The weathering action of saxicolous lichens in maritime Antarctica

7 pages, figures and tables statistics.Xanthoria elegans (Link) Th Fr. and Lecidea lapicida (Ach.) were studied on volcanic andesite, and Rhizocarpon geooraphicum (L.) DC. and Bacidia stipata Lamb on a volcanigenic sediment, using light microscopy, infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy. Feldspars were present in the rocklichen interface to a lesser extent than in the underlying rock. R. geographicum was found to alter the minerals in the rock on which it grew without producing any new minerals in the rock/lichen interface, in contrast to the observations for this species on granite in temperate regions. Beneath of the thallus of L. lapicida there was calcium oxalate and some micas of the illite type, which may have been degradation products of various phyllosilicates in the rock. B. stipata, an endemic Antarctic lichen, had the greatest capacity to weather the rock and had weddellite (dihydrate calcium oxalate) and calcite in the contact area as well as many bacteria. The presence of crystalline oxalate, imogolite, allophane, carbonates (calcite) and amorphous material not found in the parent rock indicates biomineralization processes attributable to the lichens.We are pleased to acknowledge that this work was supported by a grant number PB87 0229 from the Comisi6n Asesora de Ciencia y Tecnologia. We are grateful to Mr. F. Pinto and M. T. Carnota for technical assistance, and to Prof. Kappen and William Sanders for help with the English manuscript.Peer reviewe

Un pedestal de estatua con inscripción de Pajaritos (Huelva)

Un pedestal con la dedicación de un aedilis y IIvir, de la tribu Quirina, confirma el estatus jurídico privilegiado de Onoba Aestuaria y descarta la condición jurídica de colonia para Onoba. Este pedestal apareció en la finca Pajaritos, cerca del cruce (Cuatro Caminos) de las vías Ab Ostio Fluminis Anae- Italica y Onoba-Pax Iulia.______________________________________A pedestal set up by an aedile and IIvir enrolled in the Roman voting tribe Quirina confirms Onoba Aestuaria’s privileged juridical status and calls into question the commonly held view that Onoba had the juridical status of a colony. This pedestal appeared in Pajaritos site, near crossing place (Cuatro Caminos) of the roman roads Ab Ostio Fluminis Anae-Italica and Onoba -Pax Iulia

Andosols of the Canary Islands (X). Vitrandepts. Mineralogical characteristics. Their interpretation and classification

12 páginas, 8 gráficas.Interpretation, classification and mineralogical characteristics of Vitrandepts are given by the authors. The soils of this group are typically andosoils, with a littie differenciated profil developed on very recent vitric pyroclastic materials. Primary minerals, and volcanic glasses are very abundant in the gross and fine fractions of this soil. Secondary minerals are mainly allophane. Techniques used for mineralogical identifications include X-Ray, Infrared and electron-Microscope.Peer reviewe

Un SIG corporativo en el IGN para la gestión integrada, publicación y análisis de datos geográficos

El Instituto Geográfico Nacional inició en el año 2003 los estudios previos necesarios para un proyecto ambicioso y a la vez esencial para el cumplimiento de sus responsabilidades básicas, la implantación de un Sistema de Información Geográfica (SIG) corporativo que atendiera a tres finalidades fundamentales: a) la gestión integrada de los datos geográficos y cartográficos que produce, en forma de Bases Cartográficas Numéricas (BCN) y en forma de mapas, respectivamente, incluyendo su actualización coordinada; b) la publicación de tales datos en papel, en soporte digital y de manera electrónica (Infraestructura de Datos Espaciales (IDE)); c) el análisis y consulta desde clientes ligeros y pesados para todo tipo de aplicaciones. Por lo tanto, el sistema constituye a la vez el soporte básico para la publicación de cartografía y para la consulta de los datos geográficos desde clientes a través de la Web,mediante el desarrollo de servicios de análisis

Short-Term Changes in Algometry, Inclinometry, Stabilometry, and Urinary pH Analysis After a Thoracolumbar Junction Manipulation in Patients with Kidney Stones

