Attitudes about Stay-At-Home Fathers

Research has shown that stay-at-home fathers are evaluated more negatively than stay-at-home mothers (Rosenwasser, Gonzalez, and Adams 1985; Kroska 2001) and working parents (Brescoll and Uhlmann 2005). Stay-at-home fathers who are also breadwinners have been evaluated more positively than stay-at-home fathers who do not contribute financially to their families (Rosenwasser, Gonzalez, and Adams 1985). Participants in the present study were 236 students enrolled in undergraduate classes on the UNH Durham campus. Each participant read a description of one of six hypothetical parents and answered questions about his or her attitudes toward the hypothetical parent as well as his or her perceptions of others’ attitudes toward the parent. Results indicated that UNH Durham students do not hold especially negative attitudes toward stay-at-home fathers, although they believe that others see stay-at-home fathers as less successful and less respected by their coworkers than employed parents and stay-at-home mothers

Methodology of mechanical characterization of coated spherical materials

The aim of this work was to develop a methodology for the mechanical characterization of catalyst beads with a core-shell structure and more especially for coated spherical granules. Supports composed of an alpha alumina core coated by gamma alumina shell were shaped by pan coating to this purpose. The proposed methodology started with the characterization of the microstructure of the coating and the highlight of potential macro defects within. Thereafter three tests simulating mechanical stress, such as impact, compression (bulk crushing test), and shear (drum attrition test) are used. The operational parameters of these tests were also optimised in order to stress preferentially the shell of the coated materials. Among the evaluated tests, drum attrition seems to be most efficient for characterizing coated spherical granules

La transformation des stéréotypes féminins dans le cinéma contemporain

Mémoire numérisé par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal.Un document accompagne le mémoire et est disponible pour consultation au Centre de conservation des bibliothèques de l'Université de Montréal (http://www.bib.umontreal.ca/conservation/).La création cinématographique de l’étudiante qui accompagne ce mémoire sous la forme d’un DVD est disponible à la Médiathèque de la Bibliothèque des lettres et sciences humaines sous le titre : Féminin pluriel.(https://umontreal.on.worldcat.org/oclc/944728149

Aspects chimiques et physiologiques du transfert trophique du méthylmercure et du tributylétain chez deux prédateurs benthiques

Cet article discute des aspects chimiques et physiologiques du devenir des composés organométalliques chez les organismes aquatiques et est basé sur les résultats de travaux ayant porté sur la pharmacocinétique et l'organotropisme du tributylétain (TBT) et du méthylmercure (MeHg) ingérés avec la nourriture chez deux prédateurs benthiques : la plie canadienne (Hippoglossoides platessoides) et le crabe des neiges (Chionoecetes opilio). Les principales observations ont été les suivantes; - 1o l'efficacité d'assimilation (EA) du MeHg est élevée (ca. 90 %) et il est lentement (t0.95 " 40 d) et uniformément distribué dans l'organisme de la plie et du crabe,- 2o la demie-vie biologique du MeHg est beaucoup plus longue que celle du TBT (t0.5 " 600 d et 50 d, respectivement), et ce pour les deux espèces,- 3o la plie canadienne assimile moins efficacement le TBT que le crabe des neiges (EA=47 % et 92 %, respectivement),- 4o le TBT est rapidement (t0.95=7 d) et uniformément distribué dans l'organisme de la plie canadienne, alors que chez le crabe des neiges une faible fraction de la dose de TBT administrée avec la nourriture est retrouvée dans les tissus autres que l'hépatopancréas.Certaines de ces observations peuvent être conciliées en tenant compte des propriétés physiques et chimiques du TBT et du MeHg, tels que l'encombrement stérique, la stabilité en milieu biologique, et l'affinité pour certains ligands biologiques. Cependant, des facteurs physiologiques doivent être invoqués pour concilier d'autres observations, comme l'étendue et la vitesse de la distribution du TBT chez la plie canadienne comparativement au crabe des neiges. Par exemple, bien que le TBT soit métabolisé au niveau hépatique chez les deux espèces, la structure du système dans lequel le TBT est distribué diffère fondamentalement. Ainsi, chez la plie canadienne, une importante proportion du TBT absorbé est distribuée à l'ensemble de l'organisme sans être capté par le foie, site de métabolisation, alors que chez le crabe la totalité du TBT absorbé doit d'abord traverser le site de métabolisation, l'hépatopancréas, avant d'être distribué au reste de l'organisme. Dans ce dernier cas, ceci peut avoir pour résultat de limiter le transfert du TBT vers les tissus autres que l'hépatopancréas. Ces résultats montrent que les facteurs ayant une influence dominante sur le transfert trophique et le devenir des organométaux chez les prédateurs benthiques peuvent différer selon le composé considéré; du fait de sa stabilité, le devenir du MeHg semble être presqu'exclusivement contrôlé par ses propriétés chimiques, alors que dans le cas du TBT ce sont les 'propriétés physiologiques' des organismes considérés qui ont une plus grande influence sur son devenir.It is well known that the physical and chemical characteristics of an organometal determine its fate within a given aquatic organism. The extent of uptake and the body distribution of a given organometal can vary greatly from one animal species to another. However, the effects of both chemical and physiological factors have rarely been considered simultaneously. This paper presents the results of a study on the pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution of dietary [113Sn]tributyltin (TBT), and [203Hg]methylmercury (MeHg) in a coastal benthic fish, the American plaice (Hippoglossoides platessoides), and a coastal benthic crustacean, the snow crab (Chionoecetes opilio). The main observations were: - the assimilation efficiencies (AE) of MeHg for the plaice and the snowcrab were high (88% ± 8 and 94% ± 4, respectively), and it was slowly and uniformly distributed within the body of both American plaice and snow crab (t0.95=35 ± 4 d and 42 ± 38 d, respectively);- the biological half-life of MeHg was longer than that of TBT (t0.5 " 600 d and 50 d, respectively) for both species;- the assimilation efficiency of TBT was lower for the plaice than for the crab (47% ± 7 and 92% ± 12, respectively);- TBT was rapidly (t0.95=7 ± 2 d) and uniformly distributed in the American plaice, whereas only a minor fraction of the dose administered to snow crab reached tissues other than the hepatopancreas.These observations can be explained if physical and chemical properties of TBT and MeHg are taken into account, as well as the physiological properties of the two organisms. Chemical factors can explain some of the differences observed. For example, the lower AE values of TBT compared to MeHg in the American plaice may be due to steric factors. The much longer half-life of MeHg is due to its higher stability in biological media compared to TBT. The high affinity of MeHg for sulfhydryl groups, that are ubiquitous in living tissues, is most likely responsible for its uniform distribution in the body of both American plaice and snow crab. However, physiological factors must be considered to explain the more uniform and faster rate of distribution of TBT in the American plaice, when compared to the snow crab. Though hepatic metabolism of TBT occurs in both species, the physiological systems of the plaice and the snowcrab are fundamentally different. Fish are characterised by a mammillary structure (peripheral compartments connected in parallel to a central one), whereas crustaceans are characterised by a caternary structure (compartments connected in series only to their nearest neighbours) (see below). In the American plaice, binding of TBT to plasmatic proteins likely prevents its efficient removal from blood by the liver, resulting in a large proportion of the TBT dose being distributed throughout the body.In the snow crab, TBT must first go through the site of metabolism before diffusing into the hemolymph for subsequent distribution to other tissues. This may limit the transfer of TBT or its metabolites to tissues other than the hepatopancreas. These results suggest that there are different factors influencing the fate of organometals ingested by benthic predators. Because of its stability, it appears that the fate of MeHg is almost exclusively controlled by its chemical properties (i.e., its exceptional affinity for SH groups). In contrast, the physiological properties of the organisms appear to be a more important determinant of the fate of TBT. These observations illustrate the need to consider the trophic transfer of organometals from a multidisciplinary point of view

