School-based prevention for adolescent Internet addiction: prevention is the key. A systematic literature review

Adolescents’ media use represents a normative need for information, communication, recreation and functionality, yet problematic Internet use has increased. Given the arguably alarming prevalence rates worldwide and the increasingly problematic use of gaming and social media, the need for an integration of prevention efforts appears to be timely. The aim of this systematic literature review is (i) to identify school-based prevention programmes or protocols for Internet Addiction targeting adolescents within the school context and to examine the programmes’ effectiveness, and (ii) to highlight strengths, limitations, and best practices to inform the design of new initiatives, by capitalizing on these studies’ recommendations. The findings of the reviewed studies to date presented mixed outcomes and are in need of further empirical evidence. The current review identified the following needs to be addressed in future designs to: (i) define the clinical status of Internet Addiction more precisely, (ii) use more current psychometrically robust assessment tools for the measurement of effectiveness (based on the most recent empirical developments), (iii) reconsider the main outcome of Internet time reduction as it appears to be problematic, (iv) build methodologically sound evidence-based prevention programmes, (v) focus on skill enhancement and the use of protective and harm-reducing factors, and (vi) include IA as one of the risk behaviours in multi-risk behaviour interventions. These appear to be crucial factors in addressing future research designs and the formulation of new prevention initiatives. Validated findings could then inform promising strategies for IA and gaming prevention in public policy and education

Is the deinstitutionalisation of alternative care a ‘wicked problem’? A qualitative study exploring the perceptions of child welfare practitioners and policy actors in Thailand

This study examined deinstitutionalisation in Thailand. Qualitative interviews were conducted with a total of 27 child welfare practitioners and policy actors to explore their perceptions of Thai alternative care provision. Findings show that participants perceive deinstitutionalisation as a complex policy challenge. Some felt that the institutions were necessary in order to meet demand, while others felt that cultural barriers prevent a shift to family-based approaches, such as foster care. However, data suggest that it would be difficult to characterise deinstitutionalisation as a ‘wicked policy problem’ as participants were hopeful for change, citing increased family- strengthening policies alongside efforts to implement foster care

Treatment of childhood encopresis — a review

Children with encopresis may present to a number of different professionals. The literature on different treatment methods is reviewed. The roles of verbal psychotherapy, physical treatment, behaviour therapy and mixed treatment programmes are discussed

Aparato reproductor y parámetros seminales de vicuña (Vicugna vicugna vicugna)

The aims of this study were: 1) to determine testicle size and shape, 2) ultrasonographically evaluate the accessory sex glands associated to the male reproductive tract, 3) collect semen by electroejaculation and determine semen parameters in vicuna. Knowledge on vicuna male reproductive system is scarce, thus the objectives of this study are important for estimating the reproductive fitness of males in the future.\nMeasurements for the right and left testes were 3.91±0.64 cm and 3.91±0.60 cm long and 1.92±0.31 cm and 1.93±0.37 cm wide respectively (n=19). Ultrasonographically, the average length and width\nof the prostate was 1.69 cm and 1.76 cm respectively and the average length and width of the bulbourethral glands was 1.08 cm and 1.60 cm respectively. No seminal vesicles were observed and the average distance between anus and prostate was obtained (11.5 cm) (n=3). Semen presented the following characteristics (range): whitish color, thread formation, pH (7.0-7.7), volume (1.0-2.5 ml), concentration (10-140x106 sperm/ml), sperm motility (0 to 10%) and morphology (normal\nsperm 66-75%) (n=3; 7 ejaculates). Eighty nine percent of the sperm nuclei stained with Feulgen were morphologically normal and the morphometric characteristics were obtained using digital\nmicrophotographs (n=1; 3 ejaculates). Nuclei stained with Toluidine Blue showed three distinct staining patterns, which are associated with different degrees of chromatin maturation. These results confirmed that it is feasible to collect vicuna semen using electroejaculation and to evaluate the ejaculates thus obtained.Fil: Giuliano, S.M. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias. Cátedra de Física Biológica. Buenos Aires, ArgentinaFil: Giuliano, S.M. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias. Instituto de Investigación y Tecnología en Reproducción Animal (INITRA). Buenos Aires, ArgentinaFil: Spirito, S.E. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias. Cátedra de Física Biológica. Buenos Aires, ArgentinaFil: Miragaya, M.H. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias. Cátedra de Teriogenología. Buenos Aires, ArgentinaFil: Miragaya, M.H. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias. Instituto de Investigación y Tecnología en Reproducción Animal (INITRA). Buenos Aires, ArgentinaFil: Rutter, B. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias. Cátedra de Teriogenología. Buenos Aires, ArgentinaFil: Agüero, A. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias. Cátedra de Teriogenología. Buenos Aires, ArgentinaFil: Agüero, A. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias. Instituto de Investigación y Tecnología en Reproducción Animal (INITRA). Buenos Aires, ArgentinaFil: Capdevielle, E.F. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias. Cátedra de Teriogenología. Buenos Aires, ArgentinaFil: Capdevielle, E.F. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias. Instituto de Investigación y Tecnología en Reproducción Animal (INITRA). Buenos Aires, ArgentinaFil: Boquet, M.D. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias. Cátedra de Física Biológica. Buenos Aires, ArgentinaFil: Ferrari M.R. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias. Cátedra de Física Biológica. Buenos Aires, ArgentinaFil: Ferrari M.R. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias. Instituto de Investigación y Tecnología en Reproducción Animal (INITRA) . Buenos Aires, ArgentinaEste estudio tuvo como objetivos determinar el tamaño y forma testicular, evaluar ultrasonográficamente las glándulas anexas del aparato reproductor macho, obtener semen mediante electroeyaculación y determinar parámetros seminales de la vicuña (Vicugna, vicugna vicugna). Debido a que son escasos los reportes sobre los parámetros reproductivos de los machos de esta especie, los objetivos planteados son importantes para contribuir al conocimiento de la fisiología reproductiva de estos camélidos.\nLos testículos derecho e izquierdo presentaron respectivamente, un largo de 3,91±0,64 cm y 3,91±0,60 cm y un ancho de 1,92±0,31 cm y 1,93±0,37 cm (n=19 machos). En tres machos (n=3, r=1) se determinó por ultrasonografía, que la próstata tenía 1,69 cm de largo y 1,76 cm de ancho. Las glándulas bulbouretrales presentaron un largo y ancho promedio de 1,08 cm y 1,60 cm respectivamente. Se comprobó la ausencia de vesículas seminales y la distancia ano-próstata promedio fue de 11,5 cm. El semen presentó las siguientes características (rango): color blancuzco, filancia, pH (7,0-7,7), volumen (1,0?2,5 ml), concentración espermática (10-140x106 espermatozoides/ml), movilidad (0 a 10%), morfología espermática normal (66-75%) (n=3; 7 eyaculados). El 89% de los núcleos espermáticos, teñidos con la reacción de Feulgen, eran morfológicamente normales y a partir de imágenes digitalizadas del núcleo se determinaron valores morfométricos (n=1; 3 eyaculados). La coloración del núcleo con Azul de Toluidina permitió observar 3 patrones de coloración asociados con distintos grados de maduración de la cromatina. Este estudio confirmó la posibilidad de extraer semen de vicuña mediante electroeyaculación y de evaluar los eyaculados