Influence of gravity waves and tides on mesospheric temperature inversion layers: simultaneous Rayleigh lidar and MF radar observations

Three nights of simultaneous Rayleigh lidar temperature measurements over Gadanki (13.5° N, 79.2° E) and medium frequency (MF) radar wind measurements over Tirunelveli (8.7° N, 77.8° E) have been analyzed to illustrate the possible effects due to tidal-gravity wave interactions on upper mesospheric inversion layers. The occurrence of tidal gravity wave interaction is investigated using MF radar wind measurements in the altitude region 86–90 km. Of the three nights, it is found that tidal gravity wave interaction occurred in two nights. In the third night, diurnal tidal amplitude is found to be significantly larger. As suggested in Sica et al. (2007), mesospheric temperature inversion seems to be a signature of wave saturation in the mesosphere, since the temperature inversion occurs at heights, when the lapse rate is less than half the dry adiabatic lapse rate

Variabilities of mesospheric tides and equatorial electrojet strength during major stratospheric warming events

The present study demonstrates the relationship between the high latitude northern hemispheric major sudden stratospheric warming (SSW) events and the reversal in the afternoon equatorial electrojet (EEJ), often called the counter-electrojet (CEJ), during the winter months of 1998–1999, 2001–2002, 2003–2004 and 2005–2006. As the EEJ current system is driven by tidal winds, an investigation of tidal variabilities in the MF radar observed zonal winds during the winters of 1998–1999 and 2005–2006 at 88 km over Tirunelveli, a site close to the magnetic equator, shows that there is an enhancement of semi-diurnal tidal amplitude during the days of a major SSW event and a suppression of the same immediately after the event. The significance of the present results lies in demonstrating the latitudinal coupling between the high latitude SSW phenomenon and the equatorial ionospheric current system with clear evidence for major SSW events influencing the day-to-day variability of the CEJ

Computational Analysis of Heat Transfer through Fins with Different Types of Notches

The Engine is one of the important component in an automobile which is subjected to high temperature and thermal stresses. In order to cool the engine the fins are another component which are used to dissipate the heat from the Engine. Fins are generally used to increase the heat transfer rate from the system to the surroundings. By doing computational flow analysis on the engine cooling fins, it is helpful to know about the heat dissipation rate and the Principle implemented in this project is to increase the heat transfer rate, so in this analysis, the fins are modified by putting different types of notches and are of same material. The knowledge of efficiency and effectiveness of the fins are necessary for proper designing of fins. The main objective of our analysis is to determine the flow of heat at various notches available and the analysis is done by using ANSYS – CFD Fluent software

Andal Nachiyar's Marriage Dream and Psychology

Tamil is known as the language of devotion. Spiritual belief flourished due to Tamil and Tamil language flourished due to devotional practices. These two grew interwoven with each other. The Nayanmars and Alvars spread out in praise of the Lord today. Psychological messages are widely found in the songs sung in this way. Andal Nachiyar, one of the twelve Alwars, considered Malavan as his bride. Thirumal dreamed of marrying her. Varanamayiram, the hymn he sang about that dream, gives space for a psychological approach. According to psychologists, indulgence occurs in the fulfillment of repressed and latent subconscious desires by creating substitutes in various ways. The expression of such events is the works of art and literature and the dreams contained therein. What manifests through dreams are the desires of the subconscious mind. And these are illusions that may appear as fictitious figures. It can be revealed by the words slipping out of the mouth. Psychologist Sigmund Freud said that if you look at all these, you can identify the hidden desires. According to the above Freud's opinion, one can know his subconscious desires if one examines the Varanamayiram by Andal Nachiyar. Gothai, who loved Thirumal from a young age, wanted to marry Aranganqi with the conviction that he would not live as a man. This thought in his subconscious manifested itself as a dream. Tolkappiyar and Thiruvalluvar have mentioned the dream of the lovelorn hero and heroine as 'Kanavodu Mayangal' and Tiruvalluvar as the authority of the dream stage narration. Although dreaming text is considered a literary technique and every dream has a specific meaning. A scientific interpretation of dreams is possible and Freud's view of dreams is essential. In this way, Andal Nachiyar's dream of marriage is a strategy from a literary point of view, and from a philosophical point of view, the combination of life (Jivatma) - Lord (Paramatma) and from a psychological point of view, it is a memory of a deep childhood trauma

