Динамика концептуализации и категоризации пространства в русском языке (по данным словарей и НКРЯ)

This article presents examples taken from the National corpus of Russian language dictionar­ies which illustrate the objectification of space in the linguistic picture of the world. The examined data, taken from linguistic dictionaries and en­cyclopaedic sources, allow the dynamics of the process of conceptualization and peculiarities of the categorization of space in the Russian-language mentality to be identified, and verify the formed hypotheses. The formats of the conceptualization of space (starting from an image and mental picture to the notion of frame) and the language dynamics of the objectification of these formats are discussed. Examples from dictionaries of the National Russian Corpora illustrate the objectification of the language world map most vividly. The analysed data from the linguistic dictionaries and encyclopaedic sources prove the working hypothesis by defining the set of attributes which define the concept SPACE, the dynamics of the conceptualization process, and peculiarities of the categorizatition of space in the Russian language mind. The conclusion is drawn that the concept SPACE is an integrated, multiple-aspect, conceptional compound which is connected with the categorization of reality. The basis of the categorization of space is the prototypi­cal approach. In the Russian language world map, the prototype of SPACE is FIELD. Numerous new attributes of the word space show the broadening of the human idea about this universal phenomenon, which is already considered to be not only a form of substance existence, but also one of many forms of spiritual activities. The method of identifying the conceptional attributes is conceptually defini­tional analysis. Multidirectional tendencies to both widening and narrowing areas of space conceptu­alization were found, together with the tendency to integrate different formation-spaces.В публикации рассматриваются форматы концептуализации пространства (от представления, ментальной картинки к понятию и фрейму) и языковая динамика объективации этих форматов. В статье приведены примеры, собранные по данным словарей, Национального корпуса русского языка (НКРЯ), наиболее ярко иллюстрирующие объективацию пространства в языковой картине мира. Проанализированные данные лингвистических словарей и энциклопедических источников позволили определить совокупность признаков, определяющих концепт ПРОСТРАНСТВО, динамику процесса концептуализации и особенности категоризации пространства в русском языковом сознании, а также осуществить проверку выдвинутых гипотез. Изложенное позволило прийти к выводу, что концепт ПРОСТРАНСТВО представляет собой интегративное, многоаспектное, концептуально сложное знание, связанное с категоризацией действительности. В основе категоризации пространства лежит прототипический подход, прототипом пространства в русской языковой картине мира является поле. Многочисленные новые определения при слове пространство показывают, как расширилось представление человечества об этом универсальном феномене, основной форме существования уже не только материи, но многих форм духовной деятельности. Метод определения концептуальных характеристик – концептуально-дефиниционный анализ. Отмечаются разнонаправленные тенденции как к расширению, так и к сужению областей концептуализации пространства, а также тенденция к интеграции разных образований-пространств

EU - Russia energy cooperation: major development trends and the present state

The article analyzes the development of EU — Russia energy relations through the lens of the evolution of three parameters: the political agenda (the Energy Dialogue), the institutional structure, and the legal modalities. The identification of these three aspects for assessing the evolution of EU — Russia energy relations is the novelty in the author’s approach. This study aims to identify the previous stages and assess the current state of EU — Russia energy dialogue, since they set out conditions for energy cooperation in the Baltic Sea region. This research is based on a political and legal analysis of various documents and employs various international relations theories (including integration theories). The article demonstrates that the EU nd Russia have made a transition to the integration agenda manifested in the Energy Dialogue (its current goal is the creation of a common European energy market). The author describes the process of gradual consolidation of transgovernmental and transnational institutions, which leads to depoliticization of cooperation and mutual socialization of the partners. Finally, legal discussions on the development of common rules have become more constructive. In sum, the current situation in EU — Russia energy relations is favourable and positively affects cooperation in the Baltic Sea region

The Study of Realities and Prospects of Interaction of Ukraine with European Financial Organizations in the Conditions of Integration Processes

In the article were analyzed the prospects of cooperation between Ukraine and EU structural funds. There was studied the current state of interaction between Ukraine and EIB and EBRD, offered the directions of its optimization. It was proved, that the base of increase of effectiveness of the use of investment resources of European financial organizations by Ukraine and approach of prospects of widening of the credit projects spectrum is not only the clear regulation of the national strategy of economic development but also the improvement of the system of monitoring of the use of investment resources

Tracing the Roots of Cognitive Linguistics in Hermann Paul’s “Principles of the History of Language”

The paper examines the impact of Hermann Paul’s ideas on the development of anthropocentric cognitive linguistics in Russia and Europe. The anthropocentric and pragmatic approaches to the study of language, related, in particular, to the consideration of language as “the language of the individual” and a product of personal experience, were formulated by the German linguist Hermann Paul (1846-1921) in his Principles of the History of Language (1920). In this important work, Paul argues that language development is driven by subjective, psychological factors, acknowledging the Man’s central role in the learning process (anthropocentrism). Viewing Paul’s position from the vantage point of modern linguistics, the article seeks to establish the rightness of the cognitive school in linguistics, provides a brief overview of Paul’s key ideas and concludes that he anticipated and formulated the main principles of the cognitive approach to language, namely: language as a product of individual experience, the role of individual notions in forming a word’s meaning, analogy as a mechanism of language acquisition, metaphor as a mechanism of learning and the connection of language with other mental processes

Russia-EU energy efficiency cooperation in the Baltic region: the untapped potential

