2,987 research outputs found
The Path of Internet Law: An Annotated Guide to Legal Landmarks
The evolution of the Internet has forever changed the legal landscape. The Internet is the world’s largest marketplace, copy machine, and instrumentality for committing crimes, torts, and infringing intellectual property. Justice Holmes’s classic essay on the path of the law drew upon six centuries of case reports and statutes. In less than twenty-five years, Internet law has created new legal dilemmas and challenges in accommodating new information technologies. Part I is a brief timeline of Internet case law and statutory developments for Internet-related intellectual property (IP) law. Part II describes some of the ways in which the Internet is redirecting the path of IP in a globalized information-based economy. Our broader point is that every branch of substantive and procedural law is adapting to the digital world. Part III is the functional equivalent of a GPS for locating the latest U.S. and foreign law resources to help lawyers, policymakers, academics and law students lost in cyberspace
Monitoring Attempted Eradication of the Invasive Species Northern Pike (Esox lucius), and Re-Establishment of Three-Spined Stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus) in Gillsvann, using eDNA Analysis.
Anthropogenic activities are putting marine and freshwater ecosystems under increasing pressure and global climate change is causing transformations in ecosystems and food chains worldwide. Invasive species pose one of the greatest threats to natural diversity and the endemic species essential for ecosystem balance. In November 2021, Gillsvann in Kristiansand, Norway, was treated with rotenone with the aim of eradicating the invasive species Northern pike (Esox lucius) from the lake. The effectiveness of the treatment was monitored using environmental DNA (eDNA) analysis. The primary objective was to investigate the presence of Northern pike eDNA in the lake from November 2021 (after the treatment) to November 2022. Monthly water samples were collected from 14 different locations in Gillsvann and analyzed using real-time PCR with species-specific eDNA. The findings of the study revealed that the presence of Northern pike eDNA was observed consistently each month up until the month of April in the year 2022. However, from the month of May until November in the same year, there was no detection of Northern pike eDNA, suggesting that the species may have been successfully eliminated from the lake. The second objective was to analyze eDNA of three-spined stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus) to assess the re-establishment of endemic species. The results suggest that three-spined stickleback likely re-invaded the lake following the rotenone treatment, with eDNA levels returning to pre-treatment levels by June 2022. This indicates that the species has successfully re-established in Gillsvann. Overall, this study demonstrates the potential effectiveness of rotenone treatment for eradicating invasive species and the utility of eDNA analysis for monitoring the possible success of eradication efforts and re-establishment of native species
Ewald methods for polarizable surfaces with application to hydroxylation and hydrogen bonding on the (012) and (001) surfaces of alpha-Fe2O3
We present a clear and rigorous derivation of the Ewald-like method for
calculation of the electrostatic energy of the systems infinitely periodic in
two-dimensions and of finite size in the third dimension (slabs) which is
significantly faster than existing methods. Molecular dynamics simulations
using the transferable/polarizable model by Rustad et al. were applied to study
the surface relaxation of the nonhydroxylated, hydroxylated, and solvated
surfaces of alpha-Fe2O3 (hematite). We find that our nonhydroxylated structures
and energies are in good agreement with previous LDA calculations on
alpha-alumina by Manassidis et al. [Surf. Sci. Lett. 285, L517, 1993]. Using
the results of molecular dynamics simulations of solvated interfaces, we define
end-member hydroxylated-hydrated states for the surfaces which are used in
energy minimization calculations. We find that hydration has a small effect on
the surface structure, but that hydroxylation has a significant effect. Our
calculations, both for gas-phase and solution-phase adsorption, predict a
greater amount of hydroxylation for the (012) surface than for the (001)
surface. Our simulations also indicate the presence of four-fold coordinated
iron ions on the (001) surface.Comment: 23 pages, REVTeX (LaTeX), 8 figures not included, e-mail to
[email protected], paper accepted in Surface Scienc
Alien Registration- Rustad, Axel (Bangor, Penobscot County)
https://digitalmaine.com/alien_docs/10971/thumbnail.jp
Therapeutic Hypothermia for Neonatal Hypoxic Ischemic Encephalopathy: Effects on Neurodevelopmental Outcomes
Therapeutic hypothermia is a standardized protocol in the management of term- or near- term neonates who have suffered asphyxia in the perinatal period. Birth asphyxia, if sustained, may develop into a more serious condition known as hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (HIE). Depending on severity, HIE is associated with adverse cognitive and neurodevelopmental outcomes, yet through various physiological mechanisms, hypothermia sustained for a 72-hour period has been shown to attenuate, or even prevent, permanent brain damage by decreasing cerebral energy demands. Unfortunately, cognitive and neurodevelopmental outcomes are difficult to prognosticate before or after completion of hypothermia protocol, but existing standards and technology allow for reliable prognostication up at 18 months of age. Currently, research is underway to identify certain imaging and biochemical modalities that may help predict cognitive and neurodevelopmental outcomes at various stages of childhood beyond 18 months of age, even before hypothermia is initiated, as well as to evaluate methods holding potential to strengthen hypothermia protocol as it presently stands
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