THE SCOPE AND STRUCTURE OF THE INCENTIVES IN AGRICULTURE AND RURAL DEVELOPMENT IN THE REPUBLIC OF SERBIA

The aim of the paper is to point out the scope and structure of the incentives from the agricultural budget of the Republic, as well as from the IPA Fund which are intended for the agricultural and rural development sector in Serbia. It is given a brief overview of the chronology of harmonization of national legislation in the field of agricultural production with European rules, the plan for realization of IPARD funds for the period 2014-2020, as well as a review of incentives from the agricultural budget for the period 2016-2019. For supporting the agriculture and rural development sector of Serbia within the IPARD measures, from the EU budget is intended EUR 175 mln., and from the national budget is intended EUR 55 mln. The largest amount of funds within the IPARD measures is planned for investments in the physical assets of agricultural holdings (43%). Something less contribution is scheduled for the investments in processing and marketing in agricultural holdings (37%). The left over measures include only 19% of the planned funds intended to support agricultural holdings within the IPARD assistance program. On the other hand, an analysis of the incentive structure from the Republic's agrarian budget indicates that the largest share has direct payments of over 50%, while the rural development measures are average financed with 12.3%

Productivity of Old Type of Grains and Genetic Resources Preservation

This paper presents the status of wheat genetic resources at the global level and in the Republic of Serbia. According to the report of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations dated 2010 the collection of wheat consists by 45 % of the total number of samples stored in gene banks around the world. In Serbia, a collection “of wheat and corn”, is also better represented comparing to other collections, with approximately 32 % of the total number of samples stored and maintained in breeding farms. In addition, the paper points out on some of the most ancient wheat species gaining more value through the use of organic farming. A review of domestic and foreign relevant literature provides an overview of the research that examines old kind of wheat productivity in different production conditions during last years. The general conclusion appoints that these types can achieve very good results in terms of production with low investment, but further work on their breeding is necessary

Органска пољопривреда у Републици Србији

Република Србија има снажне природне потенцијале за развој органске пољопривреде, што се огледа и у чињеници да је у нашој земљи расположива обрадива површина по глави становника два и по пута већа у односу на светски просек. Са друге стране, органска производња у Србији је још увек веома слабо заступљена и покрива свега 0,42% коришћеног пољопривредног земљишта. Највише површина под органском производњом налази се у региону Војводине (53,7%), затим у Јужној и Источној Србији (32,4%), Шумадији и Западној Србији (13,7%), а најмање у региону Београда (0,03%). У структури биљне производње назаступљеније су површине под житом, воћем и крмним биљем, док је у сточарству доминантно заступљен узгој стоке и живине. Један од кључних разлога недовољне искоришћености природних потенцијала у правцу органске пољопривреде јесте нестабилна подршка државе како у погледу мера тако и средстава, што веома неповољно утиче на произвођаче да се окрену овом еколошки прихватљивом и одрживом систему производње хране

Support Organic Farming as a Clean Technology and Development of Rural Areas in the EU and Serbia

The aim of this paper is to point out the importance of the role of organic farming, as way of clean production, could have in development of rural areas, through the attraction of financial resources. The paper is structured into two parts. In the first part of the paper, we provide a brief overview of the evolution of the concept of organic farming, followed by an insight into the spreading of these agricultural practices in the world. In addition, an overview of basic data on agriculture in Serbia, and potentials for the development of organic agriculture, and the current state of the sector in our country are also described. Data from FiBL / IFOAM survey (2016) and Eurostat (2015) on organic agriculture served the authors as the basis for this paper. In order for the analysis to communicate trends, findings and conclusions, the authors made use of available data for the period 2005-2014. For the analysis on the Republic of Serbia, available data from the Statistical Office and the Ministry of Agriculture and Environmental Protection were used. The second part of the papershows a system of support for rural development and organic agriculture in the European Union, as well as in the Republic of Serbia. The sources used in the paper come from official documents of the European Commission and the Republic of Serbia

Concept and State of Producer Organizations Development in European Organic Farming