China\u27s Military Space Strategy: A Dialectical Materialism Perspective

China’s military space strategy accommodates in significant ways the Chinese Communist Party’s (CCP’s) ideological commitment to dialectical materialism. This Marxian commitment persists and manifests in China’s investment in space power despite the Party’s widely acknowledged development of state capitalism to guide China’s economy

Genome Organization, Replication And Movement Of Foxtail Mosaic Virus

Foxtail mosaic virus (FMV) is a member of the potexvirus family which infects primarily monocotyledonous plants. Its flexuous filamentous particles are 500 nm long and consist of a messenger sense RNA encapsidated by a single type of coat protein. We have determined the nucleotide sequence of the FMV gRNA as well as the organization of its coding sequences. The gRNA is 6151 nucleotides long and contains five major open reading frames (ORF). The amino acid sequences of the putative proteins are closely related to homologous proteins of other sequenced potexviruses.;A procedure for the partial purification of the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) complex of FMV from infected leaves of Chenopodium quinoa was established. The products synthesized in vitro by the enzyme were double-stranded RNA molecules. The RdRp preparations obtained could copy RNA templates endogenous to the preparation but were unable to copy added RNA templates. Moreover, potexviral gRNAs specifically inhibited the RNA synthesis activity on endogenous templates. The regions of the genome responsible for the inhibition were identified. Both {dollar}5\sp\prime{dollar} and {dollar}3\sp\prime{dollar} terminal regions of the viral genome were necessary to interfere with RNA synthesis suggesting that this inhibition resulted from a competition for the binding of component(s) of the RdRp complex.;The proteins encoded by ORFs 2, 3, and 4 as well as the coat protein (encoded by ORF5) are believed to play some role in the cell-to-cell movement of potexviruses. We have used a bacterial expression system to produce and purify p26, the protein encoded by ORF2 of FMV, and have determined some in vitro properties of p26. It is an ATP, CTP and RNA binding protein with apparent ATPase activity. An analysis of infected C. quinoa leaves by immunogold electron microscopy using an anti-serum produced against p26 revealed that it is exclusively associated with cytoplasmic inclusions adjacent to aggregates of virus particles. These results suggest that p26 could be involved in the processing of viral RNA or particles prior to their transport rather than being directly involved in their translocation through plasmodesmata.;The distribution of the coat protein in infected C. quinoa was also investigated by immunocytochemistry. Most of the coat protein was localized in the cytoplasm, polymerized into viral particles, but significant amounts were also associated with plasmodesmata. This suggests that the coat protein plays a role in the cell-to-cell movement of potexviruses