Types of water drunk by Tamils and their medicinal properties (Review of Sanga Literature - Padarthaguna Chintamani)

This world cannot survive without water is the motto of Thiruvalluvar. Water is essential for a country and its people to live prosperously and well. The purpose of this research paper is to compare the types of water drunk by the ancient Tamils ​​and their medical properties as reported in the medical book Padartha Guna Chintamani

Anaesthetic management of patients with Takotsubo cardiomyopathy

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/75203/1/j.1365-2044.2007.05238.x.pd

Identification of robust controller for 3hp 3Φ induction motor

This paper deals about the identification of robust controller for 3hp 3Φ induction motor which is used in cable industry (Ravicab cables private limited) at Bidadi. In this cable industry 3hp 3Φ induction motor is used for cable pulling purpose. This industry is using PID (Proportional derivative integral) controller based VFD (Voltage frequency drive) for controlling the speed of this 3hp 3Φ induction motor. This VFD is not functioning well for the non linear load and disturbance environment. Therefore in this paper Neural network based speed controller is proposed as proposed controller-I for replacing the PID based VFD. Performance of the 3hp 3Φ induction motor is estimated when Neural network controller is interfaced with the motor. Then Neuro-fuzzy controller based speed controller is proposed as proposed controller-II for replacing the PID based VFD. Performance of the 3hp 3Φ induction motor is estimated when Neuro-fuzzy controller is interfaced with the motor. At last robust controller for the 3hp 3Φ induction motor which is used for cable pulling purpose is going to be identified by doing comparison chart between Neural network and Neuro-fuzzy controller

Development and Validation of Analytical Methods for the Simultaneous Estimation of Atorvastatin Calcium, Aspirin, Ramipril and Metoprolol Tartrate in Bulk and in Pharmaceutical Dosage form by UV Spectroscopy and Hptlc.

The present studies was aimed to develop simple, precise and accurate methods for the estimation of Atorvastatin Calcium, Aspirin, Ramipril and Metoprolol Tartrate in bulk and in combined pharmaceutical dosage form and to validate the developed methods by UV-spectroscopy and HPTLC. Method Development: The solubility of individual drugs was checked and from the list of solvents the common and stable solvent for the four drugs was selected. The solvent selected for both UV spectroscopy and HPTLC must be cheap and readily available. The various steps involved in the method development as follows, UV Spectroscopy Selection of appropriate analytical wavelength and selection of suitable method determination of working concentration range, Analysis of synthetic mixture, Simultaneous analysis of the formulation by using the developed method HPTLC Method Determination of suitable detection wavelength, Optimization of chromatographic conditions, Analysis of formulation, System suitability testing. The two methods were found to be accurate, precise and rapid for the simultaneous estimation of these drugs. This was confirmed by low percentage RSD values. The spectrophotometric method is found to be economical when compared to the HPTLC method. But HPTLC is more sensitive than UV spectrophotometric method. The low percentage RSD value in the recovery studies suggests that the excipients do not interfere in the analysis of formulation and hence all the methods are accurate. HPTLC is found to be more sensitive than other method. Because the linearity range, LOD, LOQ were less in HPTLC method than UV spectroscopic method. Hence it is suggested that these two methods can be applied successfully for the routine quality control analysis for the simultaneous estimation of Atorvastatin Calcium, Aspirin, Ramipril and Metoprolol Tartrate in bulk and in pharmaceutical dosage form and the obtained results will be presented elsewhere

ASPERGILLUS FLAVUS MEDIATED SILVER NANOPARTICLES SYNTHESIS AND EVALUATION OF ITS ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY AGAINST DIFFERENT HUMAN PATHOGENS

