An anatomical study of pneumatized crista galli

The literature data on the incidence of pneumatization of the crista galli based on patients’ computed tomography (CT) scans ranges from 3 to 37.5%. This study investigated for the first time the incidence of crista galli pneumatization based on CTscans of human skulls. The study examined 102 randomly selected human skulls (≥20 years of age; 76 males, 26 females). Skulls were scanned in a fixed position using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) with a field of view of 145 × 130 mm and an isotropic voxel size of 0.25 mm. The scans were recorded in Digital Images and Communications in Medicine format. The CBCT images were analyzed using OnDemand3DTM software. A 2-mm contiguous slice thickness was used in the axial and coronal planes. The width, length, and height (cranial-caudal dimension) of the pneumatized space within the crista galli were measured. The crista galli was found to be pneumatized in even 68 (66.6%) of the 102 skulls. Two types of pneumatized crista galli (PCG) were identified: PCG alone (surrounded by bony walls) and PCG + spongiosis (surrounded by spongy bone). Of the 68 pneumatized skulls, 31 were PCG alone (45.58%) and 37 were PCG + spongiosis (54.42%). The pneumatized regions had a width of 0.9–6.6 mm, length of 2.8–12.9 mm, and height of 3.6–17.1 mm. No statistically significant differences have been found regarding the sex and age. Regarding the proportions of pneumatization, the three types of crista galli have been determined resulting in new, practical classification: type S (small), typeM (moderate), and type L (large). The crista galli is not always a compact bone; in some cases, it is filled with spongy bone or pneumatized. In respect of proportions of pneumatization, there are three types of pneumatized crista galli: small, moderate, and large. Pneumatized crista galli can play an important role in clinical work, both as an inflamed sinus or other pathologies (sinusitis cristae galli, mucocoelae) or as a morphologic barrier in neurosurgical approaches to some tumors of the anterior skull base

An anatomical study of pneumatized crista galli

The literature data on the incidence of pneumatization of the crista galli based on patients’ computed tomography (CT) scans ranges from 3 to 37.5%. This study investigated for the first time the incidence of crista galli pneumatization based on CTscans of human skulls. The study examined 102 randomly selected human skulls (≥20 years of age; 76 males, 26 females). Skulls were scanned in a fixed position using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) with a field of view of 145 × 130 mm and an isotropic voxel size of 0.25 mm. The scans were recorded in Digital Images and Communications in Medicine format. The CBCT images were analyzed using OnDemand3DTM software. A 2-mm contiguous slice thickness was used in the axial and coronal planes. The width, length, and height (cranial-caudal dimension) of the pneumatized space within the crista galli were measured. The crista galli was found to be pneumatized in even 68 (66.6%) of the 102 skulls. Two types of pneumatized crista galli (PCG) were identified: PCG alone (surrounded by bony walls) and PCG + spongiosis (surrounded by spongy bone). Of the 68 pneumatized skulls, 31 were PCG alone (45.58%) and 37 were PCG + spongiosis (54.42%). The pneumatized regions had a width of 0.9–6.6 mm, length of 2.8–12.9 mm, and height of 3.6–17.1 mm. No statistically significant differences have been found regarding the sex and age. Regarding the proportions of pneumatization, the three types of crista galli have been determined resulting in new, practical classification: type S (small), typeM (moderate), and type L (large). The crista galli is not always a compact bone; in some cases, it is filled with spongy bone or pneumatized. In respect of proportions of pneumatization, there are three types of pneumatized crista galli: small, moderate, and large. Pneumatized crista galli can play an important role in clinical work, both as an inflamed sinus or other pathologies (sinusitis cristae galli, mucocoelae) or as a morphologic barrier in neurosurgical approaches to some tumors of the anterior skull base

PROJECT BE COOL, DO NOT BE A BULLY

Većina ljudi se u djetinjstvu susrela sa međuvršnjačkim nasiljem bilo kao sudionik, bilo kao promatrač. U Hrvatskoj je 2012. godine bilo prijavljeno 1039 slučajeva međuvršnjačkog nasilja u osnovnim školama. Posljedice međuvršnjačkog nasilja su osim „akutnih“ često i „kronične“ te se mogu očitovati teškim depresivnim i anksioznim poremećajima što izrazito negativno utječe na daljnje funkcioniranje u životu. Udruga narodnog zdravlja Andrija Štampar je u sklopu svojih aktivnosti prepoznala ovaj problem te je na isti odlučila djelovati. Već 6 godina za redom provodi program „ Budi cool, ne budi bully“ u suradnji sa OŠ Kaje Adžića Pleterničanina u Pleternici. U posljednjih 6 godina obuhvaćeno je 48 razreda odnosno preko 750 djece. Cilj projekta je prevencija međuvršnjačkog nasilja djece osnovnoškolske dobi. Osnovnu metodu rada predstavlja interaktivna radionica pod nadzorom i moderiranjem dva educirana izvoditelja programa. Udruga najprije organizira edukaciju provoditelja radionice u suradnji sa Školom narodnog zdravlja Andrija Štampar te Medicinskim fakultetom Sveučilišta u Zagrebu pod strogim nadzorom i profesionalnim normama. Nakon edukacije provoditelja započinje se s održavanjem radionica u trajanju od 45 minuta s djecom/učenicima osnovnih škola u dobi od 10-14 godina (peti do osmi razred). Kroz interaktivnu izmjenu mišljenja, stavova i ponašanja, znanstveno provjerenim pedagoškim metodama moderator razvija i sudjeluje u izgradnji pozitivnih stavova. S obzirom da je najbolji način prevencije edukacija, UNZAŠ svojim djelovanjem pokušava djeci ukazati na probleme koje međuvršnjačko nasilje donosi te smanjiti učestalog istog u njihovom okruženju.Most of the people meet with peer violence in childhood, either as a participant or as an observer. In Croatia in 2012 were registered 1039 cases of peer violence in elementary schools. The consequences of peer violence, apart from "acute" and often "chronic" and can manifest major depression and anxiety disorders as extremely negative impact on the further functioning in life. The Association of Public Health Andrija Štampar as part of its activities has recognized this problem and has decided to act on it. For 6 consecutive years been implementing the program Be cool, do not be a bully in cooperation with the elementary school in Pleternica. In the past 6 years has been included 48 school units or more than 750 children. The project aims to prevent peer violence of children of primary school age. The basic method of work is interactive workshop under the supervision and moderation two trained contractor program. The association first organized training implementers workshop in collaboration with the School of Public Health Andrija Štampar School of Medicine and the University of Zagreb under the strict supervision and professional standards. After education implementers begins with maintenance workshops for 45 minutes with the kids / primary school pupils aged 10-14 years (fifth to eighth grade). Through an interactive exchange of opinions, attitudes and behavior, scientifically proven pedagogical methods moderator develops and participates in building positive attitudes. Given that the best way of prevention education, UNZAŠ its activities to children trying to point out the problems that brings peer violence and reduce the frequency of the same in their environment