Objectives: To determine the efficacy of a high-velocity low-amplitude manipulation of the thoracolumbar junction in different urologic and musculoskeletal parameters in subjects suffering from renal lithiasis. Design: Randomized, controlled blinded clinical study. Settings/Location: The Nephrology departments of two hospitals and one private consultancy of physiotherapy in Valencia (Spain). Subjects: Forty-six patients suffering from renal lithiasis. Interventions: The experimental group (EG, n¿=¿23) received a spinal manipulation of the thoracolumbar junction, and the control group (CG, n¿=¿23) received a sham procedure. Outcome measures: Pressure pain thresholds (PPTs) of both quadratus lumborum and spinous processes from T10 to L1, lumbar flexion range of motion, stabilometry, and urinary pH were measured before and immediately after the intervention. A comparison between pre- and postintervention phases was performed and an analysis of variance for repeated measures using time (pre- and postintervention) as intrasubject variable and group (CG or EG) as intersubject variable. Results: Intragroup comparison showed a significant improvement for the EG in the lumbar flexion range of motion (p¿<¿0.001) and in all the PPT (p¿<¿0.001 in all cases). Between-group comparison showed significant changes in PPT in quadratus lumborum (p¿<¿0.001), as well as in the spinous processes of all of the evaluated levels (p¿<¿0.05). No changes in urinary pH were observed (p¿=¿0.419). Conclusion: Spinal manipulation of the thoracolumbar junction seems to be effective in short term to improve pain sensitivity, as well as to increase the lumbar spine flexion

Role of mTOR-regulated autophagy in spine pruning defects and memory impairments induced by binge-like ethanol treatment in adolescent mice

Adolescence is a brain maturation developmental period during which remodeling and changes in synaptic plasticity and neural connectivity take place in some brain regions. Different mechanism participates in adolescent brain maturation, including autophagy that plays a role in synaptic development and plasticity. Alcohol is a neurotoxic compound and its abuse in adolescence induces neuroinflammation, synaptic and myelin alterations, neural damage and behavioral impairments. Changes in synaptic plasticity and its regulation by mTOR have also been suggested to play a role in the behavioral dysfunction of binge ethanol drinking in adolescence. Therefore, by considering the critical role of mTOR in both autophagy and synaptic plasticity in the developing brain, the present study aims to evaluate whether binge ethanol treatment in adolescence would induce dysfunctions in synaptic plasticity and cognitive functions and if mTOR inhibition with rapamycin is capable of restoring both effects. Using C57BL/6 adolescent female and male mice (PND30) treated with ethanol (3 g/kg) on two consecutive days at 48-hour intervals over 2 weeks, we show that binge ethanol treatment alters the density and morphology of dendritic spines, effects that are associated with learning and memory impairments and changes in the levels of both transcription factor CREB phosphorylation and miRNAs. Rapamycin administration (3 mg/kg) prior to ethanol administration restores ethanol-induced changes in both plasticity and behavior dysfunctions in adolescent mice. These results support the critical role of mTOR/autophagy dysfunctions in the dendritic spines alterations and cognitive alterations induced by binge alcohol in adolescence

Las asociaciones de ostrácodos en secuencias aluviales como indicadores de cambios ambientales holocenos (Bardenas Reales de Navarra, Cuenca del Ebro, NE Península Ibérica)