Objective: Here, we report the extracellular synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using the cell-free extract of fungal isolate Aspergillus flavus and evaluation its inhibitory activity against bacterial pathogens. Methods: Synthesized AgNPs was characterized via high throughput instrumentation such as UV–Visible spectrophotometer (UV-Vis) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, High-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), X-ray Diffraction (XRD) and Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDAX). Results: Formation of yellowish brown colour clearly indicates the synthesis of AgNPs which produces a SPR peak at 420 nm. Active protein metabolites present in the cell-free extract plays a crucial role in reduction and stabilization of AgNPs. It was clearly observed that synthesized AgNPs were faced-centered cubic crystalline in nature with the mean size of 22±11 nm. Further, synthesized AgNPs capped with protein moieties exhibits excellent inhibitory activity against tested bacterial pathogens. Conclusion: In this study, we have isolated the fungal strain A. flavus from the infected larvae of D. eucharis from the soil. The active metabolites of isolated A. flavus have been successfully used as an eco-friendly reducing agent to generate AgNPs and synthesized particles can be potentially developed as a drug candidature for antimicrobial therapy

Prevalence of Microalbuminuria and It's correlation with duration and severity of Hypertension

INTRODUCTION: Microalbuminuria has been defined as albumin excretion of 20 to 200 mcg / minute or 30 to 300 mg /24 hour in a 24 hour urinary sample. Anything above this level is called macroalbuminuria. Microalbuminuria can also be defined in terms of the urinary albumin –to – creatinine ratio (UACR). A ratio greater than 30 mg /g in the first voided sample in the morning (clean, midstream) is considered abnormal. AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: 1. To study the prevalence of microalbuminuria in patients with hypertension. 2. To study whether microalbuminuria correlates with duration of hypertension. 3. To study whether microalbuminuria correlates with severity of hypertension-JNC 7 staging. 4. To study whether microalbuminuria correlates with severity of Target organ damage (TOD). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Setting: Outpatient clinic of Government Rajaji Hospital, Madurai. Design of Study: Analytical-cross sectional study. Period of Study: Six months (August 2008-January 2009). Sample Size and Selection of Study Subjects: Sixty hypertensive patients (both newly and previously diagnosed) attending the outpatient clinic were included in this Analytical-cross sectional study. This study group included 33 males and 27 females. The subjects included in the age groups ranging between 20yrs and 70yrs. Details of Study Subjects: Blood pressure was recorded using sphygmomanometer with standard cuff on 2 occasions 10 minutes apart. Patients should have refrained from smoking or drinking tea or coffee for at least 30 minutes before measuring BP .The higher of the two readings was taken as the patient’s blood pressure. Patients’ height and weight were measured and the body mass index was calculated using the formula weight/height. All the peripheral pulses were checked with special attention to carotids and femorals, to detect evidence for early atherosclerosis. An ocular fundus examination was done to detect hypertensive retinopathy. All the subjects had routine urine analysis (albumin, sugar and deposits) done. Fasting and 2 hour postprandial blood sugar, serum urea and creatinine were estimated. A 12 lead electrocardiogram and chest X-ray were also taken. All the patients were instructed to report with first early morning urine sample. Albumin in the urine is very stable at normal temperature, so urinary samples need not be frozen when sent to laboratory. Microalbuminuria was detected by the immunoturbidometric assay. CONCLUSION: In this study of 60 patients with hypertension, the prevalence of microalbuminuria was found to be high. The presence of microalbuminuria in hypertension is statistically correlated with the duration of hypertension. This study showed statistically significant correlation with systolic blood pressure and pulse pressure, but not with diastolic pressure. This study showed statistically significant correlation with severity of hypertension (JNC 7 STAGING). This study showed statistically significant correlation with target organ damage. Therefore urinary screening for microalbuminuria in patients with hypertension improves the targeting of primary prevention and should result in the reduction of target organ damage