The “European Green Deal” as a new set of European Commission's policy initiatives, and the "Farm to Fork Strategy" within this policy, emphasize the importance of sustainable development, circular and resource-efficient economy. "Farm to Fork Strategy" promotes further development of organic agriculture and also contains proposals to improve farmers' market position in the food value chain. One of the best ways to improve the market position of farmers is the farmers' associations, primarily producer organizations. The organic farming is one of the rare sectors where small-scale production is not an obstacle to competitiveness and where the increase in assets and funds (consolidation) is not an imperative for market success, so producer organizations represent an ideal type of cooperation, contributing to strengthening farmers' market position in the organic food supply chain. The authors analyze the concept of producer organizations and the state of their development in the European organic farming sector, to point out the possibilities of further development of organic production together with improving the market position of farmers in this production

Different genotypes of alternative small grains in organic farming

The main objectives were to examine different genotypes of alternative small grains important for food technology in organic farming conditions on morphological and productive characteristics. Four genotypes of different alternative small grains were included in the trial. Three of them were chosen for specific usage in food technology compact wheat Bambi - Triticum aestivum L. ssp. compactum, spelt Nirvana (Triticum aestivum L. ssp. spelta), durum wheat Durumko- (Triticum durum L.), and one which leads as a genotype for intensive conventional common wheat production in Serbia - NS 40S (Triticum aestivum L. ssp. vulgare). Plots were fertilized with biohumus "Royal ofert" (30 t ha(-1)) applied in autumn with basic tillage and microbial fertilizer "Slavol" ad as in spring foliar treatment in full tillering (51 ha(-1)). Alternative small grains durum wheat and compact wheat except splet gives lower grain yield in organic condition compared with comercial cultivar for high-input NS-40S

Impact of Globalization on Vegetable Crops Production Per Capita in Serbia (2000-2012)

Subject of this paper is to introduce the concept of globalization in general, and the possibility of making different strategies of development of this sector in Serbia. It also states the importance of the establishment of the World Trade Organization (WTO), which can be said with certainty that it is initiator of the globalization of all sectors of the economy. The aim of the study was to determine the strength of the globalization on agriculture in Serbia. Finally, given is the production of selected vegetables (potatoes, beans, peppers and tomatoes) in Serbia in the period 2000 - 2012 total and by population. Research methods are based on a literature search of specify themes, consultation with experts in a

Voćarska proizvodnja Gornjeg Podunavlja prema obliku svojine

Osnovni cilj istraživanja u ovom radu je definisati svojinsku strukturu nad voćarskim površinama na teritoriji Gornjeg Podunavlja, uz istovremeno sagledavanje različitosti opština prema prethodno pomenutim karakteristikama. Shodno tome, na osnovu prosečnih vrednosti, analizirano je stanje voćarske proizvodnje prema obliku svojine nad voćnim plantažama (privredna društva – PD, zadruge – Z i porodična gazdinstva - PG) u opštinama Gornjeg Podunavlja Republike Srbije (Apatin, Sombor, Bač i Bačka Palanka) od 2007. do 2011. god. Istaknuto je se da je učešće površine pod voćnjacima u korišćenoj poljoprivrednoj površini oko 4,7%. Najveće učešće prosečne površine voćnjaka (prosečne vrednosti za period 2007-2011. god.) PD, Z i PG u prosečnoj poljoprivrednoj površini ostvaruje Bačka Palanka (1,3%), pri čemu su prosečne površine pod voćnjacima najvećim delom u vlasništvu PG (u Apatinu 100%). Bač ostvaruje najveći prosečan prinos po stablu jabuke (40,1 kg) i šljive (27,9 kg)

Floristički sastav korova, morfološke i produktivne osobine genotipova različitih alternativnih vrsta pšenice u organskoj proizvodnji

