A Consensus on the Definition and Knowledge Base for Computer Graphics

Despite several decades of historical innovation, measurable impacts, and multiple specializations the existing knowledge base for Computer Graphics (CG) lacks consensus, and numerous definitions for it have been published based on distinct contexts. Disagreement among post-secondary academics has divided CG programs into three contextual areas that emphasize different topics. This division has resulted in the decontextualization of CG education, and CG programs now face several challenges in meeting the needs of industry. Employing the Delphi Method, this investigation explored the perceptions among post-secondary educators and industry professionals about the definition of CG and how it is identified in terms of characteristics and context. The outcomes of this investigation identified CG in the technological paradigm, and provided a road map towards a true definition and distinct knowledge base necessary for establishing CG as a formal computing discipline

Privatizing prisons: Assessing the claims

Private prison companies simply cannot prove that they are better than the public prison sector. This research was conducted to help determine why government agencies should take in consideration the advantages and disadvantages of contracting private companies to manage and/or provide facilities to incarcerate inmates. The research identifies that the private sector’s promises of better recidivism rates, lower cost of operations, and staff’s training, pay, and benefits equal to the public prison system are not significant enough to weigh in favor of contracting with the private companies. Statistical date, studies, peer reviewed sources, and journals regarding correctional centers being operated by either the public or private sector were reviewed and compared. The findings indicate inconclusive evidence regarding claims of private prisons being significantly more efficient and effective than local, state, and federally operated correctional centers

Desperdicio

Critical Theory was first used in historical archaeology in the 1980s as a way of commenting upon the ideological character of modern global capitalism. At the time, neither the work of Walter Benjamin nor Slavoj Žižek were integrated into archaeology. Their work can be combined to form a complementary understanding of rapid consumption and disposal in modern culture, forming a new basis for excavation in historical archaeology. Benjamin concentrates on wide-scale discard, connecting it to ever faster cycles of consumption and production. Žižek analyzes the world of objects, both three-dimensional and psychological objectifications, to understand the inability of modern humans to see the difference between their creations and evanescent meanings. This paper takes these definitions and applies them to slave quarters in Maryland, and spent shell casings from a labour massacre in Pennsylvania, making frequently dismissed remains into images showing how modern societies constantly make and dispose of meanings.  Arqueología histórica, Teoría Crítica, siglo XIX, Wye House, Frederick Douglass, Masacre de Lattimer, Walter Benjamin, Slavoj Žižek, minería de carbon, trabajoLa Teoría Critica se usó por primera vez en arqueología histórica en los 80 del siglo pasado, como una forma de opinar sobre el carácter ideológico del capitalismo moderno. En aquel momento, los trabajos de Walter Benjamin y Slavoj Žižek no se integraron en arqueología. Su trabajo se puede combinar para una comprensión complementaria de los modelos de consumo y desecho en la cultura moderna, formando nuevas bases para la interpretación del registro en arqueología moderna. Benjamin se centra en el desecho a gran escala, conectándolo con ciclos más rápidos de consumo y producción. Por su parte, Žižek analiza el mundo de los objetos tanto materiales como sus objetivaciones psicológicas para entender la inhabilidad del ser humano moderno para ver la diferencia entre sus creaciones y sus significados evanescentes. Este artículo aplica esas definiciones a las cuadras de esclavos de Maryland, así como a las cáscaras sobrantes de una masacre obrera en Pensilvania, convirtiendo en imágenes los restos desechados para mostrar como las sociedades modernas desechan constantemente también los significados

Dynamische Reifensimulation mit geometrisch exakten Schalen - von der Schale zum Reifen

Um eine Schlechtwegüberfahrt eines Straßenfahrzeugs transient mit Hilfe einer Mehrkörpersystems zu simulieren, muss die dynamische Wechselwirkung des Reifens mit der Fahrbahn korrekt abgebildet werden. Zurzeit werden dazu zum einen 3D FE Modelle des Reifens benutzt, diese sind sehr zeitaufwendig, benutzen allerdings die Geometrie und das Material des Reifen als Modellparameter. Zum anderen werden diverse vereinfachte Ersatzmodelle verwendet, welche sehr effizient rechnen, deren Parameter allerdings nur teilweise von dem physikalischen Objekt abhängen, was zu Problemen in der Parameteridentifikation führt. In dieser Dissertation wird ein dynamisches Reifenmodell basierend auf geometrisch exakten Schalen entwickelt, das die positiven Eigenschaften beider Modellklassen vereint. Die Parameter des Modells sind die reale Geometrie und die Materialdaten des geschichteten Aufbaus des Reifens. Die Rechenzeiten sind dabei vergleichbar mit denen der vereinfachten Ersatzmodelle

