3 research outputs found

    Tabaquisme passiu en nadons: efectivitat d鈥檜na intervenci贸 breu

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    Introducci贸: L鈥檈xposici贸 al fum ambiental del tabac (FAT) 茅s causa important de morbimortalitat. Particularment en el nad贸, ja que la seva freq眉猫ncia respirat貌ria 茅s superior a la dels adults, el pulm贸 encara 茅s immadur i ell per si sol no pot volunt脿riament evitar l鈥檈xposici贸. L鈥檈xposici贸 al FAT es relaciona amb un increment del risc de malalties pedi脿triques com la s铆ndrome de mort sobtada, malalties respirat貌ries agudes, empitjorament de l鈥檃sma, malalties agudes-cr貌niques de l鈥檕茂da mitjana i alentiment en el creixement pulmonar. No obstant, no es coneix l鈥檈fic脿cia d鈥檜na intervenci贸 en pares per reduir el FAT. Objectius: Valorar l鈥檈fecte d鈥檜na intervenci贸 breu per evitar l鈥檈xposici贸 al FAT adre莽ada als pares de nadons menors de 18 mesos, basades en les creences sobre tabaquisme passiu i les conductes dels cuidadors del nad贸, realitzada per professionals de pediatria als 3 mesos de la intervenci贸. Material i m猫todes: Assaig aleatoritzat, per conglomerats (grup control: GC i grup intervenci贸: GI), controlat, paral路lel, obert i multic猫ntric. La unitat d鈥檃leatoritzaci贸 茅s l鈥橢quip d鈥橝tenci贸 Prim脿ria (EAP), format per un pediatre/a i un infermer/a de pediatria, ambd贸s responsables d鈥檜na mateixa poblaci贸 infantil (aproximadament 2000 nens/es). Els criteris d鈥檌nclusi贸 eren nadons de menys de 18 mesos, que el pare o mare fumessin, que es visitessin als EAP i donessin el consentiment per participar a l鈥檈studi. Els criteris exclusi贸 eren malalties greus dels pares o del nad贸, malaltia psiqui脿trica dels pares, addicci贸 dels pares a subst脿ncies psicoactives, pares en proc茅s de deshabituaci贸 tabac i previsi贸 d鈥檜n canvi de domicili durant l鈥檈studi. El GI rep una intervenci贸 breu, basada en el consell personalitzat segons l鈥檈xposici贸 i l鈥檈ntrevista motivacional, de 10 minuts/sessi贸 per 3 sessions en total, segons el model transte貌ric del canvi de Prochaska i Di Clemente i en l鈥檈strat猫gia de les 5鈥橝s (Ask, Advise, Assess, Assist, Arrange), per evitar l鈥檈xposici贸 al FAT dels nadons i el GC fa les revisions habituals de pediatria. Es realitzen 3 controls (basal, 3 mesos i 6 mesos), tot i que en la present tesi nom茅s es valoraran la visita basal i el primer control als 3 mesos. En la visita basal es recullen, mitjan莽ant un q眉estionari de recollida de dades, variables cl铆niques del nad贸, antecedents i caracter铆stiques de l鈥檈xposici贸 al FAT, i es recullen mostres de cabell del nad贸 nom茅s al primer i 煤ltim control als 6 mesos, per tal d鈥檃nalitzar el nivell de nicotina en cabell, tot i que aquestes dades no formen part d鈥檃questa tesi. Les variables recollides dels progenitors s贸n dades sociodemogr脿fiques, variables lligades al consum de tabac, depend猫ncia i estadi de canvi. En les visites de seguiment (als 3 i 6 mesos de la visita basal) es recullen dades d鈥檈xposici贸 al FAT dels nadons. Resultats: Van participar a l鈥檈studi 83 centres d鈥橝P que van reclutar 937 nadons amb una edat mediana de 7,89 mesos (P25=4,17, P75=12,25). Als 3 mesos de la intervenci贸, el 35,7% de les fam铆lies del GI i el 26,7% del GC (p=0,003) prenien mesures 煤tils dins de casa, i el 58,6% del GI i el 50,9% del GC (p=0,018) les adoptaven dins del cotxe per evitar l鈥檈xposici贸 al FAT. El 38,4% dels progenitors del GI i el 31,6% (p=0,029) del GC havien adoptat com a m铆nim un canvi de conducta per evitar l鈥檈xposici贸 al FAT, als 3 mesos de la intervenci贸. Conclusions: La intervenci贸 breu dirigida als progenitors 茅s efectiva per disminuir-ne l鈥檈xposici贸 al fum ambiental del tabac als seus fills a dins de casa i al cotxe.Background: Second Hand Smoke (SHS) from tobacco is clearly associated to an increased risk or morbidity and mortality. Particularly in the newborn, who has a higher respiratory frequency compared to adults, their lungs are still immature and voluntarily cannot avoid SHS exposition. Exposition to SHS is related to an increased risk to suffer some pediatric illnesses such as syndrome of sudden death, acute respiratory illnesses, worsening of asthma, eacute- chronic illnesses- of the middle ear and average hearing and slow pulmonary growth. However, no Known effective intervention for parents to reduce SHS. Objectives: To value the effect of a brief intervention to avoid SHS exposition in newborns and child aged <18 months. The intervention was undertaken by pediatrics professionals and was addressed to child鈥檚 parents on the beliefs and behaviors of the carers of the newborn at three months post intervention. Methods: Community based open, parallel, multicentric and conglomerate based randomized trial. The unit of randomization was the primary care team composed by a pediatrician and a pediatric nurse, both responsible of the same pediatric population (around 2000 