Exercise-induced neuroprotection in a hemiparkinsonian 6-hydroxydopamine rat model

Outside of finding a cure, one of the preeminent goals of research in Parkinson\u27s disease (PD) is finding a neuroprotective treatment that when applied prior to the onset of the disease will decrease the risk and severity of the subsequent disease. One such treatment that has potential as a neuroprotective agent in PD is exercise. Several studies have found forced exercise to be protective of Parkinson\u27s disease in adult rodent models; however, few of these studies have used a design wherein voluntary exercise was evaluated. Moreover, no study has used a true neuroprotective design in which exercise was applied prior to disease onset and throughout the life of the animal. Therefore, the focus of this dissertation was to further explore the role of a preconditioning of exercise, both forced and voluntary, in a 6-hydroxydopamine-induced hemiparkinsonian rat model. The research approach adopted in this dissertation included a randomized control design of forced and voluntary exercise (i.e., treadmill and running wheel) applied before and after neurotoxin-induced hemiparkinsonism. Motor behavior tests were used to assess the outcomes. The findings from this dissertation provide evidence that exercise, either forced or voluntary, does not provide any neuroprotective benefit in terms of protection from Parkinsonian motor signs and forelimb asymmetry. The collective results of this dissertation cast doubt on the current body of the literature on exercise neuroprotection in PD and suggest that the notion that exercise is neuroprotective is premature

Moderne Strafvordering? Enkele observaties van een advocaat

Criminal Justice: Legitimacy, accountability, and effectivit

A Systematic Review of the Effects of Meditative and Mindful Walking on Mental and Cardiovascular Health

International Journal of Exercise Science 15(2): 1692-1734, 2022. Meditative and mindful exercise are types of physical exercise during which people pay attention, on purpose, to each new present moment without judging their experience. The goal is to apply an accepting awareness of the environment, bodily sensations, thoughts, and emotions without labeling them (e.g., good or bad). The literature centers on qigong, tai chi, and yoga, which are types of mindful exercise that improve mental and cardiovascular health. It is unclear if meditative and mindful walking also improve these health domains. To the authors’ knowledge, this question has not been addressed by a published systematic review. The purpose of this systematic review without a meta-analysis was to synthesize the literature on meditative and mindful walking to determine their effects on mental and cardiovascular health. The protocol follows the PRISMA guidelines, is registered in PROSPERO (CRD42021241180), and is published elsewhere in a peer-reviewed journal. The systematic review contains 14 studies that had various populations, interventions, and outcomes. In 13 studies, the interventions statistically significantly improved scores on at least one outcome of mental or cardiovascular health (e.g., affect, anxiety, depression, distress, state mindfulness, stress, blood pressure, and six-minute walk distance). The improved outcomes should be interpreted cautiously because their clinical meaningfulness is unclear, and the studies had severe methodological limitations. Determining if meditative and mindful walking meaningfully improve mental and cardiovascular health will require randomized controlled trials that use rigorous designs, transparent protocols, and clinically meaningful outcomes that indicate physical function, mental wellbeing, morbidity, and mortality

Determination of Reference of concentration (RFC) from Hydrogen Sulfide (H2S) Exposure in the community Based on Weight in Industrial Area in Medan Indonesia

Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is a colorless, highly toxic, flammable and rotten egg smelled gas. This gas can cause adverse effects on health, especially in the respiratory tract. Low concentrations of H2S for long periods of time can cause permanent effects such as respiratory problems, headaches and chronic cough. Hydrogen sulfide can be formed naturally and from the process of human activity. One of these human activities is the process of processing animal food and marine products in Medan Industrial Area which produces exhaust gas in the form of H2S gas. The aim of the study was to calculate the value of RfC from H2S exposure in communities in Industrial Area in Medan, Indonesia. This is an observational cross-sectional study with quantitative manual data analysis method. The study sample was 52 residents of industrial estates at a radius of 300m and 52 residents at radius of 800m. Research variables included H2S concentrations in Medan Industrial Area, body weight, height, respiratory rate, length of day exposure time, body surface area, weight of white mice, body surface of white mice, highest dose of toxin without effect on experimental animals (NOAEL), factor Km in animal (Animal Km), factor Km in human (Human Km) and Reference of Concentration si (RfC). The result showed that H2S concentrations at a radius of 300 m was 0.022 ppm and at an radius of 800 m is 0.0064 ppm. This value is above the Threshold Limit Value according to ATSDR provision of 0,0005 ppm. Concentration of H2S RfC in this study was 0.001 mg/kg; which is smaller than that of released by EPA 2003. 11 The results of the RfC in this study is safe for humans. However, H2S gas around residential areas was close to NAB. This can increase at any time and can have a negative influence on public health. Therefore, control measures need to be carried out, including by installing additional air monitoring devices in several locations by waste management agencies. In addition, recording is also needed for all complaints of odor felt by the community, including nature, location, time and frequency of complaints. With these measures, air quality, exposure level, and health effects can be controlled

Pendidikan keluarga dan masalah kewibawaan

110 hal.; 21 cm

Lessen over hogere algebra

239 p.; 24 cm