MIGRATION, MODERNITY AND MEMORY: THE ARCHAEOLOGY OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY IN A NORTHEAST PENNSYLVANIA COAL COMPANY TOWN, 1897-2014

The Lattimer Massacre occurred in September of 1897 in the anthracite coal region of Pennsylvania. It has been described as the bloodiest massacre of the nineteenth century. In this event, a company-sponsored sheriff and a posse of local businessmen shot into a crowd of striking Eastern European mine laborers, resulting in the deaths of at least nineteen. However, the great significance of the event is not in the body count but the material contexts of its occurrence as well as its pre- and post- histories. Moreover, while the event can be securely consigned to history, the capitalist processes punctuated by this instance of violence are present throughout the century since its occurrence. In the region, coal company towns materialized carefully maintained racialized labor hierarchies in which new immigrants were confined to shanty towns at the periphery. The dissertation operates on an archaeological scale stretched across the longue durée of the twentieth century, documenting the transformation of a shanty town into an American suburb over the course of a century. The archaeological evidence hails from three excavations including a survey of the site of the Massacre and excavations of lots in the shanty enclave. This dissertation examines the trajectory of these settlements across the entire span of the twentieth century. With its primary evidence derived from waste, ruins, surpluses and redundancies accumulated over time, archaeological tellings of history recognize these aspects not simply for their contingency, but their centrality within capitalist social life across the passage of time. In this dissertation, I propose that a critical historical archaeology can contribute substantially to a nuanced understanding of the ironic developments of late twentieth century political economy. Contradiction, sovereignty, governmentality, states of exception, surplus enjoyment, cycles of creative destruction and reterritorialization, renewal, and subjectivation are explored by juxtaposing, grafting and merging archaeological evidence with social theory, textual evidence, ethnographic data and interdisciplinary scholarship to present an archaeological history greater than the sum of its parts. The result is both a history of the community and a schematic for an archaeological history of the twentieth century

An Archaeological Survey of the Site of the Lattimer Massacre, Lattimer, PA

The Lattimer Massacre occurred in September of 1897 in the anthracite coal region of Pennsylvania. It has been described as the bloodiest massacre of the nineteenth century. In this event, a company-sponsored sheriff and a posse of local businessmen shot into a crowd of striking Eastern European mine laborers, resulting in the deaths of at least nineteen. A survey was initiated by the Department of Anthropology of the University of Maryland as part of a broader research program examining labor and immigration heritage of the Anthracite Region of Northeast Pennsylvania. The site was surveyed on three dates in the fall of 2010, November 13 and 14 and December 4, 2010. Members of BRAVO conducted systematic and random metal detecting surveys of three areas. At the conclusion of the survey and subsequent analysis some of the initial goals for the project were satisfactorily completed, while others remain elusive. No cartridges dating to the massacre were found. The location of the initial engagement was identified by a cluster of three bullets from the period of the massacre or earlier. A fourth bullet was identified roughly where the right side of the line of deputies was situated

Dynamic Human Body Models in Vehicle Safety: An Overview

Significant trends in the vehicle industry are autonomous driving, micromobility, electrification and the increased use of shared mobility solutions. These new vehicle automation and mobility classes lead to a larger number of occupant positions, interiors and load directions. As safety systems interact with and protect occupants, it is essential to place the human, with its variability and vulnerability, at the center of the design and operation of these systems. Digital human body models (HBMs) can help meet these requirements and are therefore increasingly being integrated into the development of new vehicle models. This contribution provides an overview of current HBMs and their applications in vehicle safety in different driving modes. The authors briefly introduce the underlying mathematical methods and present a selection of HBMs to the reader. An overview table with guideline values for simulation times, common applications and available variants of the models is provided. To provide insight into the broad application of HBMs, the authors present three case studies in the field of vehicle safety: (i) in-crash finite element simulations and injuries of riders on a motorcycle; (ii) scenario-based assessment of the active pre-crash behavior of occupants with the Madymo multibody HBM; (iii) prediction of human behavior in a take-over scenario using the EMMA model