6,742 research outputs found
On the multiplicity of the zero-age main-sequence O star Herschel 36
We present the analysis of high-resolution optical spectroscopic observations
of the zero-age main-sequence O star Herschel 36 spanning six years. This star
is definitely a multiple system, with at least three components detected in its
spectrum. Based on our radial-velocity (RV) study, we propose a picture of a
close massive binary and a more distant companion, most probably in wide orbit
about each other. The orbital solution for the binary, whose components we
identify as O9 V and B0.5 V, is characterized by a period of 1.5415 +/- 0.0006
days. With a spectral type O7.5 V, the third body is the most luminous
component of the system and also presents RV variations with a period close to
498 days. Some possible hypotheses to explain the variability are briefly
addressed and further observations are suggested.Comment: 6 pages, 2 figure
Relaxation times of kinetically constrained spin models with glassy dynamics
We analyze the density and size dependence of the relaxation time for
kinetically constrained spin systems. These have been proposed as models for
strong or fragile glasses and for systems undergoing jamming transitions. For
the one (FA1f) or two (FA2f) spin facilitated Fredrickson-Andersen model at any
density and for the Knight model below the critical density at which
the glass transition occurs, we show that the persistence and the spin-spin
time auto-correlation functions decay exponentially. This excludes the
stretched exponential relaxation which was derived by numerical simulations.
For FA2f in , we also prove a super-Arrhenius scaling of the form
. For FA1f in = we
rigorously prove the power law scalings recently derived in \cite{JMS} while in
we obtain upper and lower bounds consistent with findings therein.
Our results are based on a novel multi-scale approach which allows to analyze
in presence of kinetic constraints and to connect time-scales and
dynamical heterogeneities. The techniques are flexible enough to allow a
variety of constraints and can also be applied to conservative stochastic
lattice gases in presence of kinetic constraints.Comment: 4 page
Magnon valley Hall effect in CrI3-based vdW heterostructures
Magnonic excitations in the two-dimensional (2D) van der Waals (vdW)
ferromagnet CrI3 are studied. We find that bulk magnons exhibit a non-trivial
topological band structure without the need for Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya (DM)
interaction. This is shown in vdW heterostructures, consisting of single-layer
CrI3 on top of different 2D materials as MoTe2, HfS2 and WSe2. We find
numerically that the proposed substrates modify substantially the out-of-plane
magnetic anisotropy on each sublattice of the CrI3 subsystem. The induced
staggered anisotropy, combined with a proper band inversion, leads to the
opening of a topological gap of the magnon spectrum. Since the gap is opened
non-symmetrically at the K+ and K- points of the Brillouin zone, an imbalance
in the magnon population between these two valleys can be created under a
driving force. This phenomenon is in close analogy to the so-called valley Hall
effect (VHE), and thus termed as magnon valley Hall effect (MVHE). In linear
response to a temperature gradient we quantify this effect by the evaluation of
the temperature-dependence of the magnon thermal Hall effect. These findings
open a different avenue by adding the valley degrees of freedom besides the
spin, in the study of magnons
The KLa influence on ethanol production by Pichia stipitis
Nowadays, there is a great interest in the development of technologies for
ethanol production as an alternative combustible, since it can be used instead
of petrol or to blend with petrol, reducing the country’s dependence on oil
and imported fuel. It is known that the ethanol production by fermentation
is influenced by several process conditions such as pH, temperature, medium
composition, oxygen availability, among others. Determining the most suitable
fermentation conditions is of large importance for the establishment of a
successful technology. In the present work, the influence of oxygen transfer
volumetric rate (KL
a) on xylose to ethanol bioconversion by the yeast Pichia
stipitis NRRL Y-7124 was evaluated using a semi-defined fermentation medium
containing 90 g/l xylose. The assays were carried out in a bioreactor at 30°C,
under different aeration conditions (0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 vvm) and stirring rates
(200, 300 and 400 rpm) which resulted in KL
a values of 2.3, 18.7 and 65.8 h-1
respectively. According to the results, the bioconversion was dependent
on the aeration rate employed, the highest ethanol production (27.1 g/l)
being achieved when using a KL
a of 2.3 h-1. The increase of this parameter
to 18.7 and 65.8 h-1 promoted decreases of 52% and 100% on ethanol
production, respectively. By using a KL
a of 65.8 h-1 the ethanol production was
totally deviated to biomass production. Such results are of interest for the
development of a suitable technology for ethanol production by Pichia stipitis
Factoring in a Dissipative Quantum Computer
We describe an array of quantum gates implementing Shor's algorithm for prime
factorization in a quantum computer. The array includes a circuit for modular
exponentiation with several subcomponents (such as controlled multipliers,
adders, etc) which are described in terms of elementary Toffoli gates. We
present a simple analysis of the impact of losses and decoherence on the
performance of this quantum factoring circuit. For that purpose, we simulate a
quantum computer which is running the program to factor N = 15 while
interacting with a dissipative environment. As a consequence of this
interaction randomly selected qubits may spontaneously decay. Using the results
of our numerical simulations we analyze the efficiency of some simple error
correction techniques.Comment: plain tex, 18 pages, 8 postscript figure
Planar QED at finite temperature and density: Hall conductivity, Berry's phases and minimal conductivity of graphene
We study 1-loop effects for massless Dirac fields in two spatial dimensions,
coupled to homogeneous electromagnetic backgrounds, both at zero and at finite
temperature and density. In the case of a purely magnetic field, we analyze the
relationship between the invariance of the theory under large gauge
transformations, the appearance of Chern-Simons terms and of different Berry's
phases. In the case of a purely electric background field, we show that the
effective Lagrangian is independent of the chemical potential and of the
temperature. More interesting: we show that the minimal conductivity, as
predicted by the quantum field theory, is the right multiple of the
conductivity quantum and is, thus, consistent with the value measured for
graphene, with no extra factor of pi in the denominator.Comment: 27 pages, no figures. Minor misprints corrected. Final version, to
appear in J. Phys. A: Math. Ge
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