En este trabajo se estudian las asociaciones de ostrácodos identificadas en tres unidades aluviales preservadas en Bardenas Reales de Navarra (Cuenca del Ebro, NE Península Ibérica), para reconstruir la evolución paleoambiental de esta área durante el Holoceno final. Las especies de ostrácodos más comunes en las muestras estudiadas son Ilyocypris bradyi Sars y Paralimnocythere aff. psammophila (Flössner), acompañadas por Pseudocandona albicans (Brady). Las variaciones en su abundancia relativa a lo largo de dichas unidades aluviales permiten caracterizar cambios internos en el ambiente de depósito. Así, la unidad depositada entre 4763±87 y 2848±55 años cal. BP presenta como especie más abundante a I. bradyi, lo que indica la existencia de pequeños arroyos o riachuelos con agua corriente que se desarrollaron probablemente en llanuras de inundación fluviales. Sin embargo, de 2848±55 a 836±65 años cal. BP Paralimnocythere aff. psammophila es la especie dominante, representando el establecimiento de un medio acuático efímero y de aguas estancadas, posiblemente relacionado con condiciones climáticas más áridas (Anomalía Climática Medieval). Finalmente, la asociación de ostrácodos identificada en el Reciente (191±97 a 127±82 años cal. BP) está constituida principalmente por I. bradyi, que indicaría la presencia de nuevo de aguas corrientes. Esta última asociación parece estar vinculada a la influencia de condiciones climáticas húmedas y frías (Pequeña Edad del Hielo) durante el Reciente en esta área. Por lo tanto, la evolución paleoambiental para el Holoceno final de Bardenas Reales de Navarra, identificada a partir de las asociaciones de ostrácodos, muestra una buena correlación con los cambios climáticos rápidos holocenos deducidos en otros registros continentales del NE de la Península Ibérica. In this paper, the ostracod assemblages identified in three alluvial units preserved in Bardenas Reales de Navarra (Ebro Basin, NE Iberian Peninsula) have been studied, with the aim of reconstructing the palaeoenvironmental evolution of this area during the late Holocene. The most common ostracod species in the studied samples are Ilyocypris bradyi Sars and Paralimnocythere aff. psammophila (Flössner), accompanied by Pseudocandona albicans (Brady). Variations in their relative abundance along these alluvial units allow us to characterize internal changes in the depositional environment. Thus, the unit deposited between 4763±87 and 2848±55 years cal. BP is dominated by I. bradyi, indicating the presence of small streams with running water developed probably in fluvial flood plains. Nevertheless, from 2848±55 to 836±65 years cal. BP Paralimnocythere aff. psammophila is the dominant species, representing the establishment of an ephemeral and stagnant aquatic environment, mainly related with more arid climatic conditions (Medieval Warm Period). Finally, the ostracod assemblage identified in Recent times (191±97 to 127±82 years cal. BP) is mainly dominated by I. bradyi, which indicates the presence of running waters. This later assemblage probably defines the influence of cold and wet climatic phase (Little Ice Age) during Recent times in this area. The palaeoenvironmental evolution identified from the late Holocene according to ostracod assemblages in Bardenas Reales de Navarra shows good correlation with rapid climatic changes deduced from other continental records of the NE Iberian Peninsula

Epidemiologic and Clinical Impact of Acinetobacter baumannii Colonization and Infection: A Reappraisal

Acinetobacter baumannii is one of the most important antibiotic-resistant nosocomial bacteria. We investigated changes in the clinical and molecular epidemiology of A. baumannii over a 10-year period. We compared the data from 2 prospective multicenter cohort studies in Spain, one performed in 2000 (183 patients) and one in 2010 (246 patients), which included consecutive patients infected or colonized by A. baumannii. Molecular typing was performed by repetitive extragenic palindromic polymerase chain reaction (REP-PCR), pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), and multilocus sequence typing (MLST). The incidence density of A. baumannii colonization or infection increased significantly from 0.14 in 2000 to 0.52 in 2010 in medical services (p<0.001). The number of non-nosocomial health careassociated cases increased from 1.2% to 14.2%, respectively (p<0.001). Previous exposure to carbapenems increased in 2010 (16.9% in 2000 vs 27.3% in 2010, p¼0.03). The drugs most frequently used for definitive treatment of patients with infections were carbapenems in 2000 (45%) and colistin in 2010 (50.3%). There was molecular-typing evidence of an increase in the frequency of A. baumannii acquisition in non-intensive care unit wards in 2010 (7.6% in 2000 vs 19.2% in 2010, p¼0.01). By MSLT, the ST2 clonal group predominated and increased in 2010. This epidemic clonal group was more frequently resistant to imipenem and was associated with an increased risk of sepsis, although not with severe sepsis or mortality. Some significant changes were noted in the epidemiology of A. baumannii, which is increasingly affecting patients admitted to conventional wards and is also the cause of non-nosocomial health care-associated infections. Epidemic clones seem to combine antimicrobial resistance and the ability to spread, while maintaining their clinical virulence.Ministerio de Ciencia e InnovaciónInstituto de Salud Carlos IIIEuropean Development Regional Fund “A way to achieve Europe” ERDFSpanish Network for the Research in Infectious Diseases REIPI RD06/0008FIS PI 10/00056 and PI 11/0204