Russian Commerce Raiders in the Red Sea and Indian Ocean, 1904

The naval museum in St. Petersburg once commemorated the Russo-Japanese War with photos of riddled warships and pieces of armor plate pierced by Japanese shells. That conflict yielded Russia no glorious trophies of war to adorn its display cases or walls. The literary record too is a dismal litany of tragedy and defeat, relieved only by occasional episodes of individual and collective heroism. The Russian tragedy was rooted in bureaucratic ineptitude and the failure of the tsarist leadership to coordinate the empire\u27s foreign, military, and naval policies and capabilities. Japan\u27s assault on the Russian fleet on the night of 26-27 January 1904--Admiral S.O. Makarov had warned in 1896 of a surprise attack-caught the Russian army and navy unprepared for war in the Far East

Coulomb stress interactions among M ≥ 5.9 earthquakes in the Gorda deformation zone and on the Mendocino Fault Zone, Cascadia subduction zone, and northern San Andreas Fault

[1] The Gorda deformation zone, a 50,000 km2 area of diffuse shear and rotation offshore northernmost California, has been the site of 20 M ≥ 5.9 earthquakes on four different fault orientations since 1976, including four M ≥ 7 shocks. This is the highest rate of large earthquakes in the contiguous United States. We calculate that the source faults of six recent M ≥ 5.9 earthquakes had experienced ≥0.6 bar Coulomb stress increases imparted by earthquakes that struck less than 9 months beforehand. Control tests indicate that ≥0.6 bar Coulomb stress interactions between M ≥ 5.9 earthquakes separated by <9 months are unlikely to occur by random chance, suggesting that the multiple short‐term stress interactions observed among the recent Gorda zone earthquakes are not an apparent effect. In all well‐constrained ≥0.2 bar Coulomb stress interactions between earthquakes that occurred within 4 years of each other, the second earthquake is promoted. On longer timescales, calculated stress changes imparted by the 1980 Mw = 7.3 Trinidad earthquake are consistent with the locations of M ≥ 5.9 earthquakes in the Gorda zone until at least 1995, as well as earthquakes on the Mendocino Fault Zone in 1994 and 2000. Coulomb stress changes imparted by the 1980 earthquake are also consistent with its distinct elbow‐shaped aftershock pattern. From these observations, we derive generalized static stress interactions among right‐lateral, left‐lateral and thrust faults near triple junctions

Applying Blockchain Solutions to Address Research Reproducibility and Enable Scientometric Analysis

A worldwide reproducibility crisis around published scientific studies has gained attention from academics, journalists, and concerned citizens in recent decades. The inability to reliably reproduce experiments from scholarly research—especially in areas of high- impact science—has far-reaching social and economic implications. Fraud may seem an obvious culprit, but in our data-intensive world, vague methods, unclear standards, and even accidental mismanagement of digital resources can all be contributing factors. Reproducibility is an area of increasing focus within the scientometrics community and looking to emerging technologies to help mitigate reproducibility challenges makes practical sense. In the Web 3.0 era, the promise of distributed computing, the maturation of cloud services, and other novel convergences point toward new ways to enable bibliometric reproducibility. Concurrently, research artifacts beyond the peer-reviewed article are growing in prominence—datasets, algorithms, pre-prints—all serve an expanding role in research dissemination and discovery. In this paper we present an overview of some new approaches—with particular focus on the benefits of blockchain-based software systems—for managing research information and improving scientometric reproducibility