1,949 research outputs found
Influence of the cooling-rate on the glass transition temperature and the structural properties of glassy GeS2: an ab initio molecular dynamics study
Using density-functional molecular dynamics simulations we analyzed the
cooling-rate effects on the physical properties of GeS chalcogenide
glasses. Liquid samples were cooled linearly in time according to where is the cooling rate. We found that our model leads to
a promising description of the glass transition temperature as a function
of and gives a correct for experimental cooling rates. We also
investigated the dependence of the structural properties on the cooling rate.
We show that, globally, the properties determined from our simulations are in
good agreement with experimental values and this even for the highest cooling
rates. In particular, our results confirm that, in the range of cooling rates
studied here, homopolar bonds and extended charged regions are always present
in the glassy phase. Nevertheless in order to reproduce the experimental
intermediate range order of the glass, a maximum cooling rate should not be
exceeded in numerical simulations.Comment: 12 pages, 6 figures. To appear in J. Phys.: C
Une approche nouvelle du problème posé par les reconstructions des paléoniveaux lacustres : utilisation d'une fonction de transfert basée sur les faunes d'ostracodes
The productivity advantages of large cities: Distinguishing agglomeration from firm selection
Firms are more productive on average in larger cities. Two explanations have been offered: agglomeration economies (larger cities promote interactions that increase productivity) and firm selection (larger cities toughen competition allowing only the most productive to survive). To distinguish between them, we nest a generalised version of a seminal firm selection model and a standard model of agglomeration. Stronger selection in larger cities left truncates the productivity distribution whereas stronger agglomeration right shifts and dilates the distribution. We assess the relative importance of agglomeration and firm selection using French establishment level data and a new quantile approach. Spatial productivity differences in France are mostly explained by agglomeration.agglomeration; firm selection; productivity; cities
Damage Detection and Localisation Using Mode-Based Method and Perturbation Theory
International audienceIn this paper, the detection and the localization of a local perturbation are assessed by analysing the frequency changes only (fundamental mode and overtones). After describing the method used herein applied to the bending beam and based on the perturbation theory, experimental application to a 1D plexiglas beam is shown using frequency and modal analysis technique. The damage is considered as a local perturbation of Young's modulus. Finally, the localisation of damage is done using classical modal-based methods and perturbation theory. The frequency values are caught by the Random Decrement Technique applied to the time history vibrations for one sensor at the free extremity of the beam. Detection and localization are successful, even for small and transientchanges of the structure properties
Aerosol deposition and origin in French mountains estimated with soil inventories of 210Pb and artificial radionuclides
Radionuclide inventories were measured in soils from different French mountainous areas: Chaîne des Puys (Massif Central), Eastern Corsica, Jura, Montagne Noire, Savoie, Vosges and Rhine Valley. 210Pb soil inventories were used to estimate long-term (>75 yr) deposition of submicron aerosols. Whereas 210Pb total deposition is explained partly by wet deposition, as demonstrated by increase of 210Pb inventory with annual rainfall; a part of 210Pb in the soils of higher altitude is caused by orographic depositions. Using measurements of radionuclides coming from nuclear aerial weapon tests (137Cs and Pu isotopes), we were able to estimate the origin of aerosols deposited in high-altitude sites and to confirm the importance of occult deposition and feeder–seeder mechanism. Using a simple mass balance model, we estimate that occult deposition and feeder–seeder mechanisms account to more than 50% of total deposition of 210Pb and associated submicron aerosols in French altitude sites
Stability of Monitoring Weak Changes in Multiply Scattering Media with Ambient Noise Correlation: Laboratory Experiments
Previous studies have shown that small changes can be monitored in a
scattering medium by observing phase shifts in the coda. Passive monitoring of
weak changes through ambient noise correlation has already been applied to
seismology, acoustics and engineering. Usually, this is done under the
assumption that a properly reconstructed Green function as well as stable
background noise sources are necessary. In order to further develop this
monitoring technique, a laboratory experiment was performed in the 2.5MHz range
in a gel with scattering inclusions, comparing an active (pulse-echo) form of
monitoring to a passive (correlation) one. Present results show that
temperature changes in the medium can be observed even if the Green function
(GF) of the medium is not reconstructed. Moreover, this article establishes
that the GF reconstruction in the correlations is not a necessary condition:
the only condition to monitoring with correlation (passive experiment) is the
relative stability of the background noise structure
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