This study was aimed at assessing the floristic composition of weeds, studying properties of different wheat genotypes of alternative small grains (stem height, last internode length and spike length, thousand-grain weight, grain yield) and the relationship between the studied traits and dry weight of weeds in an organic production system. Testing was carried out in a randomized block design with four replications, in a two-year period (2009/2010-2010/2011). The study included one variety of durum wheat Triticum durum (Dolap, G1), the compact wheat Triticum compactum (Bambi, G2) and spelt Triticum spelt (Nirvana, G3). A treatment for maintaining the increase in the biological soil fertility included two different fertilisation variants: T1 - fertilisation only with microbiological fertiliser as a top dressing (5.0 l ha-1); T2 - biohumus fertilisation (3.0 t ha-1) and microbiological fertiliser as a top dressing (5.0 l ha-1); T0 - control - without the use of fertilisers. The results have shown that the genotype and treatment, as studied factors, very significantly affected the dry weight of weeds, stem height, last internode length and spike length, as well as the yield of different wheat genotypes of alternative small grains, while the effect of their interaction was lower. In terms of the low- input system, a highly significant negative correlation (r = - 0.58) was observed between the stem height and the dry weight of weeds. In addition, a significant negative correlation was noticed between the grain yield and the dry weight of weeds (r = - 0.44). These results showed that proper selection of the genotypes with the application of fertilisers could have a significant effect on the weeds and could lead to establishing a stable production in the organic production system.Cilj rada jeste ocena florističkog sastava korova, proučavanje kvantitativnih osobina (visina stabla, dužina poslednje internodije, dužina klasa, masa hiljadu zrna, prinos zrna) različitih genotipova alternativnih vrsta pšenice i odnosa između ispitivanih osobina i mase korova u sistemu organske proizvodnje. Ispitivanje je realizovano prema planu slučajnog blok sistema u četiri ponavljanja, u dvogodišnjem periodu (2009/2010-2010/2011). Ispitivana je po jedna sorta tvrde pšenice Triticum durum (Dolap), kompaktum pšenice Triticum compactum (Bambi) i krupnika Triticum spelta (Nirvana). U okviru tretmana za održavanje i povećanje biološke plodnosti zemljišta ispitivane su dve varijante đubrenja: T1 - đubrenje samo mikrobiološkim đubrivom u prihranjivanju (5,0 l ha-1); T2 - đubrenje biohumusom (3,0 t ha-1) i mikrobiološkim đubrivom u prihranjivanju (5,0 l ha-1); T0 - kontrola - bez primene đubriva. Rezultati su pokazali da genotip i tretman, kao ispitivani faktori, veoma značajno utiču na suvu masu korova, visinu stabla, dužinu poslednje internodije i klasa, kao i na prinos zrna proučavanih genotipova, dok je uticaj njihove interakcije slabiji. U uslovima niskih ulaganja, između visine stabla i suve mase korova konstatovana je veoma značajna negativna korelacija (r = - 0,58), kao i značajna negativna korelacija između mase korova i visine prinosa zrna (r = - 0,44). Dobijeni rezultati ukazuju da pravilan odabir genotipa, uz primenu đubriva, može da ima značajan uticaj na zakorovljenost i uspostavljanje stabilne proizvodnje u organskoj poljoprivredi

The application of multiple inoculants in the sustainable production of wheat

U istraživanjima su korišćene tri alternativne sorte pšenice Tr. aestivum ssp. compactumima, Triticum spelta, i Triticum durum u tri godine istraživanja sa primenom organskog đubriva i mikrobiološkog inokulata u cilju održavanja biogenosti zemljišta. U toku istraživanja određivani su najznačajniji mikrobiološki parametri promena u zemljištu (ukupan broj mikroba i brojnost azotobaktera), kao i visina prinosa gajenih biljaka. Na kraju rada zaključeno je da sorta Tr.aestivum ssp. compactumima ima najbolju asocijaciju sa rizosfernom populacijom, a da sorta Triticum spelta ostvaruje najve će prinose u različitim agroekološkim uslovima.The experiments were carried out three alternative varieties of wheat Tr. aestivum ssp. compactumima, Triticum spelt and Triticum durum three years of research with the application of organic fertilizers and microbial inoculum in order to maintain the biological value of the land. In the study determined the most important microbiological parameters changes in soil (total number of microbes and Azotobacter) and grain yield. At the end, it was concluded that wheat variety Tr.aestivum ssp. compactum has the best association with the rhizosphere population, and that the variety Triticum spelta has the highest grain yields under different agroecological condition