Mirror instability in a plasma with cold gyrating dust particles

In this work linear stability analysis of a magnetized dusty plasma with an anisotropic dust component having transversal motions much stronger than motions parallel to the external magnetic field, and isotropic light plasma components is described. Such a situation presumably establishes in a shock compressed space dusty plasma downstream the shock front. Oblique low-frequency magneto-hydrodynamic waves ($\omega\ll \omega_{cd}$, $\omega_{cd}$ being the dust cyclotron frequency) are shown to be undergone to the mirror instability. Consequences for nonthermal dust destruction behind shock fronts in the interstellar medium are discussed.Comment: 13 pages, 5 figs, accepted to Phys. Pasma

Terahertz Spectroscopy System of Gas Mixtures Based on a Solid State Superconducting Source and a Terahertz Receiver

Abstract: The application of a Josephson generator of the terahertz range based on a long superconductor–insulator–superconductor tunnel junction matched with a transmitting antenna and emitting a signal into open space is demonstrated for gas spectroscopy. The generator is used as an active source, the signal of which is absorbed by a sample of a gas mixture in a cell with a length of 60 cm and then recorded by a spectrometer based on a superconductor–insulator–superconductor receiver with a spectral resolution better than 100 kHz. In the experiment, the absorption lines of ammonia and water in the terahertz range were recorded, and the dependence of the spectral characteristics of the absorption lines on the pressure of the gas mixture in a wide range (from 0.005 to 10 mbar) was demonstrated

Investigation of the structure and dynamics of the ozone layer in the Eastern Arctic region during EASOE Campaign

Balloon measurements of the vertical distribution of ozone and aerosol were made at Dickson Island (73 deg N, 81 deg E), Kiruna (68 deg N, 20 deg E) and Heiss Island (81 deg N, 58 deg E) from December 1991 to March 1992. To acquire data on the seasonal variability of the vertical ozone distribution, electrochemical ozonesondes ECC-4A were flown three times a week. With ozonesondes on the same balloons, backscattersondes were flown on the average of two or three times per month. Using these instruments, altitude profiles of backscatter ratio were measured at two wavelengths centered at 490 nm and 940 nm. Additionally, at Heiss Island, Dickson, and Yakutsk (63 deg N, 130 deg E) regular total ozone measurements were obtained using Brewer spectrophotometers. Based on measurements of backscatter ratio it was found that after the Pinatubo eruption in June 1991 significant amount of stratospheric aerosols were formed and transported to the Arctic before the polar vortex was well developed. Analysis of ozone data has shown a deep decrease of ozone concentration in the lower stratosphere in times of intensive transportation of air masses from low latitudes to the polar region in the second half of January and also for some periods in February and March of 1992. When the values of backscatter ratio beta were more than 8-10 at a wavelength of 940 nm strong anticorrelation occurred between aerosol loading and ozone concentration in the lower stratosphere. At 50-70 deg N, the mean monthly values of total ozone in winter-spring 1992 proved to be much lower than the climatic mean values

