38 research outputs found

    Vision approach of calibration methods for radiographic systems

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    The geometric calibration of radiographic systems cannot be avoided in image reconstruction problems in stereoradiography, X-ray or SPECT tomography. This operation performed usually before the object examination, provides the relative positions of the different parts of the system (object, source, detector). The source-detector geometry is then described by intrinsic parameters, and the scanning motion by extrinsic ones

    Reconstruction en Tomographie d'emission mono-photonique avec correction d'atténuation par l'algorithme du Résidu Minimal

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    Cet article dĂ©crit une mĂ©thode itĂ©rative de reconstruction d'image avec correction d'attĂ©nuation Ă  partir de mesures de projections attĂ©nuĂ©es en Tomographie d'Émission Mono-Photonique. Cette mĂ©thode est basĂ©e sur l'application de l'algorithme du RĂ©sidu Minimal Ă  la rĂ©solution d'un systĂšme linĂ©aire quasi-symĂ©trique. Comme le problĂšme inverse est mal posĂ©, des techniques de rĂ©gularisation sont employĂ©es pour stabiliser la reconstruction. Nous prĂ©sentons une mĂ©thode de rĂ©gularisation spatialement adaptative. L'algorithme de reconstruction est mis en oeuvre Ă  la fois pour la gĂ©omĂ©trie parallĂšle et la gĂ©omĂ©trie conique. Les rĂ©sultats expĂ©rimentaux obtenus sur des donnĂ©es simulĂ©es, sur des fantĂŽmes anatomiques et sur des donnĂ©es cliniques montrent que l'algorithme proposĂ© est au moins deux fois plus rapide que l'algorithme standard du gradient conjuguĂ© prĂ©conditionnĂ©, et que la mĂ©thode de rĂ©gularisation adaptative est bien adaptĂ©e

    "Vision" approach of calibration methods for radiographic systems

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    The geometric calibration of radiographic systems cannot be avoided in image reconstruction problems in stereoradiography, X-ray or SPECT tomography. This operation performed usually before the object examination, provides the relative positions of the different parts of the system (object, source, detector). The source-detector geometry is then described by intrinsic parameters, and the scanning motion by extrinsic ones.</p

    How to Leverage the Knowledge Spiral and Creative Meta-rules to Train on TRIZ Thinking While Rescuing the Sinking Titanic?

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    International audienceAfter a first experiment presented to TRIZ Future Conference 2012 which objective was to teach simultaneously future teachers and students of 2 classes of a technical college, this paper will present a proposal which aims at extending the experiment to a larger group made of 10 colleges, 24 new teachers and about 300 students (compared to 1 college, 6 teachers and 60 students). To resolve the tackled problem (how to train without being trained) a specific pedagogy, named as " knowledge spiral " has been proposed and tested and has brought interesting benefits. The matter is that while the number of people to be trained is enlarged, the number of resources is not extending. To the contrary it is even more restricted, and new constraints have to be considered: ‱ How to apply a pedagogy when the number of students is enlarged, could we used the same pedagogy, and how to adapt it? ‱ How to leverage the " knowledge spiral " with limited resources: especially less time to develop the competences? ‱ How to apply the " knowledge spiral " with geographical separated resources within the same time frame? In these conditions, the new proposal could not be a direct homothetic transformation of the previously proposed one. Thus, a new model, again inspired by the " knowledge spiral " has been developed with the introduction of a fourth level of resources: expert, trained teacher, non-trained teacher, and student. This will, in a certain extent, enlarge the spiral

    Continuation of relative periodic orbits in a class of triatomic Hamiltonian systems

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    International audienceWe study relative periodic orbits (i.e. time-periodic orbits in a frame rotating at constant velocity) in a class of triatomic Euclidean-invariant (planar) Hamiltonian systems. The system consists of two identical heavy atoms and a light one, and the atomic mass ratio is treated as a continuation parameter. Under some nondegeneracy conditions, we show that a given family of relative periodic orbits existing at infinite mass ratio (and parametrized by phase, rotational degree of freedom and period) persists for sufficiently large mass ratio and for nearby angular velocities (this result is valid for small angular velocities). The proof is based on a method initially introduced by Sepulchre and MacKay [J.-A. Sepulchre, R.S. MacKay, Localized oscillations in conservative or dissipative networks of weakly coupled autonomous oscillators, Nonlinearity 10 (1997) 679-713] and further developed by Muñoz-Almaraz et al. [F.J. Muñoz-Almaraz, et al., Continuation of periodic orbits in conservative and Hamiltonian systems, Physica D 181 (2003) 1-38] for the continuation of normal periodic orbits in Hamiltonian systems. Our results provide several types of relative periodic orbits, which extend from small amplitude relative normal modes [J.-P. Ortega, Relative normal modes for nonlinear Hamiltonian systems, Proc. Roy. Soc. Edinburgh Sect. A 133 (2003) 665-704] up to large amplitude solutions which are not restrained to a small neighborhood of a stable relative equilibrium. In particular, we show the existence of large amplitude motions of inversion, where the light atom periodically crosses the segment between heavy atoms. This analysis is completed by numerical results on the stability and bifurcations of some inversion orbits as their angular velocity is varied

