Towards Spatial Word Embeddings

Leveraging textual and spatial data provided in spatio-textual objects (eg., tweets), has become increasingly important in real-world applications, favoured by the increasing rate of their availability these last decades (eg., through smartphones). In this paper, we propose a spatial retrofitting method of word embeddings that could reveal the localised similarity of word pairs as well as the diversity of their localised meanings. Experiments based on the semantic location prediction task show that our method achieves significant improvement over strong baselines

PubMed related articles: a probabilistic topic-based model for content similarity

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>We present a probabilistic topic-based model for content similarity called <it>pmra </it>that underlies the related article search feature in PubMed. Whether or not a document is about a particular topic is computed from term frequencies, modeled as Poisson distributions. Unlike previous probabilistic retrieval models, we do not attempt to estimate relevance–but rather our focus is "relatedness", the probability that a user would want to examine a particular document given known interest in another. We also describe a novel technique for estimating parameters that does not require human relevance judgments; instead, the process is based on the existence of MeSH ^®in MEDLINE ^®.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>The <it>pmra </it>retrieval model was compared against <it>bm25</it>, a competitive probabilistic model that shares theoretical similarities. Experiments using the test collection from the TREC 2005 genomics track shows a small but statistically significant improvement of <it>pmra </it>over <it>bm25 </it>in terms of precision.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Our experiments suggest that the <it>pmra </it>model provides an effective ranking algorithm for related article search.</p

Milling plant and soil material in plastic tubes over-estimates carbon and under-estimates nitrogen concentrations

Peer reviewedPostprin

A Submodular Approach for Reference Recommendation

© 2020, Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. Choosing appropriate references for a given topic is an important, yet challenging task. The pool of potential candidates is typically very large, in the order of tens of thousands, and growing by the day. For this reason, this paper proposes an approach for automatically providing a reference list for a given manuscript. The approach is based on an original submodular inference function which balances relevance, coverage and diversity in the reference list. Experiments are carried out using an ACL corpus as a source for the references and evaluated by MAP, MRR and precision-recall. The results show the remarkable comparative performance of the proposed approach

The elastic constants of MgSiO3 perovskite at pressures and temperatures of the Earth's mantle

The temperature anomalies in the Earth's mantle associated with thermal convection1 can be inferred from seismic tomography, provided that the elastic properties of mantle minerals are known as a function of temperature at mantle pressures. At present, however, such information is difficult to obtain directly through laboratory experiments. We have therefore taken advantage of recent advances in computer technology, and have performed finite-temperature ab initio molecular dynamics simulations of the elastic properties of MgSiO3 perovskite, the major mineral of the lower mantle, at relevant thermodynamic conditions. When combined with the results from tomographic images of the mantle, our results indicate that the lower mantle is either significantly anelastic or compositionally heterogeneous on large scales. We found the temperature contrast between the coldest and hottest regions of the mantle, at a given depth, to be about 800K at 1000 km, 1500K at 2000 km, and possibly over 2000K at the core-mantle boundary.Comment: Published in: Nature 411, 934-937 (2001

Reduction of low- and high-grade cervical abnormalities associated with high uptake of the HPV bivalent vaccine in Scotland

In Scotland, a national HPV immunisation programme began in 2008 for 12-13 year olds, with a catch-up campaign from 2008-2011 for those under the age of 18. To monitor the impact of HPV immunisation on cervical disease at the population level, a programme of national surveillance was established.  We analysed colposcopy data from a cohort of women born between 1988-1992 who entered the Scottish Cervical Screening Programme (SCSP) and were aged 20-21 in 2008-2012.  By linking datasets from the SCSP and colposcopy services, we observed a significant reduction in diagnoses of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia 1 (CIN 1) (RR 0.71, 95% CI 0.58 to 0.87, p=0.0008), CIN 2 (RR 0.5, 95% CI 0.4, 0.63, p<0.0001) and CIN 3 (RR 0.45, 95% CI 0.35 to 0.58, p< 0.0001) for women who received 3 doses of vaccine compared with unvaccinated women.  To our knowledge, this is one of the first studies to show a reduction of low and high grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia associated with high uptake of the HPV bivalent vaccine at the population level. These data are very encouraging for countries that have achieved high HPV vaccine uptake