Delivery status of the ELI-NP gamma beam system

International audienceThe ELI-NP GBS is a high intensity and monochromatic gamma source under construction in Magurele (Romania). The design and construction of the Gamma Beam System complex as well as the integration of the technical plants and the commissioning of the overall facility, was awarded to the Eurogammas Consortium in March 2014. The delivery of the facility has been planned in for 4 stages and the first one was fulfilled in October 31st 2015. The engineering aspects related to the delivery stage 1 are presented

The P3^3 Experiment: A Positron Source Demonstrator for Future Lepton Colliders

The PSI Positron Production (P$^3$ or P-cubed) experiment is a demonstrator for a e+ source and capture system with potential to improve the state-of-the-art e+ yield by an order of magnitude. The experiment is driven by the FCC-ee injector study and will be hosted in the SwissFEL facility at the Paul Scherrer Institute in Switzerland. This paper is an overview of the P$^3$ design at an advanced stage, with a particular emphasis on a novel e+ capture system and its associated beam dynamics. Additionally, a concept for the experiment diagnostics is presented, as well as the key points of the ongoing installation works

Worsening of Cardiomyopathy Using Deflazacort in an Animal Model Rescued by Gene Therapy

We have previously demonstrated that gene therapy can rescue the phenotype and extend lifespan in the delta-sarcoglycan deficient cardiomyopathic hamster. In patients with similar genetic defects, steroids have been largely used to slow down disease progression. Aim of our study was to evaluate the combined effects of steroid treatment and gene therapy on cardiac function. We injected the human delta-sarcoglycan cDNA by adeno-associated virus (AAV) 2/8 by a single intraperitoneal injection into BIO14.6 Syrian hamsters at ten days of age to rescue the phenotype. We then treated the hamsters with deflazacort. Treatment was administered to half of the hamsters that had received the AAV and the other hamsters without AAV, as well as to normal hamsters. Both horizontal and vertical activities were greatly enhanced by deflazacort in all groups. As in previous experiments, the AAV treatment alone was able to preserve the ejection fraction (70±7% EF). However, the EF value declined (52±14%) with a combination of AAV and deflazacort. This was similar with all the other groups of affected animals. We confirm that gene therapy improves cardiac function in the BIO14.6 hamsters. Our results suggest that deflazacort is ineffective and may also have a negative impact on the cardiomyopathy rescue, possibly by boosting motor activity. This is unexpected and may have significance in terms of the lifestyle recommendations for patients

Design and optimization of components and processes for plasma sources in advanced material treatments

The research activities described in the present thesis have been oriented to the design and development of components and technological processes aimed at optimizing the performance of plasma sources in advanced in material treatments. Consumables components for high definition plasma arc cutting (PAC) torches were studied and developed. Experimental activities have in particular focussed on the modifications of the emissive insert with respect to the standard electrode configuration, which comprises a press fit hafnium insert in a copper body holder, to improve its durability. Based on a deep analysis of both the scientific and patent literature, different solutions were proposed and tested. First, the behaviour of Hf cathodes when operating at high current levels (250A) in oxidizing atmosphere has been experimentally investigated optimizing, with respect to expected service life, the initial shape of the electrode emissive surface. Moreover, the microstructural modifications of the Hf insert in PAC electrodes were experimentally investigated during first cycles, in order to understand those phenomena occurring on and under the Hf emissive surface and involved in the electrode erosion process. Thereafter, the research activity focussed on producing, characterizing and testing prototypes of composite inserts, combining powders of a high thermal conductibility (Cu, Ag) and high thermionic emissivity (Hf, Zr) materials The complexity of the thermal plasma torch environment required and integrated approach also involving physical modelling. Accordingly, a detailed line-by-line method was developed to compute the net emission coefficient of Ar plasmas at temperatures ranging from 3000 K to 25000 K and pressure ranging from 50 kPa to 200 kPa, for optically thin and partially autoabsorbed plasmas. Finally, prototypal electrodes were studied and realized for a newly developed plasma source, based on the plasma needle concept and devoted to the generation of atmospheric pressure non-thermal plasmas for biomedical applications.L’attività di ricerca svoltasi durante il Dottorato è stata orientata alla progettazione e allo sviluppo di componenti e processi tecnologici innovativi atti ad ottimizzare le prestazioni di sorgenti plasma nel trattamento avanzato di materiali. Sono stati in particolare studiati e sviluppati consumabili di torce al plasma termico per il taglio di materiali metallici (PAC, plasma arc cutting), nell’ambito della cosiddetta alta definizione. L’attività di tipo sperimentale in ambito PAC si è concentrata sulla valutazione e realizzazione di modifiche dell’inserto emettitore, rispetto alla configurazione attuale di elettrodi standard, che prevede un inserto piatto in afnio (Hf) inserito per interferenza in un corpo elettrodo in rame (Cu). Le soluzioni proposte per l’attività di ricerca sono state basate su un’approfondita analisi bibliografica e brevettuale. Il comportamento di inserti in Hf operanti ad alte correnti (250A) in torce PAC è stato sperimentalmente analizzato, ottimizzando la forma iniziale della superficie emittente per incrementarne la vita utile. Sono inoltre state studiate le modificazioni microstrutturali dell’inserto emettitore al fine di comprendere i fenomeni coinvolti nel processo di erosione. Infine, l’attività di ricerca su elettrodi PAC si è concentrata sulla produzione, caratterizzazione e test di inserti compositi prototipali, realizzati unendo polveri ad alta conduttività termica (Cu, Ag) e polvere ad alta emissività termoionica (Hf, Zr). La complessità del sistema torcia ha inoltre richiesto un approccio integrato, che affiancasse attività di simulazione modellistico-computazionale con le valutazioni sperimentali, di natura chimico-fisica e microstrutturale. È stato in questo senso implementato un modello per il calcolo del coefficiente di emissione netto (NEC) del plasma di Argon in funzione di temperatura (1000-25000 K) e pressione (50-200 kPa), per plasmi otticamente sottili o parzialmente auto-assorbiti. Sono infine stati inoltre studiati e realizzati elettrodi prototipali per sorgenti di plasma non termico, finalizzate in particolare ad applicazioni biomedicali, nella configurazione detta plasma needle