Динамика заработной платы молодежи на российском рынке труда

The article considers socio-economic status of young people in the Russian labor market on the basis of analysis of the pooled cross-sectional data on real wages of young workers from 2000 to 2013, which is compared with wages of adult workers (of 30 years of age and older). This research is the first one to present analysis of economic status of youth on the basis of microdata array of the Russia Longitudinal Monitoring Survey (RLMS-HSE) comparable with the data from the Rosstat. The author reviews the gap between youth wages and those of adult workers, including by the level of education, employment sector, professional qualification and gender. Mincer wage equation is estimated separately for adult and young workers, by applying the method of least squares using Heckman’s procedure. The performed analysis showed that for the period under review the relative economic status of the youth has improved significantly: adult-young wage gap decreased by 13 percent, earnings of youth and adult workers equaled, youth wages grew faster than wages of workers of older cohorts. Nevertheless, there still is an adult-young wage gap for workers with higher education. Adult workers earn higher wages at the workplaces that require tenure (education, public sector), as well as at the high skilled jobs that require both tenure and higher education. On the contrary, at low-skilled jobs, where work experience is irrelevant, young workers earnings are higher.В статье анализируется социально-экономическое положение молодежи на российском рынке труда на основе рассмотрения динамики реальной заработной платы с 2000 по 2013 г., которая сравнивается с заработной платой взрослых работников (в возрасте 30лет и старше). В исследовании впервые проводится анализ экономического положения молодежи на сопоставимом с данными Росстата массиве микроданных Российского мониторинга экономического положения и здоровья населения (РМЭЗ) НИУ ВШЭ. Автор рассматривает динамику различий в заработной плате молодежи и взрослых работников, в том числе в зависимости от уровня образования, отрасли занятости, уровня профессиональной квалификации и гендерной принадлежности. Отдельно для взрослых работников и молодежи оценивается уравнение заработной платы минцеровского типа при помощи метода наименьших квадратов (МНК) с использованием процедуры Хекмана. Проведенный анализ показал, что за рассматриваемый период относительное экономическое положение молодежи существенно улучшилось: разрыв в оплате труда взрослых и молодых работников снизился на 13%, заработки молодежи и взрослых работников сравнялись, заработная плата молодежи росла быстрее, чем заработная плата взрослых работников. Вместе с тем сохранились различия в уровне заработной платы молодых и взрослых работников с высшим образованием. Взрослые работники получают более высокую заработную плату на рабочих местах, на которых особенно ценится опыт работы (сфера образования, органы управления), а также на высококвалифицированных рабочих местах, требующих одновременно и наличия опыта, и высшего образования. Для низкоквалифицированных рабочих мест, на которых опыт работы не имеет существенного значения, наоборот, можно констатировать более высокий уровень оплаты труда молодежи по сравнению со взрослыми работниками

An Antenna with a Feeder for a Superconducting Terahertz Josephson Oscillator with Phase Locking

A principal layout of a Josephson terahertz radiation oscillator integrated with a transmitting antenna-lens system and a harmonic mixer (HM) for phase locking of radiation has been proposed and was successfully implemented. Two antenna-feeder systems designed for the central frequencies of 0.3 and 0.6 THz and located on the same chip with the oscillator are numerically simulated and fabricated. A microstrip transmission line between the oscillator and the antenna is used as the feeder. A study was carried out on matching the oscillator power and HM for two designs; the frequency range of pumping HM was 0.25-0.45 and 0.5-0.68 THz for the designs at 0.3 and 0.6 THz, respectively. Good agreement was obtained between experimental results and numerical simulations. A study of the spectral characteristics of the radiation of the oscillator into the external space for the 0.6 THz design using a superconducting integrated spectrometer was carried out. The linewidth of an emission line in free-running regime was of the order of several megahertz; in the phase locking regime down to tens of kilohertz with a signal-to-noise ratio of more than 20 dB was obtained

X-RAY DIAGNOSTICS OF PATHOLOGY OF MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM USING DX-D FULL LEG FULL SPINE SYSTEM

Применение системы DX-D Full Leg Full Spine относится к современным технологиям рентгенологического исследования, позволяющего получить высокое качество рентгенограммы при минимальной лучевой нагрузке. Система DX-D Full Leg Full Spine обеспечивает технологический процесс получения изображений для диагностики ортопедической патологии в положении стоя. Основная функция данной системы - автоматический технологический процесс, позволяющий на основе индивидуальных анатомических особенностей пациента за короткий промежуток времени и с высокой степенью точности подобрать необходимую металлоконструкцию, соответствующую объему оперативного вмешательства. В описанном клиническом наблюдении показано выполнение исследования нижних конечностей на рентгенологическом аппарате DX-D 300 с использованием системы DX-D Full Leg Full Spine с определением укорочения ротационной деформации правой нижней конечности, оценки структуры костей, соотношения суставных поверхностей в тазобедренных и коленных суставах