    Rapport du groupe de travail de l’alliance AthĂ©na sur l’internationalisation

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    Nul ne peut contester que l’internationalisation reprĂ©sente un facteur concourant Ă  desavancĂ©es scientifiques dĂ©cisives. La diffusion et la circulation des idĂ©es et des savoirs, lamobilitĂ© des chercheurs d’un pays ou d’un continent Ă  l’autre, la constitution de rĂ©seauxinterpersonnels, de sociĂ©tĂ©s professionnelles et savantes composĂ©es de chercheursd’horizons diffĂ©rents, constituent depuis longtemps des dynamiques solides, Ă  la fois entermes de production spĂ©cialisĂ©e de connaissances et de rĂ©flexion interdisciplinaire.L’internationalisation de l’enseignement supĂ©rieur et de la recherche ne sauraittoutefois ĂȘtre considĂ©rĂ©e comme un objectif en soi qui serait synonyme d’ « excellence »scientifique. Il existe aussi des recherches de trĂšs haut niveau qui sont menĂ©es sur unplan rĂ©gional ou national sans ouverture internationale, Ă  condition toutefois qu’elless’efforcent d’atteindre une montĂ©e en gĂ©nĂ©ralitĂ© par la comparaison ou lesproblĂ©matiques dĂ©ployĂ©es. L’internationalisation doit donc ĂȘtre apprĂ©ciĂ©e plutĂŽt commeun moyen permettant d’atteindre une certaine forme d’ « excellence » scientifique etcomme un vecteur de rayonnement de celle‐ci dans le vaste champ des connaissancesscientifiques.AprĂšs avoir dressĂ© un bilan de la situation actuelle grĂące Ă  une analyse d’indicateursrendant compte de l’intensitĂ© de l’internationalisation de l’enseignement supĂ©rieur et dela recherche française en SHS dans une perspective comparative, le groupe de travail de l'alliance AthĂ©na a sĂ©lectionnĂ© un certain nombre de problĂšmes et de thĂ©matiques dont l’étude dĂ©taillĂ©e est fournie dansles deuxiĂšme et troisiĂšme parties du rapport. Une analyse des recommandations surl’internationalisation des SHS françaises telles qu’elles ont Ă©tĂ© formulĂ©es dans plusieursrapports prĂ©cĂ©dents (rapport‐Supiot, rapport‐Godelier, rapport‐Maurel, etc.) a aussi Ă©tĂ©menĂ©e. Elle a permis de mesurer les progrĂšs accomplis et les difficultĂ©s persistantes,ainsi que l’émergence de nouvelles questions prioritaires liĂ©es aux transformationsayant affectĂ© les dispositifs de recherche français et international de l’enseignementsupĂ©rieur et de la recherche.Ont participĂ© Ă  ce rapport : Bruno SIRE, Alain PEYRAUBE, Olivier BOUIN, Pascal MARTY et Michael WERNE

    How Can TRIZ Tools Tremendously Stimulate the Lean Canvas Analysis to Foster Start-Up Business Model and Value Proposition?

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    Part 2: TRIZ and Other Innovation ApproachesInternational audienceTRIZ is a well-known innovative problem solving method, massively implemented within big industrial groups to boost their efficiency in innovation process. TRIZ is also a creativity technique providing a wide set of methodological formalized concepts applied through numerous tools. Case studies showed how start-ups can benefit from business innovation methodological good practices by enforcing the link between invention, innovation and intellectual property. This paper aims at demonstrating the ability of the formal TRIZ approach to contribute to the feasibility of the next step: helping entrepreneurs and start-ups’ stakeholders in accelerating their «serial innovation» capability while keeping the control of the Lean process. To achieve this ambitious and crucial objective, the team will share its best practices of TRIZ expertise aiming at fostering the Lean canvas in-depth analysis thanks to the powerful TRIZ appropriate tools in order to dramatically reinforce and secure the pioneer spirit
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