children). A total of 937 children aged 18 months or younger with at least one of their parents being a current smoker and who are attended in any of the participating primary care center of Catalunya (North east of Spain) were included in the study. All parents signed the informed consent. The inclusion criteria were babies under 18 months of age whose parents smoke and who give their informed consent to participate in the study. The exclusion criteria was any pathology or parents or baby鈥檚 illness, Known addiction in the parents to other substances, parent in smoking cessation process or foreseeable change in residency. Intervention group received a brief intervention based on counseling, cognitive theory and motivational interviewing (5鈥橝s intervention: Ask, Advise, Assess, Assist, Arrange), to avoid SHS exposition in the children and control group received habitual care. Three controls were made, although for the present dissertation we included results for basal timeline and at three month post intervention. Basal information on children鈥檚 clinical data, past and recent SHS exposition and parent鈥檚 sociodemographic data and variables related to tobacco consumption (including dependency and state of change) was gathered with a face to face interview with the parent. At three and six months post intervention we gathered information on SHS exposure. Besides, at the beginning of the study and at six months post intervention children鈥檚 hair samples were collected to analyze nicotine levels, but this information is not offered in the present dissertation. Results: Eighty-three primary care centers participated in the study. The study included 937 children (median age: 7.89 months, P25=4,17, P75=12,25). At three months post intervention we observed an improvement on the measures to avoid SHS exposition among the intervention group compared to the control group: inside the house and in the car the percentage of families that undertook improvements were 35.7% 8 (vs. 26.7%, p=0.003) and 58.6% (vs. 50.9%, p=0.018). Globally, 38.4% of the parents of the intervention group (compared to the 31.6% of the control group, p=0.029) has adopted at least one behavior change to avoid SHS exposition at three months post-intervention. Conclusions: The present brief intervention addressed to parents who smoke to avoid SHS in their children is effective to reduce exposition inside the house and the car

    Tabaquisme passiu en nadons : efectivitat d'una intervenci贸 breu /

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    Introducci贸: L'exposici贸 al fum ambiental del tabac (FAT) 茅s causa important de morbimortalitat. Particularment en el nad贸, ja que la seva freq眉猫ncia respirat貌ria 茅s superior a la dels adults, el pulm贸 encara 茅s immadur i ell per si sol no pot volunt脿riament evitar l'exposici贸. L'exposici贸 al FAT es relaciona amb un increment del risc de malalties pedi脿triques com la s铆ndrome de mort sobtada, malalties respirat貌ries agudes, empitjorament de l'asma, malalties agudes-cr貌niques de l'o茂da mitjana i alentiment en el creixement pulmonar. No obstant, no es coneix l'efic脿cia d'una intervenci贸 en pares per reduir el FAT. Objectius: Valorar l'efecte d'una intervenci贸 breu per evitar l'exposici贸 al FAT adre莽ada als pares de nadons menors de 18 mesos, basades en les creences sobre tabaquisme passiu i les conductes dels cuidadors del nad贸, realitzada per professionals de pediatria als 3 mesos de la intervenci贸. Material i m猫todes: Assaig aleatoritzat, per conglomerats (grup control: GC i grup intervenci贸: GI), controlat, paral路lel, obert i multic猫ntric. La unitat d'aleatoritzaci贸 茅s l'Equip d'Atenci贸 Prim脿ria (EAP), format per un pediatre/a i un infermer/a de pediatria, ambd贸s responsables d'una mateixa poblaci贸 infantil (aproximadament 2000 nens/es). Els criteris d'inclusi贸 eren nadons de menys de 18 mesos, que el pare o mare fumessin, que es visitessin als EAP i donessin el consentiment per participar a l'estudi. Els criteris exclusi贸 eren malalties greus dels pares o del nad贸, malaltia psiqui脿trica dels pares, addicci贸 dels pares a subst脿ncies psicoactives, pares en proc茅s de deshabituaci贸 tabac i previsi贸 d'un canvi de domicili durant l'estudi. El GI rep una intervenci贸 breu, basada en el consell personalitzat segons l'exposici贸 i l'entrevista motivacional, de 10 minuts/sessi贸 per 3 sessions en total, segons el model transte貌ric del canvi de Prochaska i Di Clemente i en l'estrat猫gia de les 5'As (Ask, Advise, Assess, Assist, Arrange), per evitar l'exposici贸 al FAT dels nadons i el GC fa les revisions habituals de pediatria. Es realitzen 3 controls (basal, 3 mesos i 6 mesos), tot i que en la present tesi nom茅s es valoraran la visita basal i el primer control als 3 mesos. En la visita basal es recullen, mitjan莽ant un q眉estionari de recollida de dades, variables cl铆niques del nad贸, antecedents