow Blood, Jing Yu and Rosa Dardi were resistant. Moreover, to evaluate the possible epidemiological impact of the peach cultivars NJ WEEPING and S6699 resistant to aphid colonization, experimental transmissions were carried out. This was done by using a clonal culture of Myzus persicae (Sulzer) as vector and PPV-M isolate as inoculum source under controlled acquisition access period. The results showed that in our conditions aphids were not able to transmitted PPV-M isolate to healthy plants of NJ WEEPING and S6699. Under the same conditions PPV-M was transmitted by aphids from infected to healthy GF305 plants

Identification and molecular characterization of Candidatus Phytoplasma mali isolates in north-western Italy

Apple proliferation (AP) is an important disease and is prevalent in several European countries. The causal agent of AP is Candidatus Phytoplasma mali ( Ca. Phytoplasma mali ). In this work, isolates of Ca. Phytoplasma mali were detected and characterized through polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analyses of 16S rRNA gene and non-ribosomal DNA fragment. The presence of three AP subtypes (AT-1, AT-2 and AP-15) was identified in 31 symptomatic apple trees and two samples each constituted by a pool of five insects, collected in north-western Italy, where AT-1 is a dominant subtype. Subsequent nucleotide sequence analysis of the PCR-amplified 1.8 kb (P1 \u2044 P7) fragment, containing the 16S rDNA, the 16S\u201323S intergenic ribosomal region and the 5\ua2-end of the 23S rDNA, revealed the presence of at least two phytoplasmal genetic lineages within the AT-1 subtype, designed AT-1a and AT-1b. Moreover, in silico single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) analysis based on 16S rDNA sequence can differentiate AT-1 subtype from AT-2 and AP-15 subtypes. Our data showed a high degree of genetic diversity among Ca. Phytoplasma mali population in north-western Italy and underlined the possible use of the 16S rDNA analysis for the identification and the geographical origin assignation of isolates of AP phytoplasma. Molecular markers on 16S rDNA, here identified, could be useful for studying the epidemiology of AP disease

Molecular diversity in Candidatus Phytoplasma mali in Lombardia

Apple proliferation (AP) was first described in Italy in 1950, and occurs in many European pome fruit growing areas. In the last years new epidemics of the disease were reported in northern Italian regions. At least three phytoplasma subtypes have been reported in Europe, classified on the basis of the polymorphisms detected in the nitroreductase gene of 'Candidatus Phytoplasma Mali'. This work reports the results of the presence of AP in Lombardia and the characterization of the phytoplasma ribosomal protein subtypes associated with the disease in this region