Typology of Primary School Children with Identified Developmental Disability and Learning Difficulties

Оригинал статьи получен 02 февраля 2023. Исправленная статья принята 20 февраля 2023.На современном этапе развития системы психолого-педагогической поддержки субъектов образовательного процесса наиболее актуальной становится задача своевременного диагностирования и выявления детей с проблемами в развитии, которые препятствуют освоению образовательной программы. По данным исследований, за последние десять лет количество младших школьников, не справляющихся с программой при сохранном интеллекте, неуклонно растет. В исследовании, направленном на выявление психологических особенностей детей с отклонениями в развитии, испытывающих трудности в обучении, приняли участие учащиеся младших классов средних школ Свердловской области в количестве 230 человек, из них 111 девочек (48 %) и 119 мальчиков (52 %). Основной методикой диагностики явился тест Тулуз-Пьерона, универсальный для психофизиологической оценки. Среди наиболее выраженных признаков минимальной мозговой дисфункции выделяются: недостатки сформированности памяти, мышления, произвольного внимания, повышенная умственная утомляемость, отвлекаемость, двигательная неуправляемость, слабость саморегулирования. В результате проведенного исследования подтверждены гипотезы о том, что у детей с минимальными мозговыми дисфункциями, в зависимости от выраженности типа, существуют особенности развития высших психических функций и характера поведения в процессе обучения, требующие специальных приемов контроля и оценки знаний учащихся.At the present stage of the development of the system of psychological and pedagogical support for the subjects of the educational process, the goal of timely diagnosis and identification children with developmental problems that are the reason for the lack of the necessary psychological basis to master the educational program becomes the most urgent. According to research over the past 10 years, the number of primary school pupils who fail to cope with the program with preserved intelligence is steadily growing. The study aimed at identifying the psychological characteristics of children with developmental disabilities having learning problems involved 230 pupils of junior high school in the Sverdlovsk region, 111 of them girls (48 %) and 119 boys (52 %). The main diagnostic method was the Toulouse-Pieron test, universal for psychophysiological assessment. The most expressed signs of the minimal brain dysfunction are deficiencies in the formation of memory, thinking, voluntary attention, increased mental fatigue, distractibility, motor uncontrollability, weakness of self-regulation. As a result of the study hypotheses were confirmed that in children with the minimal brain dysfunctions, depending on the severity of the type, there are features of the development of the higher mental functions and the nature of behavior in the learning process that require special techniques for monitoring and evaluating pupils’ knowledge

THE EFFECTS OF FEED ADDITIVES BASED ON THE WASTES OF POULTRY PROCESSING ON THE PRODUCTIVE PERFORMANCE AND MEAT QUALITY IN BROILER CHICKS

The wastes of the slaughter and primary processing of poultry could potentially be used as animal protein sources for broilers. Feed additives based on these wastes can solve the problem of their utilization and offer an opportunity to save on the more expensive animal protein sources. As it known, by-products are the most valuable source of animal protein. Of particular interest are the feather and meat and bone residue.There are several ways to obtain hydrolysates. One of them is important for enzymatic hydrolysis.The study was financed by the Russian Science Foundation, grant No 17-16-01-028-P

THE EFFECTS OF FEED ADDITIVES BASED ON THE WASTES OF POULTRY PROCESSING ON THE PRODUCTIVE PERFORMANCE AND MEAT QUALITY IN BROILER CHICKS

The productive performance and meat quality were studied in broiler chicks fed diets supplemented with easily digestible animal derived protein additives produced by short-term intense thermal treatment and enzymatic hydrolysis of keratin- and collagen-containing wastes of slaughter and processing of poultry. The trial was performed on 4 treatments of Ross-308 broilers (50 birds per treatment, from 1 to 38 days of age). Control treatment was fed diet with fishmeal as animal protein source; in treatments 2 and 3 the fishmeal was substituted by enzymatic hydrolysate of feathers (keratin-containing wastes) with and without probiotic preparation, respectively; in treatment 4 the fishmeal was substituted by a mixture of enzymatic hydrolysates of feathers and collagen-containing wastes with probiotic preparation. It was found that average live bodyweight at slaughter age was higher in all experimental treatments in compare to control

Circulating Cell-Free DNA in Dogs with Mammary Tumors: Short and Long Fragments and Integrity Index

