Learning Benefits of a Translation Corpus for Novice ASL-English Interpreters

A preliminary review of the literature reveals that Corpus-Based Translation Studies (CTS) is an established area of research/methodology (Kruger, et al, 2011). Corpus-Based Interpreting Studies (CIS) is still emerging (Setton, 2011). Studies within CTS point to positive benefits of using translation corpora in translator education (Beeby, 2009, among others). In CIS, there are few studies that examine the use of corpora in spoken language interpreter education (Tohyama, et al., 2006). The use of corpora in signed language interpreter education appears to be unexplored

Study of aerodynamic technology for single-cruise engine V/STOL fighter/attack aircraft

A conceptual design analysis is performed on a single engine V/STOL supersonic fighter/attack concept powered by a series flow tandem fan propulsion system. Forward and aft mounted fans have independent flow paths for V/STOL operation and series flow in high speed flight. Mission, combat and V/STOL performance is calculated. Detailed aerodynamic estimates are made and aerodynamic uncertainties associated with the configuration and estimation methods identified. A wind tunnel research program is developed to resolve principal uncertainties and establish a data base for the baseline configuration and parametric variations

Heritage under Threat: Documentation Methods for Preserving at-risk Cultural Identity and Prosecuting Cultural Heritage War Crimes during the Russo-Ukrainian War

The war in Ukraine highlights a key issue we as an international community have not resolved: the need to document cultural heritage proactively during times of conflict. In most recent conflicts we see issues of destruction of cultural sites with little to no clear pathway for prosecution and by default, little in the way of effective reparations. Little still is offered for preemptive measures to protect our cultural heritage in times of conflict. By relying on a blended effort of open-source intelligence, crowdsourced documentation, and the leaning in of specialized practices offering guidance and help in setting documentation and proper prosecution of these crimes allow us to make effective chance at proper reparations after a conflict is over, but also how best we can improve tracking items lost, stolen and damaged using technology. This paper examines the efficacy of these methods as it relates to Ukrainian museums, determines needs for improvement in the face of this conflict, and provides insight to how the western world can better support Ukraine protecting its cultural identity as the war rages on

Bistable Behavior of the Dark Current in Copper-Doped Semi-Insulating Gallium Arsenide

The dark current characteristics of gallium arsenide doped with silicon and compensated with diffused copper were found to have a pronounced region of current controlled negative differential conductivity (ndc) similar to the characteristics of a thyristor. The resistivity of the semi‐insulating semiconductor was measured to be 105 Ω cm for applied voltages up to 2.2 kV, which corresponds to an average electric field of 38 kV/cm. At higher voltages, a transition to a stable high current state was observed with a current rate of rise exceeding 1011 A/s. There is evidence of the formation of at least one current filament during this transition. A theoretical model based on drift diffusion and boundary conditions that allows double carrier injection at the contacts has been used to show that the observed negative differential resistance is due to the filling of deep copper acceptors. The model also shows that the ndc curves may be tailored by adjusting the copper concentration. Doping of GaAs with various concentrations of copper was shown to change the dark current characteristics in a way predicted by the model

Normative Grip Strength Values in Males and Females, ages 50 to 89 years old

Purpose. To develop normative reference values for grip strength of males and females between the ages of 50 and 89 years old that can be used by health care professionals in clinical settings. Methods. This study assessed data from a sample of males and females between the ages of 50 and 89 years old who participated in the Health and Retirement Study (HRS) sponsored by the National Institute on Aging. The Health and Retirement Study collected data from 6,266 participants in a physical measures sub-study. Grip strength was assessed in a standing position with the shoulder adducted and elbow flexed to 90 degrees. One practice trial was allowed and then the participant performed 2 maximal effort trials using each hand. Right and left hand mean scores were calculated. The HRS data were reported in kilograms. Results. Subjects were stratified by sex and age. Each stratum was defined using 5-year intervals, male or female, and by right or left hand. Mean grip strength, standard deviation, sample size, and percentile ranks from 5 to 95 at intervals of 5 are reported for each stratum in both kilograms and pounds. Conclusion. The normative values provided in this report should advance the clinical utility of grip strength as a physical measure. Percentile ranks are easy to determine and interpret for both the patient and clinician. Clinicians will benefit from the results of this study by better assessing the physical status of their patients, developing better goals for their patients, and providing better education to their patients on this aspect of physical health