Friction welding of particle reinforced aluminium based composites

The widespread use of metal matrix composites (MMC) is often limited due to the difficulties related to their joining by means of traditional fusion welding processes. The aim of this work was to evaluate the effect on microstructure and mechanical properties (hardness and tensile strength) of two different friction welding techniques used for joining two Al-based metal matrix composites. In particular, Friction Stir Welding was applied to a 6061 (Al-Mg-Si) alloy matrix, reinforced with 20vol.% of Al2O3 particles (W6A20A), while Linear Friction Welding was applied to a 2124 (Al-Cu-Mg) alloy matrix reinforced with 25vol.% of SiC particles (AMC225xe). Both the welding processes permitted to obtain substantially defect-free joints, whose microstructures was found to be dependent on both the initial microstructure of the composites and the welding processes. Hardness decrease was in the order of 40% for the FSW joint and of 10% for the LFW joint, mainly due to overaging of the matrix induced by the frictional heating, while the joint efficiency in respect to the ultimate tensile strength was 72% and 82%, respectively. Elongation to failure increased in the FSW joint due to coarsening of precipitates, whereas it decreased in the LFW joints due to the fibrosity in the thermomechanically altered zone. Fracture surface analysis showed good matrix/reinforcement interface for both composites

Atmospheric pressure non-equilibrium plasma cleaning of 19th century daguerreotypes

In the work, the feasibility of using atmospheric pressure non-equilibrium plasmas to clean the surface of a deteriorated 19th century daguerreotype has been examined and a proof-of-principle demonstration is given. The daguerreotype was treated by means of both a commercial plasma jet source (kINPen 09, Neoplas Tools GmbH) and a specially designed Dielectric Barrier Discharge (DBD) plasma source operated within a controlled volume at atmospheric pressure, by using a argon-hydrogen gas mixture (H2 content: 35% vol.) to remove corrosion products, without immersion of the substrate in solvents or chemicals. The effectiveness of plasma treatment in removing tarnishing products while preventing damage to the fragile image has been evaluated analysing the surface by means of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with energy dispersive microprobe (EDS) for localized elemental analysis, micro-Raman and ATR-FTIR spectroscopy for phase identification

Residual strains in AA2024/AlSiCp composite linear friction welds

The present paper is devoted to the study of residual strains in AA2024/AlSiCp linear friction welds, using a novel approach based on eigenstrain. Synchrotron X-ray and neutron diffraction were used to measure the interplanar lattice spacing in the welds and deduce the residual elastic strains as a function of the distance from the bond line. The limited experimental datasets were combined with eigenstrain-based FE modelling in order to reconstruct the complete strain states in the entire components. The reconstructed strain distributions were validated with further experiments, indicating good agreement for both cases. It was found that the approach based on eigenstrain is a powerful basis for reconstructing full-field residual strain/stress distributions in engineering structures