Population distribution and biomass variability of sardine and anchovy in the Canary current system as simulated by an end-to-end coupled model

Small pelagic fishes as sardine and anchovy account for as much as 20-25% of the world fisheries catch. They are particularly abundant in the four major eastern boundary upwelling ecosystems, where high levels of biological productivity are sustained by the supply of nutrient-rich water from beneath the photic zone. An intrinsic and puzzling feature of small pelagic fish is the large fluctuations of their population, typically occurring at decadal scales. The causes for such fluctuations have been extensively analyzed and discussed in the literature, yet our understanding of the mechanism involved is very limited. End-to-end models are emerging tools useful to test hypothesis for such fish population variability or to gain new insights into the problem. This comprehensive and complex model approach is now becoming possible largely thanks to the present-day computer power. This contribution focuses on the population dynamics of sardine (Sardina pilchardus) and anchovy (Engraulis encrasicolus) in the Canary Current Upwelling Ecosystem. We describe and present the results of an end-to-end coupled model simulation including these two small pelagic species. The end-to-end application includes three model components: the ROMS circulation sub-model, the lower trophic ecosystem sub-model NEMURO, and a recently developed individual-based model for the fish (Rose et al. 2015; Fiechter et al. 2015). The computational grid for the three models covers NW Africa and the Western Iberian Peninsula at a spatial resolution of 12 km. This resolution is sufficient for certain eddy variability to occur in ROMS. Different biological traits were prescribed for anchovy and sardine: temperature optimum, diet preferences, and the onset and duration of the spawning season, among others. A hind-cast simulation of the period 1958-2007 was carried out. Model results reveal a fairly different behavior of sardine and anchovy. Anchovies gather off the northern part of Morocco and the Gulf of Cadiz, whereas sardines appear more scattered across the domain, further offshore, and further south, where upwelling favorable conditions take place year round. Both species exhibit decadal-scale fluctuations in both the location of the center of mass of the population and their biomass abundance; the latter being reasonably correlated with historical landing records.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional del Mar CEIMAR. Campus de Excelencia Andalucía Tec

The role of ketamine in major depressive disorders: Effects on parvalbumin-positive interneurons in hippocampus

Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a complex illness that is arising as a growing public health concern. Although several brain areas are related to this type of disorders, at the cellular level, the parvalbumin-positive cells of the hippocampus interplay a very relevant role. They control pyramidal cell bursts, neuronal networks, basic microcircuit functions, and other complex neuronal tasks involved in mood disorders. In resistant depressions, the efficacy of current antidepressant treatments drops dramatically, so the new rapid-acting antidepressants (RAADs) are being postulated as novel treatments. Ketamine at subanesthetic doses and its derivative metabolites have been proposed as RAADs due to their rapid and sustained action by blocking N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptors, which in turn lead to the release of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). This mechanism produces a rapid plasticity activation mediated by neurotransmitter homeostasis, synapse recovery, and increased dendritic spines and therefore, it is a promising therapeutic approach to improve cognitive symptoms in MDD.Fil: Barrutieta Arberas, I.. Universidad del País Vasco; EspañaFil: Ortuzar, N.. Universidad del País Vasco; EspañaFil: Vaquero Rodríguez, A.. Universidad del País Vasco; EspañaFil: Picó-Gallardo, M.. Universidad del País Vasco; EspañaFil: Bengoetxea, H.. Universidad del País Vasco; EspañaFil: Guevara, M. A.. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo; ArgentinaFil: Gargiulo, Pascual Angel. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mendoza; ArgentinaFil: Lafuente, J. V.. Universidad del País Vasco; Españ

Multiancestry analysis of the HLA locus in Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases uncovers a shared adaptive immune response mediated by HLA-DRB1*04 subtypes

Across multiancestry groups, we analyzed Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA) associations in over 176,000 individuals with Parkinson’s disease (PD) and Alzheimer’s disease (AD) versus controls. We demonstrate that the two diseases share the same protective association at the HLA locus. HLA-specific fine-mapping showed that hierarchical protective effects of HLA-DRB1*04 subtypes best accounted for the association, strongest with HLA-DRB1*04:04 and HLA-DRB1*04:07, and intermediary with HLA-DRB1*04:01 and HLA-DRB1*04:03. The same signal was associated with decreased neurofibrillary tangles in postmortem brains and was associated with reduced tau levels in cerebrospinal fluid and to a lower extent with increased Aβ42. Protective HLA-DRB1*04 subtypes strongly bound the aggregation-prone tau PHF6 sequence, however only when acetylated at a lysine (K311), a common posttranslational modification central to tau aggregation. An HLA-DRB1*04-mediated adaptive immune response decreases PD and AD risks, potentially by acting against tau, offering the possibility of therapeutic avenues

Material para la incorporación de nuevas tecnologías en la docencia de las áreas de conocimiento de filosofía y lógica y filosofía de la ciencia

Proyecto realizado en la Universidad de León, por los profesores de las áreas de Filosofía y Lógica y Filosofía de la Ciencia, cuyo objetivo es utilizar los medios informáticos en particular INTERNET para canalizar a través de sendas páginas de área las fuentes de información, formación y apoyo práctico a la enseñanza y aprendizaje en las materias de las áreas citadas. En dichas páginas se hallan los programas vivos (actualizables día a día) de las asignaturas, programas que contiene no sólo temarios, sino enlaces bibliográficos directos y de interés institucional, así como la posibilidad de la utilización del correo electrónico como medio interactivo alumno profesor en apoyo de la acción tutorial. Como parte de suministro de información está contemplado, ya iniciado y en proceso de continuación, el proceso de reproducción de fuente (dentro de lo permitido por la ley) mediante equipo de 'Scanner' y el paquete ADOBE de edición, así como la utilización de los mismos en la produccción de recursos didácticos. Todo ello puede comprobarse a través del uso de la página web del Area de Lógica y Filosofía de la Ciencia, así como próximamente de la del Area de Filosofía (de la que existe ya una muestra en la Memoria de Resultados). Como primeros logros pueden indicarse el excelente resultado del uso de los recursos disponibles para la enseñanza de la lógica elemental accesibles en los enlaces de los programas de las asignaturas de Lógica (incluidos programas de correción de pruebas, tablas de verdad, etc.) que deben contribuir al ahorro de tiempo en las prácticas y a la correción por los propios alumnos de sus ejercicios. Estos resultados, al ser accesibles en INTERNET, han de considerarse de conocimiento público.Junta de Castilla y León. Dirección General de Universidades e Investigación. Monasterio Ntra. Sra. del Prado. Autovia Puente Colgante s/n. 47071 Valladolid. Teléfono: 983-41.18.87Castilla y LeónES