A superconducting flux-flow oscillator of terahertz range

We have elaborated, fabricated and tested a THz source radiating to open space based on the superconducting flux-flow oscillator (FFO). In this concept, the oscillator is integrated with the transmitting lens antenna based on a slot structure in Nb film with a thickness of ∼200 nm located on the same chip. The slot planar antenna is matched to the oscillator (by input) and to the semielliptical Si lens with a diameter of 10 mm (by output) providing a narrow output beam of THz emission. A harmonic mixer based on the superconductor-insulator-superconductor junction embedded in the "FFO and antenna" integrated structure has been used for the phase locking of the oscillator. Several designs of antenna coupled with the oscillator by microstrip lines have been numerically simulated, and the batches of experimental samples based on Nb-AlN-NbN superconducting trilayers with Rn •A ∼ 20 Ω•μm2 (jc ∼ 10 kA/cm2) have been fabricated and tested. Two different setups were used for experimental study: A THz spectrometer based on the SIS receiver with a high spectral resolution (better than 0.1 MHz) and a Si bolometer. The overall operating range of 250 to 700 GHz is covered by all the developed designs

Clinical use of Ortho-SUV transosseous hexapod in treatment of lower limb false joints

We studied the use of Ortho-SUV hexapod in the treatment of 15 patients with lower limb false joints. All patients were at active working age - from 22 to 50 years. 1n 12 patients, the period from the moment of trauma was 1 to 3 years, in 3 patients - 3 to 6 years. 5 patients had femoral false joints, 10 patients - shin false joints. 1n 98 % of cases, the formation of false joints was caused by inadequate treatment of initial trauma. 1n 100 % of cases, false joint localized at diaphyseal level and was accompanied with shortening of injured segment for 2.5 ± 1.0 cm in 13 patients, and for 0.5 and 0.8 cm in 2 cases. We also registered recurvatum and valgus deformity in 5 patients, recurvatum and varus deformity in 8 patients, and antecurvatum and varus deformity in 2 patients. Combined contracture in knee and ankle joint was found in 90 % of patients. Using combined transosseous osteosynthesis along with Ortho-SUV hexapod allowed us to correct hip deformity for 35 ± 10 days and ankle deformity - for 20 ± 5 days on the average. When shortening of femoral bone for more than 5.0 cm, the deformity was corrected in two stages. At the first stage, we reconstructed the length of a segment using methods of transosseous osteosynthesis at discrete-continuum distraction. At the second stage, we corrected deformity using Ortho-SUV hexapod within specified time limits. Duration of femoral and shin false joint consolidation was 194 ± 16 days. We registered inflammatory complications in the areas of transosseous elements contacting soft tissues in 3 (0.2 %) patients. These complications didn't have an effect on the treatment results

Long-term results of surgical treatment of chronic posttraumatic anterior shoulder instability at the bone defect of scapula articular process

According to the results of multi-layer spiral CT, the main reason of shoulder instability is a bone defect of scapula articular surface. Frequency of poor results after common surgical treatment is high and runs up to 30 % of cases. The aim of the research was to estimate long-term results of surgical treatment of patients with chronic posttraumatic anterior shoulder instability at the edge bone defect of scapula articular surface using restoration of the anatomy of scapula articular surface by free autograft. We conducted open controlled prospective randomized study in the clinic of Irkutsk Scientific Center of Surgery and Traumatology. Estimation of long-term results of surgical treatment was conducted by the next criteria: functional (range of motions of operated upper extremity), subjective (visual analogue scale of pain, integral estimation of functional results by Rowe - Zarins and DASH scales), objective (X-ray imaging of shoulder joint in -x views and multi-layer spiral CT) and complications. Estimation of functional and anatomic results of 34 patients in 3 years after the operation proved clinical effectiveness of proposed surgical method. Overall level of conclusiveness of the research can be defined as level B and the effect of treatment as class I. Therefore, using free autograft from iliac crest allows to restore lost surface of scapula cavity more than 15 % of total surface