A stereotypical understanding of EU-Russia energy relations is often reduced to trade in oil and natural gas, which downplays the importance of energy efficiency cooperation. Such cooperation is promoted within the Energy Charter and its Treaty, Partnership and Cooperation Agreement, Energy Dialogue, Common Economic Space, Partnership for Modernisation. However, it lacks practical development, which relates to the instability of the legal environment in Russia, insufficient mechanisms of financial support for energy conservation projects and poor political support. Nevertheless, energy efficiency cooperation is capable of changing Russia-EU energy cooperation qualitatively: it offers a cheaper way to meet the needs of the EU, redefines interdependence between the parties, and introduces new elements of equality between them. Energy efficiency cooperation also transforms the patterns of the EU-Russia legal harmonization, creates new conditions for the convergence of regulations and the development of the middle class in Russia. Due to its specific features, cooperation in the Baltic Sea region becomes a locomotive of the Russia-EU energy efficiency cooperation, and, as a result, is capable of changing the quality of relations between the partners

THE STUDY OF REALITIES AND PROSPECTS OF INTERACTION OF UKRAINE WITH EUROPEAN FINANCIAL ORGANIZATIONS IN THE CONDITIONS OF INTEGRATION PROCESSES

In the article were analyzed the prospects of cooperation between Ukraine and EU structural funds. There was studied the current state of interaction between Ukraine and EIB and EBRD, offered the directions of its optimization. It was proved, that the base of increase of effectiveness of the use of investment resources of European financial organizations by Ukraine and approach of prospects of widening of the credit projects spectrum is not only the clear regulation of the national strategy of economic development but also the improvement of the system of monitoring of the use of investment resources

Prospects for the internal state financial control development in the Russian Federation

Purpose: The presented article is aimed at assessing the modern development of internal state financial control in the Russian Federation. The most important condition for the effective functioning of public finances is the transition to a qualitatively new level required for the dynamic development of the public administration sector, improving the social status of citizens, as well as the investment climate. This predetermines the objective need to rethink and identify fundamentally new approaches to the study of theoretical, methodological and practical problems of financial management. Design/Methodology/Approach: The article is a comprehensive review of the main changes in legislation governing internal state financial control that determines the nature of this concept, the methodology of internal state financial control is presented, problems are identified, substantiated and structured and directions for their solution are proposed in order to increase its development effectiveness. The study used methods of comparative analysis, systematization, classification, analogy and comparison. Findings: The authors identified, substantiated the problems and developed recommendations for improving internal state financial control, which can improve the quality of public and municipal finance management and facilitate the transfer of public administration to a level that meets the needs of modern reform of the Russian economy. Practical Implications: The results of the study can be introduced into the practice of organizing internal state financial control in the Russian Federation in order to improve the quality of public and municipal finance management. Originality/Value: The main contribution of this study is to develop recommendations for the development of internal state financial control, which will contribute to the effective management of public finances in the executive bodies of the Russian Federation.peer-reviewe

Optimal Separation Sequence for Three-Component Systems

In this paper the problem of finding the optimal separation sequence for a three-component mixture in a two-stage separation system is considered. Two solutions are obtained. The first minimizes the energy used, subject to a given flow rate of the input mixture, by selecting optimal separation sequence and by distributing the contact surfaces between the first and second stages optimally. It is also shown that the input flow rate of a heat-driven two-stage separation system is bounded and that this bound (the maximal possible rate of heat-driven separation) depends on the separation sequence used. The closed-form expression for this dependence is obtained

Targeting the principle implementation in the system of social support

Purpose: The article aims to identify the actual problems of implementing the principle of targeting in the social protection system in Russia and to develop a set of measures to transform the mechanism of its provision based on a differentiated approach, which implies not only differences in the size of social transfers, but also on various forms of such support. Design/Methodology/Approach: As the basic approaches of the study there were chosen the theory of social investment and the conception of result-based budgeting. The study suggested the development of a more effective financial support system, the substantiation of a differentiated approach to the organization of a social system based on a single method by determining the degree of financial vulnerability of citizens and the development of methodological recommendations on the use of financial instruments to strengthen the targeting of social protection of needy citizens. Findings: The article substantiates that the necessary condition for the transformation of the social protection system to strengthen the social and financial security of needy citizens is the development of a differentiated approach in the provision of social support measures. Practical Implications: The results of the study can be implemented into the management of social protection in order to improve its efficiency and effectiveness by using the targeting of social transfers based on clear criteria of need, the differentiated approach implementation in determining the measures of social support through the use of "map of social support of citizens", expanding the application of social contract technology. Originality/Value: The set of measures proposed in the study will make it possible not only to adjust and direct social support to really needy recipients and to differentiate the volume of the support provided, but also to create conditions for the recipients of targeted protection to self-sufficiency, which, in turn, will contribute to the poverty reduction.peer-reviewe

Medical treatment for myasthenia gravis at a Myasthenia Center

The paper analyzes the results of treatment in 373 patients included in the Samara Region’s register of myasthenia gravis. The average disease duration was 9.7±7.6 years. Treatment encompassed symptom control with acetylcholinesterase inhibitors and immunosuppressive therapy. To achieve remission and good compensation, most cases needed the combined use of anticholinesterase inhibitors and immunosuppression with glucocorticoids and/or cytostatics. The efficiency of glucocorticoid and cytostatic therapies did not differ essentially. The adverse reactions of the treatment were evaluated. Therapy could achieve stabilization and improvement in 88.2% of cases