Geochemistry of the stratiform iron Dunderlandsdalen deposits, Nordland

The Dunderlandsdalen iron district, Northern Norway, hosts a world-class stratiform Fe-mineralization (total tonnage of ~500 Mt at 33% Fe). The iron ore units belong to the Dunderland Formation in the Ramnålia Nappe, which further belongs to the Rødingsfjellet Nappe of the Caledonian Uppermost Allochthon. Hematite and magnetite represent the principal ore minerals and are hosted by amphibolite grade dolomitic and calcitic marble units intercalated with various types of calcareous schists. Although having been described as a world-class iron deposit, it has not been a subject of detailed geochemical studies. In order to determine the controlling mechanisms of hematite and magnetite formation, the present study mainly focuses on investigating the geochemical characteristics of the mineralization and host rocks within a structural framework. In addition, the fluid inclusion study gives insight into the post-ore P-T-X evolution of the studied area. Deformation processes, recrystallization of ore and gangue minerals as well as remobilization of metals during the Caledonian Orogeny affected the ore textures and mineral chemistry of the mineralization. Strain variations in ore bodies and host rocks, which are evident in both macro- and micro-scale, have given rise to different generations of Fe-oxides characterized by significantly different morphologies. The major element characteristics and REE patterns of mineralized samples indicate that the primary mineralizing events involved mixing of a low-temperature hydrothermal source of iron with a detrital component in a rift-related environment. �13C and �18O values of gangue carbonates support a deposition under the influence of hydrothermal fluids. Geochemical data, along with the age interval of host rock marble (800 to 730 Ma, Melezhik et al., 2015) have led the author to suggest that the Fe-mineralization of the Dunderland Formation accumulated in glacially and hydrothermally influenced passive margin rift-basins or back-arc basins. Fluid inclusion studies of recrystallized quartz witness a complex post-ore tectonic evolution during the Caledonian Orogeny

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Generalized Multi-Output Gaussian Process Censored Regression

When modelling censored observations, a typical approach in current regression methods is to use a censored-Gaussian (i.e. Tobit) model to describe the conditional output distribution. In this paper, as in the case of missing data, we argue that exploiting correlations between multiple outputs can enable models to better address the bias introduced by censored data. To do so, we introduce a heteroscedastic multi-output Gaussian process model which combines the non-parametric flexibility of GPs with the ability to leverage information from correlated outputs under input-dependent noise conditions. To address the resulting inference intractability, we further devise a variational bound to the marginal log-likelihood suitable for stochastic optimization. We empirically evaluate our model against other generative models for censored data on both synthetic and real world tasks and further show how it can be generalized to deal with arbitrary likelihood functions. Results show how the added flexibility allows our model to better estimate the underlying non-censored (i.e. true) process under potentially complex censoring dynamics.Comment: 7 pages, 3 figures, 3 table

De Dødes Liv / The Life of the Dead

[Danish] Bornholmeruret i stuens hjørne vækker minder om bedstemor, boulevarden gennem byen husker os på, hvem der er landets største digter, og på bestemte datoer går vi hen og kigger lidt usikkert på en mosbegroet sten med et navn, to datoer og måske et par kærlige ord. Så selvom de ikke er her mere, omgiver vi os alligevel på den ene eller anden måde med vores afdøde slægtninge, nære venner, glorificerede helte og fjerne forfædre. Endda også i det snusfornuftige Danmark, hvor vi siden reformationen i 1500-tallet ellers har gjort vort bedste for at afbryde kontakten med dem på den anden side. De dødes liv krydser dog langt uden for landets grænser i undersøgelsen af åndernes verden. En række forskere fra forskellige fagområder, men primært antropologi breder perspektivet ud og ser nærmere på, hvordan mennesker i blandt andet Sibirien, Mexico, Uganda, Australien og Papua Ny Guinea fortsat lever i nær kontakt med de afdøde. ─ Så husk som en lille trøst: Vi skal alle dø, men de døde lever videre. [English] The Bornholm clock in the corner of the lounge room evokes memories about grandmother, the Boulevard through the city center reminds us, who the country’s greatest writer is, and on certain dates we go and look a bit uncertain at a moss covered stone with a name, two dates and perhaps a few loving words inscribed on it. Thus, although they are no longer here, we surround us somehow with our dead relatives, close friends, glorified heroes and distant ancestors. Also in modern-smart Denmark, where since the Reformation of the 16th century we have done our best to disengage with those on the other side. The book ‘The life of the dead’ travels far outside of Denmark’s boundaries to investigate the world of the spirits. A number of researcher from different disciplines, but primarily anthropology, widen the perspective and describe how people in Siberia, Mexico, Uganda, Papua New Guinea and other places continue to live in close contact with the deceased. Thus remember as a little comfort: We all have to die, but the dead live on

Ny forskning: Dansk økologi er ukendt for tyske forbrugere

Tyskland er det vigtigste eksportmarked for dansk økologi, men nu viser en ny undersøgelse, at tyske forbrugere stort set ikke kender til dansk økologi. Det har konsekvenser for den danske eksportstrategi til det tyske marked, fortæller professor John Thøgersen fra Aarhus BSS ved Aarhus Universitet