Disney\u27s Internship Program: More than Hands-On Experience

The vast majority of hospitality management programs require students to participate in a hands-on work experience, which helps bridge the gap between theory and practice, providing the student with an opportunity to practice the theory learned in the classroom. The Walt Disney World Co. developed, implemented, and operates one of the most successful internship programs in the hospitality industry. It recognizes the need for business practitioners to become more involved in the education of future hospitality managers. The authors summarize the company\u27s program and offer suggestions for other employers looking to give interns more than hands-on experience

In vitro and in vivo studies of the trypanocidal properties of WRR-483 against Trypanosoma cruzi.

BackgroundCruzain, the major cysteine protease of Trypanosoma cruzi, is an essential enzyme for the parasite life cycle and has been validated as a viable target to treat Chagas' disease. As a proof-of-concept, K11777, a potent inhibitor of cruzain, was found to effectively eliminate T. cruzi infection and is currently a clinical candidate for treatment of Chagas' disease.Methodology/principal findingsWRR-483, an analog of K11777, was synthesized and evaluated as an inhibitor of cruzain and against T. cruzi proliferation in cell culture. This compound demonstrates good potency against cruzain with sensitivity to pH conditions and high efficacy in the cell culture assay. Furthermore, WRR-483 also eradicates parasite infection in a mouse model of acute Chagas' disease. To determine the atomic-level details of the inhibitor interacting with cruzain, a 1.5 A crystal structure of the protease in complex with WRR-483 was solved. The structure illustrates that WRR-483 binds covalently to the active site cysteine of the protease in a similar manner as other vinyl sulfone-based inhibitors. Details of the critical interactions within the specificity binding pocket are also reported.ConclusionsWe demonstrate that WRR-483 is an effective cysteine protease inhibitor with trypanocidal activity in cell culture and animal model with comparable efficacy to K11777. Crystallographic evidence confirms that the mode of action is by targeting the active site of cruzain. Taken together, these results suggest that WRR-483 has potential to be developed as a treatment for Chagas' disease

Estimated optical constants of gypsum in the regions of weak absorptions: Application of scattering theories and comparisons to independent measurements

Diffuse reflectance spectra of multiple grain size fractions are used to estimate the optical constants of gypsum over the 0.4–15 μm wavelength region. Two independent scattering theories are used to iteratively determine the imaginary index of refraction from the measured reflectance. We compare the results of these two with each other and with imaginary indices of gypsum reported in the literature. We find that the scattering theory results are more sensitive in the infrared to weak spectral features that are clearly distinguished in the diffuse reflectance spectra. However, we find the scattering results provide a poor determination of the optical constants in the regions of relatively strong absorptions. At visible and near-infrared wavelengths we provide a comparison to the results obtained from analysis of the diffuse reflectance to results obtained from direct transmission measurements of several gypsum crystals having different sample thicknesses. We find the simplest models of the transmission reproduce the observed spectra. The different sample thicknesses for the transmission measurements and different grain sizes in the scattering theories allow evaluation of the imaginary index of refraction over a wide range of values. We find the imaginary index of refraction determined from scattering theories is in remarkable agreement with those obtained from transmission spectra. Different models of the reflectance and transmittance have associated strengths and weaknesses, and we conclude that combining these models provides a more accurate determination of the optical constants of a material when compared to using each separately. We combine the resulting real and imaginary indices of refraction with those reported at infrared wavelengths to provide values covering visual, near-infrared, and infrared wavelengths (0.4–333 μm, 25000–30 cm^(−1))

Maximizing DDGS for Finishing Pigs in Bedded Hoop Barns: Trial One

Iowa’s ethanol industry continues to expand rapidly. A major coproduct of ethanol production is dried distillers grains with solubles (DDGS). Higher prices for corn and increasing supplies of DDGS have generated questions about feeding DDGS to market swine. The objective of this study was to evaluate various programs to maximize DDGS feeding to finishing pigs in bedded hoop barns. The work reported is the first of several trials planned