Circulating cell-free DNA (cfDNA) has been considered an interesting diagnostic/prognostic plasma biomarker in tumor-bearing subjects. In cancer patients, cfDNA can hypothetically derive from tumor necrosis/apoptosis, lysed circulating cells, and some yet unrevealed mechanisms of active release. This study aimed to preliminarily analyze cfDNA in dogs with canine mammary tumors (CMTs). Forty-four neoplastic, 17 non-neoplastic disease-bearing, and 15 healthy dogs were recruited. Necrosis and apoptosis were also assessed as potential source of cfDNA on 78 CMTs diagnosed from the 44 dogs. The cfDNA fragments and integrity index significantly differentiated neoplastic versus non-neoplastic dogs (P<0.05), and allowed the distinction between benign and malignant lesions (P<0.05). Even if without statistical significance, the amount of cfDNA was also affected by tumor necrosis and correlated with tumor size and apoptotic markers expression. A significant (P<0.01) increase of Bcl-2 in malignant tumors was observed, and in metastatic CMTs the evasion of apoptosis was also suggested. This study, therefore, provides evidence that cfDNA could be a diagnostic marker in dogs carrying mammary nodules suggesting that its potential application in early diagnostic procedures should be further investigated

Consistency-based detection of potential tumor-specific deletions in matched normal/tumor genomes

Wittler R, Chauve C. Consistency-based detection of potential tumor-specific deletions in matched normal/tumor genomes. BMC Bioinformatics. 2011;12(Suppl. 9):S21

Reconstructing cancer genomes from paired-end sequencing data

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>A cancer genome is derived from the germline genome through a series of somatic mutations. Somatic structural variants - including duplications, deletions, inversions, translocations, and other rearrangements - result in a cancer genome that is a scrambling of intervals, or "blocks" of the germline genome sequence. We present an efficient algorithm for reconstructing the block organization of a cancer genome from paired-end DNA sequencing data.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>By aligning paired reads from a cancer genome - and a matched germline genome, if available - to the human reference genome, we derive: (i) a partition of the reference genome into intervals; (ii) adjacencies between these intervals in the cancer genome; (iii) an estimated copy number for each interval. We formulate the Copy Number and Adjacency Genome Reconstruction Problem of determining the cancer genome as a sequence of the derived intervals that is consistent with the measured adjacencies and copy numbers. We design an efficient algorithm, called Paired-end Reconstruction of Genome Organization (PREGO), to solve this problem by reducing it to an optimization problem on an interval-adjacency graph constructed from the data. The solution to the optimization problem results in an Eulerian graph, containing an alternating Eulerian tour that corresponds to a cancer genome that is consistent with the sequencing data. We apply our algorithm to five ovarian cancer genomes that were sequenced as part of The Cancer Genome Atlas. We identify numerous rearrangements, or structural variants, in these genomes, analyze reciprocal vs. non-reciprocal rearrangements, and identify rearrangements consistent with known mechanisms of duplication such as tandem duplications and breakage/fusion/bridge (B/F/B) cycles.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>We demonstrate that PREGO efficiently identifies complex and biologically relevant rearrangements in cancer genome sequencing data. An implementation of the PREGO algorithm is available at <url>http://compbio.cs.brown.edu/software/</url>.</p

FusionSeq: a modular framework for finding gene fusions by analyzing paired-end RNA-sequencing data

We have developed FusionSeq to identify fusion transcripts from paired-end RNA-sequencing. FusionSeq includes filters to remove spurious candidate fusions with artifacts, such as misalignment or random pairing of transcript fragments, and it ranks candidates according to several statistics. It also has a module to identify exact sequences at breakpoint junctions. FusionSeq detected known and novel fusions in a specially sequenced calibration data set, including eight cancers with and without known rearrangements

High Resolution Detection and Analysis of CpG Dinucleotides Methylation Using MBD-Seq Technology

Methyl-CpG binding domain protein sequencing (MBD-seq) is widely used to survey DNA methylation patterns. However, the optimal experimental parameters for MBD-seq remain unclear and the data analysis remains challenging. In this study, we generated high depth MBD-seq data in MCF-7 cell and developed a bi-asymmetric-Laplace model (BALM) to perform data analysis. We found that optimal efficiency of MBD-seq experiments was achieved by sequencing ∼100 million unique mapped tags from a combination of 500 mM and 1000 mM salt concentration elution in MCF-7 cells. Clonal bisulfite sequencing results showed that the methylation status of each CpG dinucleotides in the tested regions was accurately detected with high resolution using the proposed model. These results demonstrated the combination of MBD-seq and BALM could serve as a useful tool to investigate DNA methylome due to its low cost, high specificity, efficiency and resolution