A practical exploration of ontology interoperability

ISO Common Logic (CL, ISO/IEC 24707:2007) offers the Semantic Web (SW) a new and powerful dimension in achieving the effective discovery, automation, integration, and reuse across applications, data and knowledge. The paper shows how it is possible to explore such interoperability through small scale exemplar projects. As Conceptual Graphs (CG) is a key technology in CL, we focused on the Amine CG software and for the SW we focused on the Protégé OWL software, exploring the possible mappings between ontologies captured in OWL and in Amine. Through this practical exercise the dimensions and extent of the desired interoperability could be demonstrated. This small but significant experiment provided a practical insight into how CG Tools can actually interoperate towards achieving the wider goal of Ontology interoperability between CL and the SW.</p

Treatment of Vitamin D Deficiency in Predominantly Hispanic and Black Adolescents: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Objectives To compare 3 different treatment regimens for Vitamin D deficiency in minority adolescents and to explore factors that impact treatment efficacy. Study design We conducted an 8-week, prospective, open-label, randomized clinical trial in an urban, academic, children\u27s hospital. A total of 183 Vitamin D-deficient adolescents, mean 25-hydroxyVitamin D or 25(OH)D 13.7 ± 3.9 ng/mL; mean age 16.6 ± 2.2 years, were randomized into 3 Vitamin D3 (cholecalciferol) treatment arms: 50 000 IU/wk; 5000 IU/d; and 1000 IU/d. Serum 25(OH)D and Vitamin D binding protein (VDBP) levels were measured pre-and posttreatment; 122 (67%) participants completed posttreatment measures. Complete-case and multiple-imputation, intention-to-treat analyses were performed. Results Mean change in 25(OH)D level posttreatment was significantly different among the 3 arms, 24.9 ± 15.1 vs 21.0 ± 15.2 vs 6.2 ± 6.5 ng/mL, for 50 000 IU, 5000 IU, and 1000 IU doses, respectively, P \u3c.001. Both high-dose treatments were effective in increasing the 25(OH)D level out of deficiency range (≥20 ng/mL) in more than 80% of participants, and 60% remained deficient after low-dose treatment. Only 72%, 56%, and 2% achieved Vitamin D sufficiency (\u3e30 ng/mL) with 50 000 IU, 5000 IU, and 1000 IU doses, respectively, P \u3c.001. Obese participants had substantially less mean change in 25(OH)D level after treatment than normal-weight participants, 13.7 ± 10.7 vs 21.9 ± 16.9 ng/mL, P \u3c.001. Mean baseline VDBP level was almost twice as high in Hispanic compared with black participants (P \u3c.001) and did not alter treatment response or change with treatment. Conclusions Adult-sized adolescents require 8 weeks of high-dose cholecalciferol, at least 5000 IU/d, to correct deficiency. Obese adolescents have poorer response to treatment and may need higher doses than nonobese youth. Hispanic and black adolescents have different VDBP levels but similar treatment responses

H2-MHR Pre-Conceptual Design Report: SI-Based Plant; HTE-Based Plant

Hydrogen and electricity are expected to dominate the world energy system in the long term. The world currently consumes about 50 million metric tons of hydrogen per year, with the bulk of it being consumed by the chemical and refining industries. The demand for hydrogen is expected to increase, especially if the U.S. and other countries shift their energy usage towards a hydrogen economy, with hydrogen consumed as an energy commodity by the transportation, residential, and commercial sectors. However, there is strong motivation to not use fossil fuels in the future as a feedstock for hydrogen production, because the greenhouse gas carbon dioxide is a byproduct and fossil fuel prices are expected to increase significantly. For electricity and hydrogen production, an advanced reactor technology receiving considerable international interest is a modular, passively-safe version of the high-temperature, gas-cooled reactor (HTGR), known in the U.S. as the Modular Helium Reactor (MHR), which operates at a power level of 600 MW(t). For electricity production, the MHR operates with an outlet helium temperature of 850 C to drive a direct, Brayton-cycle power-conversion system (PCS) with a thermal-to-electrical conversion efficiency of 48 percent. This concept is referred to as the Gas Turbine MHR (GT-MHR). For hydrogen production, the process heat from the MHR is used to produce hydrogen. This concept is referred to as the H2-MHR

Human sacrifices as "Crisis management" ? The case of the Early Neolithic site of Herxheim, Palatinate, Germany

International audienc