i caracter铆stiques de l'exposici贸 al FAT, i es recullen mostres de cabell del nad贸 nom茅s al primer i 煤ltim control als 6 mesos, per tal d'analitzar el nivell de nicotina en cabell, tot i que aquestes dades no formen part d'aquesta tesi. Les variables recollides dels progenitors s贸n dades sociodemogr脿fiques, variables lligades al consum de tabac, depend猫ncia i estadi de canvi. En les visites de seguiment (als 3 i 6 mesos de la visita basal) es recullen dades d'exposici贸 al FAT dels nadons. Resultats: Van participar a l'estudi 83 centres d'AP que van reclutar 937 nadons amb una edat mediana de 7,89 mesos (P25=4,17, P75=12,25). Als 3 mesos de la intervenci贸, el 35,7% de les fam铆lies del GI i el 26,7% del GC (p=0,003) prenien mesures 煤tils dins de casa, i el 58,6% del GI i el 50,9% del GC (p=0,018) les adoptaven dins del cotxe per evitar l'exposici贸 al FAT. El 38,4% dels progenitors del GI i el 31,6% (p=0,029) del GC havien adoptat com a m铆nim un canvi de conducta per evitar l'exposici贸 al FAT, als 3 mesos de la intervenci贸. Conclusions: La intervenci贸 breu dirigida als progenitors 茅s efectiva per disminuir-ne l'exposici贸 al fum ambiental del tabac als seus fills a dins de casa i al cotxeBackground: Second Hand Smoke (SHS) from tobacco is clearly associated to an increased risk or morbidity and mortality. Particularly in the newborn, who has a higher respiratory frequency compared to adults, their lungs are still immature and voluntarily cannot avoid SHS exposition. Exposition to SHS is related to an increased risk to suffer some pediatric illnesses such as syndrome of sudden death, acute respiratory illnesses, worsening of asthma, eacute- chronic illnesses- of the middle ear and average hearing and slow pulmonary growth. However, no Known effective intervention for parents to reduce SHS. Objectives: To value the effect of a brief intervention to avoid SHS exposition in newborns and child aged 18 months. The intervention was undertaken by pediatrics professionals and was addressed to child's parents on the beliefs and behaviors of the carers of the newborn at three months post intervention. Methods: Community based open, parallel, multicentric and conglomerate based randomized trial. The unit of randomization was the primary care team composed by a pediatrician and a pediatric nurse, both responsible of the same pediatric population (around 2000 children). A total of 937 children aged 18 months or younger with at least one of their parents being a current smoker and who are attended in any of the participating primary care center of Catalunya (North east of Spain) were included in the study. All parents signed the informed consent. The inclusion criteria were babies under 18 months of age whose parents smoke and who give their informed consent to participate in the study. The exclusion criteria was any pathology or parents or baby's illness, Known addiction in the parents to other substances, parent in smoking cessation process or foreseeable change in residency. Intervention group received a brief intervention based on counseling, cognitive theory and motivational interviewing (5'As intervention: Ask, Advise, Assess, Assist, Arrange), to avoid SHS exposition in the children and control group received habitual care. Three controls were made, although for the present dissertation we included results for basal timeline and at three month post intervention. Basal information on children's clinical data, past and recent SHS exposition and parent's sociodemographic data and variables related to tobacco consumption (including dependency and state of change) was gathered with a face to face interview with the parent. At three and six months post intervention we gathered information on SHS exposure. Besides, at the beginning of the study and at six months post intervention children's hair samples were collected to analyze nicotine levels, but this information is not offered in the present dissertation. Results: Eighty-three primary care centers participated in the study. The study included 937 children (median age: 7.89 months, P25=4,17, P75=12,25). At three months post intervention we observed an improvement on the measures to avoid SHS exposition among the intervention group compared to the control group: inside the house and in the car the percentage of families that undertook improvements were 35.7% 8 (vs. 26.7%, p=0.003) and 58.6% (vs. 50.9%, p=0.018). Globally, 38.4% of the parents of the intervention group (compared to the 31.6% of the control group, p=0.029) has adopted at least one behavior change to avoid SHS exposition at three months post-intervention. Conclusions: The present brief intervention addressed to parents who smoke to avoid SHS in their children is effective to reduce exposition inside the house and the car
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